Information zum nationalen Fischereidatensammlungsprogramm

The EU-Commission has started an initiative to improve the quantity and quality of fishery data. This will improve the quality of fish stock assessments and is expected to implicitly enhance the quality of stock management. By the relevant regulations 1543/2000 and 1639/2001 member states are obliged to establish national programmes for the sampling of data necessary to evaluate the situation of fishery resources and the fishery sector. In this article the German national data sampling programme is described.

Upper level and phase controlling group velocity in V-type system

With the external field coupling the two upper levels, we investigate the light pulse propagation properties with weak probe field in a V-type system. Due to the external upper level (UL) coupling field, the dispersion of the system has been influenced by the relative phase. It is shown that the UL field and the relative phase can be regarded as switches to manipulate light propagation between subluminal and superluminal. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fragmento de placa con letras [---]VIR[---], procedente de Termes (Montejo de Tiermes, Soria). ¿Antropónimo, magistratura o indicación de tribu?

Homenaje a Ignacio Barandiarán Maestu / coord. por Javier Fernández Eraso, Juan Santos Yanguas.

陕西铜川延安组植物群研究

在1991年和1992年秋天，笔者先后两次来到铜川采集标本200余块，进行古植物方面的研究。本文标本主要采集于崔家沟、下石节、焦坪三个矿区，其地层属于延安组宝塔山岩段。论文讨论了植物群落的特征和世代问题，论文引用了数学方法，并提供了该地区古植物特征的系统描述以及古环境问题。

中国黑龙江省嘉荫地区乌云组古果实学研究

白垩纪末至第三纪初（K/T界限，距今约65Ma），恐龙大规模灭绝，爬行类的优势地位被哺乳动物所取代;裸子植物和蕨类急剧衰退，被子植物蓬勃发展，并逐渐成为地表植被的主体，研究这一时期的植物群的结构和特征进而揭示植物演化和环境变迁的规律及其相互关系是当今地球科学、生命科学和环境科学的重要研究内容。黑龙江省嘉荫地区的乌云组产有丰富的植物化石，其地质时代虽未定论，但不超出晚白垩世马斯特里赫特期至早第三纪古新世的范围，处于K/T界限，对其植物群的研究意义重大。乌云植物群以往的研究在古果实学研究方面明显不足、在植物群的性质的认识及乌云组时代的确定等方面存在很大争议。本文重点研究了乌云组的果实和种子化石，增添了新的植物类群，丰富了此植物群的研究内容，对乌云组的时代问题的确定提供了新的证据。 本文研究了乌云组的Nordenskioldia borealis（昆兰树科）、Nyssidium jianyinense sp. nov. （连香树科）、Hypericum zhuii sp. nov. （金丝桃科）、Amersinia obtrullate（广义山茱萸科）、Acer wuyunense sp. nov.（槭树科）等5种果实和种子化石。Nordenskioldia borealis的果无柄、为分果、小果瓣环绕中央柱轮状排列。Nyssidium jianyinense的果序为圆锥果序、蓇葖对生、蓇葖腹缝相对、果皮三层。Hypericum zhuii的种子外形呈长椭圆形、端部具乳突、表面网状、种脊明显、种皮两层、外种皮细胞的垂周壁明显加厚。Amersinia obtrullate果序头状、果镘形、3果室。Acer wuyunense果为翅果、小坚果被明显侧翼、翅强烈下延，包围小坚果。经修订和补充，乌云植物群目前共有维管植物48属60种，其中，蕨类植物4属6种、裸子植物7属7种、被子植物37属48种，被子植物占总种数的80%、占总属数的77%，被子植物占绝对优势。当时的群落类型湿生群落和中生群落类型为主，湿生群落主要有：由Sequoia、Metasequoia、Taxodium、Glyptostrobus等组成的针叶林;以Nyssidium、Trochodendroides占优势的阔叶林。 以Metasequoia占优势的针叶林和以Nyssidium、Trochodendroides等占优势的阔叶林。乌云植物群中热带和亚热带成分占种子植物总属数的54%，而温带成分则占36%，亚热带成分占优势，当时的气候-植被类型为亚热带常绿林或常绿夏绿混交林。Nordenskioldia、Nyssidium、Amersinia、Acer化石的地质分布不早于古新世的地层，这—证据不支持乌云组的地质时代划为晚白垩世，而支持划归古新世的观点。

Diet shifts of juvenile red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) with changes in habitat and fish size

We examined the diets and habitat shift of juvenile red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in the northeast Gulf of Mexico. Fish were collected from open sand-mud habitat (little to no relief), and artificial reef habitat (1-m3 concrete or PVC blocks), from June 1993 through December 1994. In 1994, fish settled over open habitat from June to September, as shown by trawl collections, then began shifting to reef habitat — a shift that was almost completed by December as observed by SCUBA visual surveys. Stomachs were examined from 1639 red snapper that ranged in size from 18.0 to 280.0 mm SL. Of these, 850 fish had empty stomachs, and 346 fish from open habitat and 443 fish from reef habitat contained prey. Prey were identified to the lowest possible taxon and quantified by volumetric measurement. Specific volume of particular prey taxa were calculated by dividing prey volume by individual fish weight. Red snapper shifted diets with increasing size. Small red snapper (<60 mm SL) fed mostly on chaetognaths, copepods, shrimp, and squid. Large red snapper (60–280 mm SL) shifted feeding to fish prey, greater amounts of squid and crabs, and continued feeding on shrimp. We compared red snapper diets for overlapping size classes (70–160 mm SL) of fish that were collected from both habitats (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index and multidimensional scaling analysis). Red snapper diets separated by habitat type rather than fish size for the size ranges that overlapped habitats. These diet shifts were attributed to feeding more on reef prey than on open-water prey. Thus, the shift in habitat shown by juvenile red snapper was reflected in their diet and suggested differential habitat values based not just on predation refuge but food resources as well.

Successful inoculation of Artemia and production of cysts in the coastal saltpans of Bangladesh II

Bangladesh has no naturally occurring Artemia, and all the growing shrimp hatcheries of the country depend entirely on import of cysts from foreign countries. Following successful inoculation of Artemia and production of cysts for the first time in this country in a coastal saltpan (at Chanua, Banskhali) by the senior author (in 1989-90), a similar second attempt was made under this programme in a saltpan (1000 m super(2)) of Demoshia, Chakaria, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh between January and April 1992. A total of 1639.9 g (dry weight) of cysts (i.e. 5.46 kg DW/ha/month) have been produced using the Red Jungle Brand, whereas the previous attempt obtained 517 g of cysts (i.e. 2.07 kg DW/ha/month) using the Great Salt Lake Brand.

Effects of iso-nitrogenous fertilizers as nutrient sources on carp polyculture in Bangladesh

A 120-day long experiment was conducted to find out the effects of urea plus triple super phosphate (UT), cow manure (CM) and poultry manure (PM) having iso-nil:rogen content on pond productivity and fish yield. Three fertilizer treatments, with three replicates each, were randomly assigned into nine earthen ponds of 100 m2 each. The stocking fish were rohu (Labeo ruhita), catla ( Catla catla) and mrigal ( Cirrhinus mrigala) in each treatment pond at the rate of 10000/ha with the ratio of 1:1:1. All ponds were fertilized fortnightly at the rate of 125 kg/ha urea plus 100 kg TSP/ha, 7000 kg/ha cow manure and 3500 kg/ha poultry manure for the treatment of UT, CM and PM, respectively, having an iso-nitrogen content of 56 kg in each. Though the physicochemical water quality parameters were more or less similar in all treatment ponds, the chlorophyll-a content and abundance of total plankton were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the ponds receiving the treatment PM. Final growth as well as per unit production of fish was significantly higher (p

寄生原生动物线粒体与适应性进化

真核生物的线粒体一般具有一定的典型的结构和功能。然而,在单细胞的寄生原生动物中却不断发现从数量、结构到功能均与典型线粒体明显不同的线粒体,表现出线粒体的巨大可塑性和丰富的多样性。该文对寄生原生动物中这些多样的线粒体进行了概述,并对形成这种多样性的根本原因,即这些生物对寄生生活微氧或无氧环境线粒体所发生的种种适应性进化进行了分析探讨。