Red, black, yellow, Peter, John, Mary...

Alumnos y alumnas de tres años empiezan a aprender un idioma nuevo en las aulas. Esta enseñanza de idiomas desde edades tempranas se manifiesta como la mejor fórmula para favorecer el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera, en un ambiente donde los más pequeños sienten el placer de escuchar y practicar, aprendiendo a través del juego.

Alice, vamos jogar? ensaio sobre a Estrutura da Forma na transição paradigmática

O ensaio deseja indicar pistas para a projectação em Arquitectura, através duma introdução à Teoria Paradigmática que caracteriza e define a nossa contemporaneidade e a Estrutura da Forma. Aflorando a Teoria do Caos e textos de Teoria de Arte que desejam ser rupturas epistemológicas ou seus indicadores, sugere-nos técnicas que pela criatividade se tornam dispositivos para o projecto em Arquitectura. Por fim, é apresentado um caso de estudo de um arquitecto da actualidade, a proposta de Peter Eisenman para Cannaregio. As consequências ambicionadas pelo ensaio são as motivações chave para a criação duma arquitectura mais próxima dos anseios sociais e que através delas existam contributos mais ousados e criativos para uma arquitectura que seja verdadeiramente expressão do pulsar da nossa sociedade.

Local management and landscape drivers of pollination and biological control services in a Kenyan agro-ecosystem

Arthropods that have a direct impact on crop production (i.e. pests, natural enemies and pollinators) can be influenced by both local farm management and the context within which the fields occur in the wider landscape. However, the contributions and spatial scales at which these drivers operate and interact are not fully understood, particularly in the developing world. The impact of both local management and landscape context on insect pollinators and natural enemy communities and on their capacity to deliver related ecosystem services to an economically important tropical crop, pigeonpea was investigated. The study was conducted in nine paired farms across a gradient of increasing distance to semi-native vegetation in Kibwezi, Kenya. Results show that proximity of fields to semi-native habitats negatively affected pollinator and chewing insect abundance. Within fields, pesticide use was a key negative predictor of pollinator, pest and foliar active predator abundance. On the contrary, fertilizer application significantly enhanced pollinator and both chewing and sucking insect pest abundance. At a 1 km spatial scale of fields, there were significant negative effects of the number of semi-native habitat patches within fields dominated by mass flowering pigeonpea on pollinators abundance. For service provision, a significant decline in fruit set when insects were excluded from flowers was recorded. This study reveals the interconnections of pollinators, predators and pests with pigeonpea crop. For sustainable yields and to conserve high densities of both pollinators and predators of pests within pigeonpea landscapes, it is crucial to target the adoption of less disruptive farm management practices such as reducing pesticide and fertilizer inputs.