Determinação precoce do sexo fetal pela análise do DNA no plasma materno

Purpose: to verify the viability of early diagnosis of fetal gender in maternal plasma by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) starting at the 5th week of pregnancy. Methods: peripheral blood was collected from pregnant women with single fetus starting at the 5th week of gestation. After centrifugation, 0.4 mL plasma was separated for fetal DNA extraction. The DNA was analyzed in duplicate by real-time PCR for two genomic regions, one of the Y chromosome and the other common to both sexes, through the TaqMan® method, which uses a pair of primers and a fluorescent probe. Patients who aborted were excluded. Results: a total of 79 determinations of fetal DNA in maternal plasma were performed in 52 pregnant women. The results of the determinations were compared to fetal gender after delivery. Accuracy according to gestational age was 92.6% (25 of 27 cases) at 5 weeks with 87% sensitivity, and 95.6% (22 of 23 cases) at 6 weeks with 92% sensitivity. Starting at the 7th week of pregnancy, accuracy was 100% (29 of 29 cases). Specificity was 100% regardless of gestational age. Conclusion: real-time PCR for the detection of fetal gender in maternal plasma starting at the 5th week of gestation has good sensitivity and excellent specificity. There was agreement of the results in 100% of the cases in which male gender was diagnosed, regardless of gestational age, and from the 7th week of gestation for female gender diagnosis.

Efeito do raloxifeno sobre a densidade mamográfica em mulheres na pós-menopausa

PURPOSE: to evaluate changes in mammographic breast density in postmenopausal women using raloxifene. METHODS: in this clinical trial, 80 women (mean age=61.1 years) were studied prospectively. Forty patients received 60 mg/day raloxifene, and 40 women comprised the non-treated group (control), paired by age and time of menopause. The treated group was composed of patients with osteoporosis of the lumbar spine. Those with history of breast surgery and users of hormone therapy up to six months prior to the study were excluded. The breast density was assessed qualitatively (subjective) and quantitatively (objective) in two moments, initial and final, after a 6-month follow-up. The 320 mammograms (craniocaudal and oblique) were interpreted qualitatively by the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification and quantitatively by digital scanning and computer-assisted segmentation. For statistical analysis t-test, Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney, Spearman correlation and the kappa index were used. RESULTS: on the initial statistical comparison, the groups were considered homogenous for the variables: analyzed age, time of menopause, parity, breast feeding, previous hormonal therapy and body mass index. Baseline breast density, by qualitative and quantitative methods, correlated negatively with the age in both groups (p<0.05). Concerning the other variables, there was no correlation. After six months, no alteration was observed in the mammographic breast density in 38 women of raloxifene group and 38 of the control group, by qualitative method. However, by quantitative method, no alteration was observed in 30 women of the raloxifene group and 27 controls (p>0.05). It was observed a weak agreement rate (kappa=0.25) between the BI-RADS classification and digital scanning/computer-assisted segmentation. CONCLUSIONS: in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis, submitted to raloxifene treatment for six months, no alterations were observed on the mammographic breast density.

Comparação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde entre mulheres na pós-menopausa praticantes de atividade física com e sem osteoporose

Objective: to investigate the quality of life among physically active post-menopausal women with and without a diagnosis of osteoporosis. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out through interview. All the participating women volunteered to take part of this study through previous contact by telephone. The characteristics and objectives of the interview were explained in addition to confirmation of their post-menopausal status. There were two groups of 21 volunteers each: group 1 were non-osteoporotic women (64.38 ± 4.24 years-old) and group 2 were osteoporotic women (67.81 ± 4.19 years-old). Each volunteer was asked to fulfill a preliminary form in order to register personal information, clinical history, co-morbidities and health care. Following, the SF-36 questionnaire was applied. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to assess differences between the two groups. Results: there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between both groups only with regard to the Role Physical and General Health components of the SF-36 form showing a better performance to group 1. Condusion: post-menopausal women with a diagnosis of osteoporosis that did not sustain a fracture may present a similar quality of life, as compared to non-osteoporotic post-menopausal women.

Síndrome metabólica em mulheres na pós-menopausa tratadas de câncer de mama

PURPOSE: To assess the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. METHODS: A total of 158 breast cancer survivors were included in this cross-sectional study. Eligibility criteria were: women with amenorrhea >12 months and age ≥45 years, treated for breast cancer and no metastasis for at least five years. Clinical history and anthropometric indicator data (body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference, (WC) were collected. Biochemical parameters, including total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides (TG), glucose and C-reactive protein (CRP), were measured. MetS was diagnosed as the presence of at least three of the following diagnostic criteria: WC>88 cm, blood pressure≥130/85 mmHg, triglycerides≥150 mg/dl, HDL <50 mg/dL,and glucose≥100 mg/dL. The Student's t-test and χ 2 test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of breast cancer survivors was 63.1±8.6 years, with a mean follow-up of 9.1±4.0 years. MetS was diagnosed in 48.1% (76/158) and the most prevalent diagnostic criterion was abdominal obesity (WC>88 cm), affecting 54.4% (86/158) of the women. The patients without MetS had a longer follow-up compared those with MetS (p<0.05). Regarding the current BMI, PN average, those without MetS were overweight, and those with MetS were obese (p<0.05). Among the latter, comparison of BMI at the time of cancer diagnosis and current BMI (27.8±5.4 versus 33.4±5.4 kg/m2) showed a significant weight gain (p<0.05). Mean CRP values were higher in women with MetS (p<0.05). In the comparison of tumor characteristics and cancer treatments there was no difference between groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Postmenopausal breast cancer survivors had a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome and central obesity.

Desmame precoce: Falta de conhecimento ou de acompanhamento?

Objective: To assess the knowledge of women and the instructions received on breastfeeding during pregnancy and after childbirth, and their influence on breastfeeding practice. Method: This study was a longitudinal investigation following 84 pairs of mothers and babies from pregnancy through the sixth month of baby's life. In the first phase of the research, interviews were made with the pregnant women at home and at Basic Health Units to collect information about their intentions and knowledge of breastfeeding. In the second phase of the research, mothers and babies were followed up from the first to sixth month of baby's life to record the difficulties of breastfeeding and reasons for weaning. Results: In the first month, 94.3% (82) of the babies were breastfed, but only 49.4% (43) were breastfed exclusively. At the end of the sixth month of life, 43.7% (38) of the babies had already been weaned. No mother breastfed exclusively her baby within the sixth month. During pregnancy, 60.7% (51) of the mothers had no instructions about breastfeeding and 83.4% (70) of the mothers received instructions on breastfeeding after childbirth. Most mothers (76.2%) knew about the ideal breastfeeding period. Seventy-three (86.9%) mothers believed that breastfeeding was beneficial for the baby, but only 41 (48.8%) of them really breastfed. Only 11 (13.1%) mothers were followed up by the public health system team during lactation. Conclusion: Although most women had been instructed during pregnancy or after childbirth and had knowledge of breastfeeding, early weaning occurred. Advising is important, but the support and follow up of the mothers are of utmost importance for a successful breastfeeding practice.

Identificação precoce do risco para transtornos da atenção e da leitura em sala de aula

In this his study the accuracy was investigated of collective pedagogical activities, based on phonological judgments by matching figures and figures to spoken words, to identify students at risk for reading and/or attention disorders. Forty-five second graders (mean age of 7 years, 29 males) were divided into two groups, a control group, without reading difficulties (n=32), and an at-risk group, with reading difficulties (n=13). The low-achievement on these collective activities, defined by scores more than 1.65 SD below the mean of the control group, presented good sensitivity (true positives) and specificity (true negatives) in the early identification of at risk students.

Efeito do exercício aeróbio na menopausa induzida por ooforectomia: estudo clínico, biomecânico e densitométrico em ratas

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Variação da pressão sistólica como indicadora precoce de hipovolemia e guia de reposição volêmica com solução hiperosmótica e hiperoncótica no cão

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Substituição precoce do alimento vivo pelo alimento inerte na larvicultura de acará bandeira (Pterophyllum scalare)

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Estudo clínico, biomecânico e histológico do efeito da menopausa induzida por ooforectomia no tecido ósseo. Modelo experimental em ratas

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Caracterização física e química do solo e avaliação do desenvolvimento de plantas de eucalipto em função do espaçamento e da adubação, visando a colheita precoce para utilização em bioenergia

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação dos efeitos metabólicos da ingestão de quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa) em um grupo de mulheres pós-menopausa - estudo prospectivo, randomizado, duplo cego

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Consumo alimentar, estado nutricional e resposta precoce dos fatores de risco relacionados à síndrome metabólica de pacientes submetidos ao transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas

Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR

Polimorfismos no gene JY-1 e suas associações com probabilidade de prenhez precoce e características de crescimento em novilhas da raça Nelore

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Viabilidade de aplicação da seleção precoce e tamanho de parcelas em testes clonais de Eucalyptus spp

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)