Saving the Australian War Effort in 1916? The Significance and Impact of Global Climatic Conditions and Pests on William Morris Hughes’ Negotiations with the British Government

Taking up the thesis of Dipesh Chakrabarty (2009) that human history (including cultural history) on the one hand and natural history on the other must be brought into conversation more than has been done so in the past, this presentation will focus more closely on the significance and the impact of global climatic conditions and pests on the negotiations that Australian Prime Minister William Morris Hughes carried on with the British government between March and November 1916. Whereas Australia had been able to sell most of its produce in 1914 and 1915 the situation looked more serious in 1916, not least due to the growing shortage in shipping. It was therefore imperative for the Australian government to find a way to solve this problem, not least because it wanted to keep up its own war effort at the pace it had been going so far. In this context intentions to make or press ahead with a contribution to a war perceived to be more total those of the past interacted with natural phenomena such as the declining harvest in many parts of the world in 1916 as a consequence of climatic conditions as well as pests in many parts of the world.

Daniel in der Löwengrube [Illustration]

Alfred Rethel

William Osler: Original Papers 1898-1906

Part 1: 1898-1899 On Chronic Symmetrical Enlargement of the Salivary and Lachrymal Glands, 1898 Leprosy in the United States, with the Report of a Case, 1898 An Acute Myxaedematous Condition, with Tachycardia, Glycosuria, Melaena, Mania and Death, 1898 On some of the Intestinal Features of Typhoid Fever, 1898 Cerebro-Spinal Fever, 1898 The Arthritis of Cerebro-Spinal Fever, 1898 In Memoriam, William Pepper, 1899 After Twenty-Five Years, 1899 The Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever, 1899 Interstitial Processes in the Central Nervous System, 1899 Part 2: 1900 The Home Treatment of Consumption, 1900 On Splenic Anaemia, 1900 The Chronic Intermittent Fever of Endocarditis, 1900 A Case of Multiple Gangrene in Malarial Fever, 1900 Latent Cancer of the Stomach, 1900 On the Study of Tuberculosis, 1900 Fatal Angina Pectoris without Lesions of the Coronary Arteries of a Young Man, 1900 On the Advantages of a Trace of Albumin and a Few Casts in the Urine of Certain Men above Fifty Years of Age, 1900 Part 3: 1901-1902 Congenital Absence of the Abdominal Muscles with Distended Hypertrophied Urinary Bladder, 1901 Intermittent Claudication, 1902 On the Diagnosis of Bilateral Cystic Kidney, 1902 On Amebic Abscess of the Liver, 1902 Note on the Occurrence of Ascites in Solid Abdominal Tumors, 1902 Amebic Dysentery, 1902 Notes on Aneurism, 1902 William Beaumont; a Pioneer American Physiologist, 1902 Part 4: 1903 On the Educational Value of the Medical Society, 1903 On obliteration of the Superior Vena Cava,1903 Chronic Cyanosis, with Polycythemia and Enlarged Spleen: A New Clinical Entity, 1903 The Home and its Relation to the Tuberculosis Problem, 1903 Unity, Peace, and Concord, 1903 Typhoid Fever and Tuberculosis, 1903 Part 5: 1904-1906 Ochronosis, 1904 The “Phthisiologia” of Richard Morton, M.D., 1904 On the Surgical Importance of the Visceral Crises In the Erythema Group of Skin Diseases, 1904 Aneurysm of the Abdominal Aorta, 1905 Back Notes

Phycologia australica; or, A history of Australian sea weeds ... and a synopsis of all known Australian Algae ... By William Henry Harvey.

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Catharine Waugh McCullouch papers in the Mary Earhart Dillon collection, 1869-1945

Collection primarily documents McCulloch's research on women's legal status, and her work with the Illinois Equal Suffrage Association, the National American Woman Suffrage Association, and the League of Women Voters. There is also documentation of women in the legal profession, of McCulloch's friendships with the other women suffragists and lawyers, and some biographical material. The papers contain little information about her family or social life.

Insecta Saundersiana : or, Charcters of undescribed insects in the collection of William Wilson Saunders.

v.4 (1858) [Homoptera]

Payment order for Robert Williams on behalf of William Bradford, 1757 August 16

Handwritten order to John Sale to pay scholarship funds to Robert Williams on behalf of his nephew William Bradford (Harvard AB 1760), signed by Thomas Foxcroft, Charles Chauncey, Thomas Waite, Jonathan Williams, and Daniel Marsh.

[Admittatur of William Lawrence (Harvard AB 1743)], 1739

Notebook with a handwritten copy of the 1735 College laws in English prepared by Harvard undergraduate William Lawrence and signed by President Edward Holyoke, Fellow Nathan Prince, and Tutor Daniel Rogers on September 9, 1739.

A Chaldee grammar, founded upon the writings of Daniel and Ezra, ca. 1776

This manuscript grammar notebook, written in Chaldean Aramaic and English, appears to have originally belonged to William Bentley (Harvard A.B. 1777); Bentley's name and a date, "December 1776," appear on the volume but have been struck through, and the handwriting appears to be his. The names of Elisha Parmele and Polly Parmele are also on the volume; presumably it was given to Elisha by Bentley, and upon Elisha's death in 1784 it was passed to Polly.

William Brattle's testimony against Nathan Prince, Nov. 27, 1741

Brattle claims to have heard Prince say, in regard to Henry Flynt, that "he hop'd to have an opportunity to stomp upon his grave" and that fellow Tutor Daniel Rogers was "a Cursed Fellow, Ignoramus, Blockhead, and that he was not fit to be admitted a freshman."

Guarantee of financial support for student James Savage, signed by William Tudor and John Cooper, 1799 July 25

This legal agreement, a guarantee of financial support for entering student James Savage (A.B. 1803), was signed on July 25, 1799 by his two guarantors, William Tudor and John Cooper. The document was also signed by two witnesses, William Tudor's sons John Henry Tudor and Frederic Tudor. The agreement specifies that, in the event of Savage's failure to settle all financial obligations to the President and Fellows of Harvard College during the course of his studies, the two guarantors would be responsible for a payment of two hundred ounces of silver. It seems that the Tudors and Cooper were relatives of Savage, thus explaining their desire to assure his entry to Harvard by entering into this financial obligation.

Letter from Daniel Upton to James Savage, 1799 September 29

Daniel Upton wrote this letter from Machias, Maine on September 29, 1799; it is addressed to James Savage, who was then a freshman at Harvard College. In the letter, Upton advises Savage to study ardently, avoiding the temptation to procrastinate. He thanks Savage for having sent him a copy of "Mr. Lowell's oration" and sends greetings to a Mr. Holbrook and Mr. Jones. He also passes along the fond wishes of those in Machias who know Savage, including John Cooper and his wife, Phineas Bruce and his wife, and Hannah Bruce (Upton's future wife). Upton explains that he is writing the letter in a hurry because he is sending it on board with Captain Merryman, who is about to set sail, presumably for Boston.

Letters from Thomas Handasyd Perkins to William Tudor,

Four letters in which Perkins relays details of his travels in Europe, local gossip about friends and associates, including John Quincy Adams and Daniel Webster, news regarding developments in Boston infrastructure, and updates on the Boston Athenaeum and the Anthology Society. Other topics include domestics politics and the movements and activities of Tudor’s family members.

Guatemala, 1902 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Guatemala : from official and other sources, prepared in the Bureau of the American republics, William Woodville Rockhill, director, compiled and drawn by M. Hendges, 1902. It was published by Andrew B. Graham, photo-litho. in 1902. Scale 1:792,000. Covers Guatemala and portions of Mexico, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'World Mercator' projection. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, ruins, territorial boundaries including Departamentos, roads, railroads, telegraph stations, mines and minerals, ports of entry, shoreline features, lighthouses, and more. Relief shown by hachures. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection and the Harvard University Library as part of the Open Collections Program at Harvard University project: Organizing Our World: Sponsored Exploration and Scientific Discovery in the Modern Age. Maps selected for the project correspond to various expeditions and represent a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.