INVENTORY OF MOSQUITOES (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN CONSERVATION UNITS IN BRAZILIAN TROPICAL DRY FORESTS

In Brazil, most studies of the Culicidae family are concentrated in rainforest regions. As such, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the diversity of Culicidae in regions with different climatic and vegetational characteristics. The aim of this study was to compile an inventory of Culicidae in protected areas of the semi-arid region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in order to better understand the diversity of the family within this region. The study was conducted across four protected areas in the northern region of the state, in tropical dry forest (TDF) fragments. Sampling methods included Shannon trap and CDC light trap, as well as active collection. A total of 11,219 mosquito specimens were collected between August 2008 and July 2012, belonging to 11 genera and 45 species; 15 new records for the state of Minas Gerais were registered, as well as 26 new records for semi-arid regions within the state. The high number of new Culicidae records in this region demonstrates the importance of inventory studies for increasing the knowledge of culicid biodiversity in Minas Gerais, and in particular within semi-arid regions of the state.

SEROLOGICAL DETECTION OF HEPATITIS A VIRUS IN FREE-RANGING NEOTROPICAL PRIMATES (Sapajus spp., Alouatta caraya) FROM THE PARANÁ RIVER BASIN, BRAZIL

Nonhuman primates are considered as the natural hosts of Hepatitis A virus (HAV), as well as other pathogens, and can serve as natural sentinels to investigate epizootics and endemic diseases that are of public health importance. During this study, blood samples were collected from 112 Neotropical primates (NTPs) (Sapajus nigritus and S. cay, n = 75; Alouatta caraya, n = 37) trap-captured at the Paraná River basin, Brazil, located between the States of Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul. Anti-HAV IgG antibodies were detected in 4.5% (5/112) of NTPs, specifically in 6.7% (5/75) of Sapajus spp. and 0% (0/37) of A. caraya. In addition, all samples were negative for the presence of IgM anti-HAV antibodies. These results suggest that free-ranging NTPs were exposed to HAV within the geographical regions evaluated.

The economic value of Portuguese pine and eucalyptus forests

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Liver transplantation for neotropical polycystic echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus vogeli: a case report

Neotropical polycystic echinococcosis (NPE) is a parasitic disease caused by cestodes of Echinococcus vogeli. This parasite grows most commonly in the liver, where it produces multiples cysts that cause hepatic and vessel necrosis, infects the biliary ducts, and disseminates into the peritoneal cavity, spreading to other abdominal and thoracic organs. In cases of disseminated disease in the liver and involvement of biliary ducts or portal system, liver transplantation may be a favorable option. We present a report of the first case of liver transplantation for the treatment of advanced liver NPE caused by E. vogeli.

The interception process in tropical rain forests: a literature review and critique (*).

A review of the literature on measurements of rain water interception processes by forests is made. Information on Africa, Central and South America, and Asia is given. A general analysis is made and the need to further the measurements under field conditions is stressed.

Basileunculus, um gênero novo de PIPUNCULIDAE (DIPTERA) da região neotropical, com chave para as espécies.

Um gênero novo dz Pipunculidae é reconhecido, Basileunculus. Este gênero foi. cria do para englobar duas espécies colocadas anteriormentt em EudorylasAczél e pana uma espécie nova, a saber: Basileunculus rex (Curran, 1934), comb. n. (espécie-tipo), B. interruptus (Malloch, 1912), comb. n. e B. aliceae, sp. n.

REVISÃO DO GÊNERO NEOTROPICAL Acanthocera MACQUART (DIPTERA: TABANIDAE)

O gênero AcanthoceraMacquart é redefinido e apresentado lista sinonimica, diagnose, figuras e chave para fêmeas das 28 espécies. O subgênero NothocanthoceraFairchild do gênero Dichelaceraé transferido para Acanthocera,exceto D. melanopteraHine, e descrita uma espécie: A. distincta,sp. n. O subgênero MimodynerusEnderlein é sinonimizado sob A. {Acanthocera). A. bequaertiFairchüd & Aitken é revalidada. A. luizi(Enderlein) é sinonimizada sob A. coarctata(Wiedemann). A fêmea de A. polistiformisFairchild é descrita. Um novo lectótipo é designado para A. tenuicornis.

CONSUMO DE ALIMENTO POR UM GAFANHOTO NEOTROPICAL, Stenacris fissicauda fissicauda (BRUNER, 1908) (ORTHOPTERA:ACRIDIDAE) DA VÁRZEA AMAZÔNICA

É feita a determinação da quantidade média (g) de biomassa foliar consumida por 1 g (peso seco) de gafanhoto/dia nesta espécie. O material para a realização dos experimentos foi coletado na ilha de Marchantaria (várzea - Rio Solimões) perto de Manaus. Os animais testados foram agrupados por estádio ninfal (ninfas iniciais (I+II), médias (111+lV) e finais (V+VI)) e os adultos pelo sexo (machos, fêmeas, machos+fêmeas). A planta utilizada como alimento foi Paspalwn repens, macrófita aquática das Poaceac, onde Stenacrisf. fissicaudadesenvolve o seu ciclo vital. Verificou-se que as ninfas de estádios iniciais realizam o maior consumo (0,7740 g/g de biomassa animal/dia), enquanto que o menor consumo de biomassa foliar, foi feito pelos adultos (0,2622 g/g de biomassa animal/dia). O consumo médio foi calculado em 0,5 g (peso seco) de biomassa foliar consumida por g (peso seco) de biomassa animal por dia. Estes dados estão sendo comparados com o consumo foliar de Cornops aquaticum (Acrididac) em Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae) da mesma área.

DESENVOLVIMENTO NINFAL DO GAFANHOTO NEOTROPICAL SEMI-AQUÁTICO Stenacris fissicauda fissicauda (BRUNER, 1908) (ORTHOPTERA:ACRIDIDAE) EM CONDIÇÕES CONTROLADAS

Estudou-se a influência da temperatura e do fotoperíodo no desenvolvimento ninfal do gafanhoto semi-aquático Stenacris fissicauda fissicaudaproveniente de uma região de várzea, perto de Manaus. Ninfas recém-eclodidas foram coletadas no campo na macrófita aquática Paspalum repens (Gramineae-Poaceae)e criadas sob condições controladas em câmaras de criação (8, 12 e 24 horas de luz, 27°C e 27/21°C de temperatura) e sob condições naturais. Esta espécie apresenta 5 estádios ninfais para os machos e 6 para as fêmeas sob condições de dia longo no laboratório e durante o período com menos precipitação (estação "seca") sob condições naturais. No entanto, observou-se um estádio extra para machos (6o) e fêmeas (7o) sob condições de dia curto no laboratório. Este estádio ocorreu durante o período com mais precipitação (estação chuvosa) sob condições naturais. Constatou-se que a temperatura e o fotoperíodo interagiram no desenvolvimento ninfal sob condições controladas: 1) O número de estádios (especialmente em fêmeas) foi principalmente influenciado pelo fotoperíodo; 2) O tempo de desenvolvimento ninfal (em ambos os sexos) sobretudo foi influenciado pela temperatura. Os resultados estão sendo discutidos sob o ponto de que a luz pode atuar como fator de controle (ecofator) no número de estádios ninfais de insetos em ecossistemas tropicais, mesmo sendo situados perto do equador, devido à mudanças sazonais de insolação e/ou intensidade de luz durante o ano.

Nutritional preferences of wood-feeding termites inhabiting floodplain forests of the Amazon River, Brazil

The alimentary preferences of five species of wood-feeding termites of the genus Nasutitermes that coexist in the inundated forests of the floodplains of the Amazon river várzea for species of fresh wood and for wood in different stages of decomposition was evaluated in laboratory tests. Wood of low density was generally preferred; the decay stages were preferred over fresh wood. The five termite species differ in the amplitude of their choices, indicating a strong differentiation in food choice among them. Differences in feeding preferences may be a niche-separating factor for these five Nasutitermes species of the floodplains.

Descrição de Syndyas amazonica SP. N., Primeiro registro do gênero na região Neotropical (Diptera, Empididae, Hybotinae)

Uma espécie amazônica de Syndyas é descrita e ilustrada: Syndyas amazonica sp.n.. Este é o primeiro registro do gênero na Região Neotropical.

Levels of leaf Herbivory in Amazonian trees from different stages In forest regeneration

Leaves from 120 canopy trees and 60 understory tree saplings growing in primary and secondary forests near Manaus, Brazil, were collected for determination of standing levels of herbivory (percent leaf area lost). Overall, levels of herbivory on leaves of central Amazonian trees were low. About one quarter of the leaves examined (n = 855) had no damage at all. In most other Neotropical sites studied the mean percentage of herbivory was found to vary between 5.7 and 13.1%, whereas in Manaus it was only 3.1%. The data presented here support the contention that levels of herbivore damage are positively related to soil fertility. No significant difference was found in herbivory levels between canopy trees and understory saplings. Also, there was no difference in damage between leaves from pioneer and late successional trees. Field assays of preference, however, revealed that leaves from pioneer trees are more palatable to leaf-cutting ants (Atta laevigata). This effect was dependent upon leaf age, being observed in mature leaves, but not in young leaves. The greater rate of leaf production in secondary forests may be a factor accounting for the greater abundance of leaf-cutting ants in secondary compared to primary forests.

Leaf herbivory on three tree species in a monodominant and two other Terra firme forests on Maracá Island, Brazil

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the monodominant non-pioneer Peltogyne gracilipes, typically does not suffer density-dependent herbivory (Janzen-Connell model). Two components of intraspecific variation in leaf herbivory were measured: 1) the variation between individuals in the population at the same time and 2) the temporal variation in rates of damage to each individual. The study was carried out on Maracá Island, Roraima, Brazil in three plots (50 m χ 50 m) in each of three forest types: Peltogyne-rich forest (PRF), Peltogyne-poor forest (PPF), and forest without Peltogyne (FWP). Two other non-pioneer species (Ecclinusa guianensis and Pradosia surinamensis) were chosen for comparison because they were fairly abundant and their seedlings could be readily identified. The values of leaf area removed by herbivores of trees and seedlings of the three study species were in the range reported for other tropical tree species (2-16%, standing damage). There were no differences within species between forests. However, there was a significant difference among species but this was not correlated with seedling density. Peltogyne seedlings showed no evidence of density-dependent herbivory as predicted by the Janzen-Connell model despite the fact that adult trees were observed to suffer a mass defoliation in April 1992. This result suggests that Peltogyne may be dominant partly due to escape from herbivory in the early stages of its life although it may suffer occasional mass defoliation as an adult.