Towards localisation with Doppler radar

In this thesis the author introduces a novel method for Geo Localisation via Doppler Radar. The area of research is in the three dimensional space using amplitude and magnitude measurements. Geo Localisation in mobile applications is a useful technology that enables monitoring and gathering information about objects of interest.

Digital marketing of unhealthy foods to Australian children and adolescents

The emergence of new media—including branded websites, social media and mobile applications—has created additional touch points for unhealthy food and beverage companies to target children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to perform an audit of new media for three top selling food and beverage brands in Australia. The top selling brand in three of the most advertised food and beverage categories was identified. Facebook, websites and mobile phone applications from these three brands were assessed using a combination of descriptive analyses and structured data collection during June and July 2013. Information on target audience, main focus of the activity, marketing strategies employed and connectivity were collected. Promotional activities were assessed against industry self-regulatory codes. McDonald's, Coca-Cola and Cadbury Dairy Milk were audited, with 21 promotional activities identified. These promotional activities appeared to use a number of marketing strategies, with frequent use of indirect product association, engagement techniques and branding. We identified strategic targeting of both children and adolescents. We found that while all promotional activities technically met self-regulatory codes (usually due to media-specific age restrictions) a number appeared to employ unhealthy food or beverage marketing directed to children. Brands are using engaging content via new media aimed at children and adolescents to promote unhealthy food and beverages. Given the limitations of self-regulatory codes in the context of new media, strategies need to be developed to reduce exposure of children and adolescents to marketing of unhealthy food and beverage products via these avenues.

Voice over IP 2.0: an analysis of limits and potential of IP2IP telecommunication

Internet Telephony (VoIP) is changing the telecommunication industry. Oftentimes free, VoIP is becoming more and more popular amongst users. Large software companies have entered the market and heavily invest into it. In 2011, for instance, Microsoft bought Skype for 8.5bn USD. This trend increasingly impacts the incumbent telecommunication operators. They see their main source of revenue – classic telephony – under siege and disappear. The thesis at hand develops a most-likely scenario in order to determine how VoIP is evolving further and it predicts, based on a ten-year forecast, the impact it will have on the players in the telecommunication industry.The paper presents a model combining Rogers’ diffusion and Christensen’s innovation research. The model has the goal of explaining the past evolution of VoIP and to isolate the factors that determine the further diffusion of the innovation. Interviews with industry experts serve to assess how the identified factors are evolving.Two propositions are offered. First, VoIP operators are becoming more important in international, corporate, and mobile telephony. End-to-end VoIP (IP2IP) will exhibit strong growth rates and increasingly cannibalize the telephony revenues of the classic operators. Second, fix-net telephony in SMEs and at home will continue to be dominated by the incumbents. Yet, as prices for telephony fall towards zero also they will implement IP2IP in order to save costs. By 2022, up to 90% of the calls will be IP2IP. The author recommends the incumbents and VoIP operators to proactively face the change, to rethink their business strategies, and to even be open for cooperation.

Fatores-chave de sucesso na adoção de aplicativos móveis de táxi

A pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar os fatores-chave de sucesso na adoção de aplicativos móveis de táxi (AMTs) por taxistas. Baseando-se nos modelos de Aceitação Tecnológica (DAVIS; BAGOZZI; WARSHAW, 1989), Difusão da Inovação (ROGERS, 1995) e de Confiança (CARTER; BÉLANGER, 2005), o trabalho propõe também uma revisão da literatura de Aplicações Móveis aplicada ao contexto dos AMTs (VAN BILJON; KOTZÉ, 2007). Para o propósito dessa pesquisa, os AMTs são definidos como aplicativos de serviço móvel avançado que viabilizam, por meio de Internet e geolocalização, a solicitação de transporte de táxi em dispositivos móveis, mediante sistemas de informação e chamadas telefônicas, e o acompanhamento da prestação do serviço e seu pagamento. A partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade e aplicações de questionários em pesquisa de campo, o estudo propõe uma triangulação de métodos de Análise Lexical (BOTTA,2010; GEERAERTS,2010), Conteúdo (BARDIN,2006) e Ranking Médio (OLIVEIRA,2005) para a investigação dos fatores identificados na literatura. Os resultados apontam que os fatores influenciadores do sucesso dos AMTs, na perspectiva de uso pelos motoristas de táxi, são Simplicidade e Utilidade Percebida, enquanto os moderadores são Segurança e Ganhos Financeiros. Acredita-se que a pesquisa poderá contribuir para a discussão de um tema ainda pouco explorado na literatura no Brasil, os Aplicativos Móveis, além de proporcionar implicações gerenciais no âmbito da inovação em empresas desenvolvedoras.

Melhoria da comunicação e do relacionamento entre o governo e os cidadãos com aplicativos móveis : o caso do m-government do estado de São Paulo

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo explorar como o governo do Estado de São Paulo pode utilizar a tecnologia para aproximar o Estado dos cidadãos por meio de aplicativos móveis. A intensificação do uso dos dispositivos móveis pela população brasileira e a recente ampliação do uso de m-government como esforço na busca da melhoria da prestação de serviços ao cidadão pelo Estado de São Paulo nas duas últimas décadas configuram o cenário em que foi estabelecido o Termo de Referência da Subsecretaria de Tecnologia e Serviços ao Cidadão, da Secretaria de Governo do Estado de São Paulo. Neste trabalho, houve a integração de métodos de pesquisa de diferentes naturezas: revisão da literatura, entrevistas semi-estruturadas com atores influentes na formulação das políticas públicas, avaliação da política de aplicativos móveis do Governo do Estado de São Paulo e dos próprios aplicativos, benchmarking de experiências internacionais e diagnóstico analítico da situação atual. Foram identificados como pontos fortes a importância da existência de uma subsecretaria próxima ao Governador, a criação de um aplicativo central que facilita o conhecimento dos aplicativos do governo existentes e a existência de uma empresa pública de processamento de dados com competência para desenvolver serviços e aplicativos. Como desafios foram identificados a estratégia de comunicação e divulgação dos aplicativos, ausência de legislação sobre m-government e a falta de uma política pública e planejamento estratégico consistente para orientar melhorias e alcance de resultados com rapidez e eficiência. Recomenda-se, principalmente: 1) que a Subsecretaria de Tecnologia e Serviços ao Cidadão atue como órgão central para além de emitir as diretrizes de e-goverment, também emanar as de m-government, 2) que o foco governamental seja na orientação do serviço ao cidadão e não primordialmente ao desenvolvimento de aplicativos e 3) a formulação e implementação de uma política clara para a difusão de m-government que seja passível de ser entendida e replicada por todos os atores governamentais e permeie todos os órgãos da administração direta e indireta, não se restringindo às áreas de TI. A abordagem de m-government ainda é incipiente no Brasil, necessitando de novos estudos acadêmicos complementares para consolidação de massa crítica sobre o tema. Este assunto receberá atenção e investimentos governamentais nos próximos anos. Conclui-se que o Estado de São Paulo está em uma boa direção, mas para avançar com efetividade os gestores estaduais devem se apropriar das melhores práticas da experiência internacional em m-government, havendo um longo caminho para melhorar o relacionamento entre o Estado e os cidadãos com o uso de aplicativos móveis, com a abordagem de um governo único para um cidadão único.

Participação no processo orçamentário (PPA, LDO, LOA) por meio de aplicativos móveis: uma proposta para o governo do estado de São Paulo

Este trabalho tem como objetivo explorar como o governo do Estado de São Paulo pode utilizar a tecnologia para fortalecer a participação dos cidadãos no processo orçamentário público por meio de aplicativos móveis. Nos últimos anos, o advento e a difusão de novas tecnologias tem impactado significativamente o relacionamento do Estado com os cidadãos em todo o mundo. Uma destas mudanças é a difusão e popularização de smartphones e tablets, que impõe desafios e oportunidades em termos de prestação de serviços e participação do cidadão no processo de elaboração, implementação e avaliação de políticas públicas. Para o alcance dos objetivos deste trabalho, como método de pesquisa, foi realizada, inicialmente, uma revisão da literatura sobre m-government, e-democracia e sistema orçamentário brasileiro. Em um segundo momento foi realizada a observação de experiências internacionais e nacionais, posteriormente aplicada ao estudo do caso do governo do Estado de São Paulo, explorando as possibilidades de utilização do m-government no processo orçamentário paulista. A partir de 2010, as leis anuais de diretrizes orçamentárias do Estado de São Paulo, passaram a conter dispositivos com relação à realização de audiências públicas ao Orçamento Estadual, de forma regionalizada. O uso das TICs no processo orçamentário pode contribuir para facilitar o entendimento dos complexos conceitos de finanças públicas e orçamento público. A utilização do m-government para elaboração de um futuro aplicativo no Estado de São Paulo deve possuir uma área explicativa, com textos e vídeos educativos, possibilitando aos cidadãos uma participação mais qualificada e efetiva. Conclui-se que os temas de e-democracia e m-government ainda são incipientes no Brasil, porém representam uma oportunidade para que governos se aproximem dos cidadãos, tendo em vista que ainda não está sendo explorado o potencial de interação e comunicação através da internet e aplicativos móveis. Esta perspectiva ainda não está inserida na agenda governamental, mas a sociedade civil está cobrando participação efetiva no ciclo de políticas públicas. Sugere-se que seja ampliada a adoção do uso de ferramentas tecnológicas de m-government e e-government, porque tendem a contribuir na interação entre cidadãos e o governo na elaboração, implementação e avaliação de políticas públicas com o aperfeiçoamento da alocação dos escassos recursos orçamentários disponíveis.

Market entry of an innovative technology : the example of a new app on the Brazilian tourism market

The Brazilian start-up Local Wander plans to enter the tourism sector with a mobile application aiming to enable a new form of travel research. A web-based survey has been sent out to the start-up’s target audience (n: 236) in order to gain further relevant information for the designing of Local Wander’s market entry strategy. By applying the diffusion of innovation theory, this thesis could detect five different adopter categories, originally described by Rogers (1962), among Local Wander’s target audience based on their adoption intention. The Early Market was observed to be significantly bigger than the theory predicted. Research revealed four characteristics to be of significant impact on the adoption intention: Relative Perceived Product Advantage, Perceived Product Complexity, Compatibility with digital travel research sources, and the adopter’s Innovativeness towards mobile applications. Specific characteristics in order to identify Local Wander’s early users, the so called Innovators, were detected giving indications for further necessary company market research. Findings showed that the diffusion of innovation framework is a helpful tool for start-ups’ prospective decision making and market entry strategy planning.

MoSAC: um módulo para seleção de configurações arquiteturais baseado em critérios de QoS no contexto de sistema distribuídos autoadaptativos

The process for choosing the best components to build systems has become increasingly complex. It becomes more critical if it was need to consider many combinations of components in the context of an architectural configuration. These circumstances occur, mainly, when we have to deal with systems involving critical requirements, such as the timing constraints in distributed multimedia systems, the network bandwidth in mobile applications or even the reliability in real-time systems. This work proposes a process of dynamic selection of architectural configurations based on non-functional requirements criteria of the system, which can be used during a dynamic adaptation. This proposal uses the MAUT theory (Multi-Attribute Utility Theory) for decision making from a finite set of possibilities, which involve multiple criteria to be analyzed. Additionally, it was proposed a metamodel which can be used to describe the application s requirements in terms of the non-functional requirements criteria and their expected values, to express them in order to make the selection of the desired configuration. As a proof of concept, it was implemented a module that performs the dynamic choice of configurations, the MoSAC. This module was implemented using a component-based development approach (CBD), performing a selection of architectural configurations based on the proposed selection process involving multiple criteria. This work also presents a case study where an application was developed in the context of Digital TV to evaluate the time spent on the module to return a valid configuration to be used in a middleware with autoadaptative features, the middleware AdaptTV

BMMobile: uma linha de produtos para dimensionamento de bombeio mecânico em dispositivos móveis

With the increase of processing ability, storage and several kinds of communication existing such as Bluetooth, infrared, wireless networks, etc.., mobile devices are no longer only devices with specific function and have become tools with various functionalities. In the business field, the benefits that these kinds of devices can offer are considerable, because the portability allows tasks that previously could only be performed within the work environment, can be performed anywhere. In the context of oil exploration companies, mobile applications allow quick actions could be taken by petroleum engineers and technicians, using their mobile devices to avoid potential catastrophes like an unexpected stop or break of important equipment. In general, the configuration of equipment for oil extraction is performed on the work environment using computer systems in desktop platforms. After the obtained configuration, an employee goes to equipment to be configured and perform the modifications obtained on the use desktop system. This management process equipment for oil extraction takes long time and does not guarantee the maintenance in time to avoid problems. With the use of mobile devices, management and maintenance of equipment for oil extraction can be performed in a more agile time once it enables the engineer or technician oil can perform this configuration at the time and place where the request comes for example, near in the oil well where the equipment is located. The wide variety of mobile devices creates a big difficulty in developing mobile applications, since for one application can function in several types of devices, the application must be changed for each specific type of device, which makes the development quite costly. This paper defines and implements a software product line for designing sucker-rod pumping systems on mobile devices. This product line of software, called BMMobile, aims to produce products that are capable of performing calculations to determine the possible configurations for the equipment in the design suckerrod pumping, and managing the variabilities of the various products that can be generated. Besides, this work performs two evaluations. The first evaluation will verify the consistency of the products produced by the software product line. The second evaluation will verify the reuse of some products generated by SPL developed

Development strategies for the information and communications technology sector in the Caribbean: A global perspective

This occasional paper examines the experiences of three leading global centres of the ICT industry – India, Silicon Valley, and Estonia – to reflect on how the lessons of these models can be applied to the context of countries in the Caribbean region.Several sectors of the technology industry are considered in relation to the suitability for their establishment in the Caribbean. Animation is an area that is showing encouraging signs of development in several countries, and which offers some promise to provide a significant source of employment in the region. However, the global market for animation production is likely to become increasingly competitive, as improved technology has reduced barriers to entry into the industry not only in the Caribbean, but around the world. The region’s animation industry will need to move swiftly up the value chain if it is to avoid the downsides of being caught in an increasingly commoditized market. Mobile applications development has also been widely a heralded industry for the Caribbean. However, the market for consumer-oriented smartphone applications has matured very quickly, and is now a very difficult sector in which to compete. Caribbean mobile developers would be better served to focus on creating applications to suit the needs of regional industries and governments, rather than attempting to gain notice in over-saturated consumer marketplaces such as the iTunes App Store and Google Play. Another sector considered for the Caribbean is “big data” analysis. This area holds significant potential for growth in coming years, but the Caribbean, which is generally considered to be a datapoor region, currently lacks a sufficient base of local customers to form a competitive foundation for such an industry. While a Caribbean big data industry could plausibly be oriented toward outsourcing, that orientation would limit positive externalities from the sector, and benefits from its establishment would largely accrue only to a relatively small number of direct participants in the industry. Instead, development in the big data sector should be twinned with the development of products to build a regional customer base for the industry. The region has pressing needs in areas such as disaster risk reduction, water resource management, and support for agricultural production. Development of big data solutions – and other technology products – to address areas such as these could help to establish niche industries that both support the needs of local populations, and provide viable opportunities for the export of higher-value products and services to regions of the world with similar needs.

Aplicativos móveis para análise de problemas de fala

This paper presents two mobile applications developed for assistance on the analysis of speech related problems: Contagem de Disfluências (Disfluency Counter) and Velocidade de Leitura (Reading Speed). The use of tablet mobile devices streamlines the procedures for speech problem analysis conducted by speech language therapist. The lack of tabletspecific software designed for this purpose in the Portuguese language, and suited to the Brazilian needs, motivated the development of these applications, which was conducted according to the Kanban agile methodology.

Controle e aquisição de dados experimentais com tecnologia bluetooth em dispositivos móveis

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Tecniche per il controllo dinamico del consumo di potenza per piattaforme system-on-chip

Providing support for multimedia applications on low-power mobile devices remains a significant research challenge. This is primarily due to two reasons: • Portable mobile devices have modest sizes and weights, and therefore inadequate resources, low CPU processing power, reduced display capabilities, limited memory and battery lifetimes as compared to desktop and laptop systems. • On the other hand, multimedia applications tend to have distinctive QoS and processing requirementswhichmake themextremely resource-demanding. This innate conflict introduces key research challenges in the design of multimedia applications and device-level power optimization. Energy efficiency in this kind of platforms can be achieved only via a synergistic hardware and software approach. In fact, while System-on-Chips are more and more programmable thus providing functional flexibility, hardwareonly power reduction techniques cannot maintain consumption under acceptable bounds. It is well understood both in research and industry that system configuration andmanagement cannot be controlled efficiently only relying on low-level firmware and hardware drivers. In fact, at this level there is lack of information about user application activity and consequently about the impact of power management decision on QoS. Even though operating system support and integration is a requirement for effective performance and energy management, more effective and QoSsensitive power management is possible if power awareness and hardware configuration control strategies are tightly integratedwith domain-specificmiddleware services. The main objective of this PhD research has been the exploration and the integration of amiddleware-centric energymanagement with applications and operating-system. We choose to focus on the CPU-memory and the video subsystems, since they are the most power-hungry components of an embedded system. A second main objective has been the definition and implementation of software facilities (like toolkits, API, and run-time engines) in order to improve programmability and performance efficiency of such platforms. Enhancing energy efficiency and programmability ofmodernMulti-Processor System-on-Chips (MPSoCs) Consumer applications are characterized by tight time-to-market constraints and extreme cost sensitivity. The software that runs on modern embedded systems must be high performance, real time, and even more important low power. Although much progress has been made on these problems, much remains to be done. Multi-processor System-on-Chip (MPSoC) are increasingly popular platforms for high performance embedded applications. This leads to interesting challenges in software development since efficient software development is a major issue for MPSoc designers. An important step in deploying applications on multiprocessors is to allocate and schedule concurrent tasks to the processing and communication resources of the platform. The problem of allocating and scheduling precedenceconstrained tasks on processors in a distributed real-time system is NP-hard. There is a clear need for deployment technology that addresses thesemulti processing issues. This problem can be tackled by means of specific middleware which takes care of allocating and scheduling tasks on the different processing elements and which tries also to optimize the power consumption of the entire multiprocessor platform. This dissertation is an attempt to develop insight into efficient, flexible and optimalmethods for allocating and scheduling concurrent applications tomultiprocessor architectures. It is a well-known problem in literature: this kind of optimization problems are very complex even in much simplified variants, therefore most authors propose simplified models and heuristic approaches to solve it in reasonable time. Model simplification is often achieved by abstracting away platform implementation ”details”. As a result, optimization problems become more tractable, even reaching polynomial time complexity. Unfortunately, this approach creates an abstraction gap between the optimization model and the real HW-SW platform. The main issue with heuristic or, more in general, with incomplete search is that they introduce an optimality gap of unknown size. They provide very limited or no information on the distance between the best computed solution and the optimal one. The goal of this work is to address both abstraction and optimality gaps, formulating accurate models which accounts for a number of ”non-idealities” in real-life hardware platforms, developing novel mapping algorithms that deterministically find optimal solutions, and implementing software infrastructures required by developers to deploy applications for the targetMPSoC platforms. Energy Efficient LCDBacklightAutoregulation on Real-LifeMultimediaAp- plication Processor Despite the ever increasing advances in Liquid Crystal Display’s (LCD) technology, their power consumption is still one of the major limitations to the battery life of mobile appliances such as smart phones, portable media players, gaming and navigation devices. There is a clear trend towards the increase of LCD size to exploit the multimedia capabilities of portable devices that can receive and render high definition video and pictures. Multimedia applications running on these devices require LCD screen sizes of 2.2 to 3.5 inches andmore to display video sequences and pictures with the required quality. LCD power consumption is dependent on the backlight and pixel matrix driving circuits and is typically proportional to the panel area. As a result, the contribution is also likely to be considerable in future mobile appliances. To address this issue, companies are proposing low power technologies suitable for mobile applications supporting low power states and image control techniques. On the research side, several power saving schemes and algorithms can be found in literature. Some of them exploit software-only techniques to change the image content to reduce the power associated with the crystal polarization, some others are aimed at decreasing the backlight level while compensating the luminance reduction by compensating the user perceived quality degradation using pixel-by-pixel image processing algorithms. The major limitation of these techniques is that they rely on the CPU to perform pixel-based manipulations and their impact on CPU utilization and power consumption has not been assessed. This PhDdissertation shows an alternative approach that exploits in a smart and efficient way the hardware image processing unit almost integrated in every current multimedia application processors to implement a hardware assisted image compensation that allows dynamic scaling of the backlight with a negligible impact on QoS. The proposed approach overcomes CPU-intensive techniques by saving system power without requiring either a dedicated display technology or hardware modification. Thesis Overview The remainder of the thesis is organized as follows. The first part is focused on enhancing energy efficiency and programmability of modern Multi-Processor System-on-Chips (MPSoCs). Chapter 2 gives an overview about architectural trends in embedded systems, illustrating the principal features of new technologies and the key challenges still open. Chapter 3 presents a QoS-driven methodology for optimal allocation and frequency selection for MPSoCs. The methodology is based on functional simulation and full system power estimation. Chapter 4 targets allocation and scheduling of pipelined stream-oriented applications on top of distributed memory architectures with messaging support. We tackled the complexity of the problem by means of decomposition and no-good generation, and prove the increased computational efficiency of this approach with respect to traditional ones. Chapter 5 presents a cooperative framework to solve the allocation, scheduling and voltage/frequency selection problem to optimality for energyefficient MPSoCs, while in Chapter 6 applications with conditional task graph are taken into account. Finally Chapter 7 proposes a complete framework, called Cellflow, to help programmers in efficient software implementation on a real architecture, the Cell Broadband Engine processor. The second part is focused on energy efficient software techniques for LCD displays. Chapter 8 gives an overview about portable device display technologies, illustrating the principal features of LCD video systems and the key challenges still open. Chapter 9 shows several energy efficient software techniques present in literature, while Chapter 10 illustrates in details our method for saving significant power in an LCD panel. Finally, conclusions are drawn, reporting the main research contributions that have been discussed throughout this dissertation.

Lecciones prácticas de desarrollo de aplicaciones móviles en Android

Los avances que se han producido en los últimos años en cuanto a potencia y capacidades de los teléfonos móviles que usamos de manera cotidiana, traen de la mano un auge en la demanda de aplicaciones de todo ámbito: desde aplicaciones generales de consumo, pasando por juegos, hasta aplicaciones que ofrecen soluciones internas a empresas. Existen diferentes sistemas operativos para teléfonos móviles como se explicará más adelante en el capítulo introductorio. En dicho capítulo se da la justificación de por qué en el presente Proyecto Fin de Carrera se centra en el estudio del sistema operativo Android. Primeramente se dará una visión global del estado del arte en cuanto al mundo de aplicaciones móviles se refiere. Se explicarán los pros y contras de cada sistema operativo, detallando el lenguaje de programación utilizado en cada uno de ellos y sus principales características. Después, en el capítulo tres se estudiará con más profundidad el sistema operativo Android, desde su historia y orígenes, hasta los componentes básicos para la creación de una aplicación, pasando por la arquitectura interna del sistema o su máquina virtual. Con esto se pretende que el lector tenga un contexto que le permita comprender los siguientes capítulos, que es donde está el núcleo de este Proyecto Fin de Carrera. El cuarto capítulo trata de una serie de prácticas incrementales, que cubren una gran parte de las posibilidades que ofrece el sistema operativo Android para el desarrollo de aplicaciones. Se ha pretendido que la dificultad vaya de menos a más y que las prácticas se vayan apoyando en las anteriores, para tener al final una única solución que englobe todas las lecciones. El último capítulo quiere englobar el uso de todas las lecciones aprendidas en las lecciones anteriores para crear una aplicación que bien podría ser una aplicación real para un cliente. Se trata de una aplicación que muestra en tiempo real información sobre las cámaras de tráfico de la ciudad de Madrid. ABSTRACT. The improvements that have occurred in recent years in terms of power and capabilities of mobile phones that we use on a daily basis, bring an increment in demand for all kind of applications, from general consumer applications, games or even internal applications that offer solutions to companies. There are different operating systems for mobile phones as will be explained later in the introductory chapter. In that chapter the answer for why this Thesis focuses on the study of the Android operating system is given as well. First an overview of the state of the art about the world of mobile applications will be referred. The pros and cons of each operating system will be explained, detailing the programming language used in each of them and their main characteristics. Then in chapter three will be discussed in more depth the Android operating system, from its history and beginnings to the main components for the creation of an application, to the internal architecture of the system or virtual machine. The goal of chapter three is to give the readers a context that allows them to understand the following chapters, where the core of this Thesis is. The fourth chapter contains a series of incremental practices covering a large part of the potential of the Android operating system for application development. Those practices grow in difficulty and are supported by the previous in order to have at the end a single solution that fits all lessons. The last chapter wants to embrace the use of all the lessons learned in previous lessons to create an application that could well be an actual application for a client. It is an application that displays real-time information off traffic cameras of the city of Madrid.