Vertical integration or specialisation: producing and commercialising cotton goods (1815-1913)

This article describes the ways in which cotton goods were commercialised during the nineteenth century and the first third of the twentieth. Several national cases are analysed: Britain, as the Workshop of the World; France, Germany, Switzerland and the US, as core economies; and Italy and Spain as countries on the European periphery. The main question that we address is why some cotton industries vertically integrated their production and commercialisation processes, but others did not. We present a model that combines industrial district size and product differentiation to explain why vertical integration was present in most cases and why there was vertical specialisation in Lancashire and Lowell.

A reforma educacional espanhola: entrevista com Mariano Enguita e Gimeno Sacristán

Os renomados especialistas espanhóis Jose Gimeno Sacristán e Mariano F. Enguita respondem a questões sobre a reforma educacional em seu país. Foram focalizados temas que, a juízo da entrevistadora, podem trazer subsídios para a discussão das políticas aqui implementadas.

Vertical integration or specialisation: producing and commercialising cotton goods (1815-1913)

This article describes the ways in which cotton goods were commercialised during the nineteenth century and the first third of the twentieth. Several national cases are analysed: Britain, as the Workshop of the World; France, Germany, Switzerland and the US, as core economies; and Italy and Spain as countries on the European periphery. The main question that we address is why some cotton industries vertically integrated their production and commercialisation processes, but others did not. We present a model that combines industrial district size and product differentiation to explain why vertical integration was present in most cases and why there was vertical specialisation in Lancashire and Lowell.

Les adieux des fédérés du 14 juillet 1790 ([Reprod.])

Collection : Les archives de la Révolution française ; 6.2.1176

Confédération nationale, ou Récit exact & circonstancié de tout ce qui s'est passé à Paris, le 14 juillet 1790, à la fédération ([Reprod.])

Collection : Les archives de la Révolution française ; 6.2.1151

La flûte et le tambour, ou Le bon tems revenu : dédié à la fédération générale, du 14 juillet 1790 ([Reprod.])

Collection : Les archives de la Révolution française ; 6.2.1130

Détail de la fête fédérative qui aura lieu sous les murs de Paris, en présence du roi et de l'Assemblée-nationale, le 14 juillet 1790 ([Reprod.])

Collection : Les archives de la Révolution française ; 6.2.1108

L'ordre, la marche et les cérémonies qui s'observeront dans la fête nationale qui sera célébrée au Champ de Mars, à l'occasion du pacte fédératif, formé par toutes les gardes nationales & les troupes de ligne du royaume, le 14 juillet 1790, jour de l'anniversaire de la prise de la Bastille ([Reprod.])

Collection : Les archives de la Révolution française ; 6.2.1106