258 resultados para MSA
Resumo:
http://www.google.com.ar/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=resolucion+989+2005+apruebase+la+guia+aborto+boletin+oficial&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CFAQFjAD&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.glin.gov%2Fdownload.action%3FfulltextId%3D78990%26documentId%3D171525%26glinID%3D171525&ei=UevxT63dC6-e6QHwxKmkCw&usg=AFQjCNEpbQrmouSj92ylE-6CBSIJiSZglA
Resumo:
Continuous condensation particle (CP) observations were conducted from 1984 through 2009 at Neumayer Station under stringent contamination control. During this period, the CP concentration (median 258 1/cm**3) showed no significant long term trend but exhibited a pronounced seasonality characterized by a stepwise increase starting in September and reaching its annual maximum of around 10**3/cm**3 in March. Minimum values below 10**2/cm**3 were observed during June/July. Dedicated time series analyses in the time and frequency domain revealed no significant correlations between inter-annual CP concentration variations and atmospheric circulation indices like Southern Annular Mode (SAM) or Southern Ocean Index (SOI). The impact of the Pinatubo volcanic eruption and strong El Niño events did not affect CP concentrations. From thermodenuder experiments we deduced that the portion of volatile (at 125 °C) and semi-volatile (at 250 °C) particles which could be both associated with biogenic sulfur aerosol, was maximum during austral summer, while during winter non-volatile sea salt particles dominated. During September through April we could frequently observe enhanced concentrations of ultrafine particles within the nucleation mode (between 3 nm and 7 nm particle diameter), preferentially in the afternoon.
Resumo:
We quantified postdepositional losses of methane sulfonate (MSA-), nitrate, and chloride at the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) drilling site in Dronning Maud Land (DML) (75°S, 0°E). Analyses of four intermediate deep firn cores and 13 snow pits were considered. We found that about 26 ± 13% of the once deposited nitrate and typically 51 ± 20% of MSA- were lost, while for chloride, no significant depletion could be observed in firn older than one year. Assuming a first order exponential decay rate, the characteristic e-folding time for MSA- is 6.4 ± 3 years and 19 ± 6 years for nitrate. It turns out that for nitrate and MSA- the typical mean concentrations representative for the last 100 years were reached after 5.4 and 6.5 years, respectively, indicating that beneath a depth of around 1.2-1.4 m postdepositional losses can be neglected. In the area of investigation, only MSA- concentrations and postdepositional losses showed a distinct dependence on snow accumulation rate. Consequently, MSA- concentrations archived at this site should be significantly dependent on the variability of annual snow accumulation, and we recommend a corresponding correction. With a simple approach, we estimated the partial pressure of the free acids MSA, HNO3, and HCl on the basis of Henry's law assuming that ionic impurities of the bulk ice matrix are localized in a quasi-brine layer (QBL). In contrast to measurements, this approach predicts a nearly complete loss of MSA-, NO3 - , and Cl-.
Resumo:
Tabla de contenidos: OTIUM y TOLMAN : Catulls Sappho-Gedicht, c.51, RHM 131, 1988, 324-337 / Eckard Lefèbre. La mujer en los poemas breves polimétricos de Catulo / Lía M. Galán. Muerte y apoteosis en Horacio / María Delia Buisel de Sequeiros. Neotéricos y augusteos en las Sátiras de Horacio / Arturo R. Alvarez Hernández. tà mésa y aurea mediocritas, Píndaro y Horacio / Silvia Ester Saraví. El mito de Hércules en Catulo 68 / Guillermo Brandolino.
Resumo:
The chemistry of snow and ice cores from Svalbard is influenced by variations in local sea ice margin and distance to open water. Snow pits sampled at two summits of Vestfonna ice cap (Nordaustlandet, Svalbard), exhibit spatially heterogeneous soluble ions concentrations despite similar accumulation rates, reflecting the importance of small-scale weather patterns on this island ice cap. The snow pack on the western summit shows higher average values of marine ions and a winter snow layer that is relatively depleted in sulphate. One part of the winter snow pack exhibits a [SO4-/Na+] ratio reduced by two thirds compared with its ratio in sea water. This low sulphate content in winter snow is interpreted as the signature of frost flowers, which are formed on young sea ice when offshore winds predominate. Frost flowers have been described as the dominant source of sea salt to aerosol and precipitation in ice cores in coastal Antarctica but this is the first time their chemical signal has been described in the Arctic. The eastern summit does not show any frost flower signature and we interpret the unusually dynamic ice transport and rapid formation of thin ice on the Hinlopen Strait as the source of the frost flowers.
Resumo:
The ice cap on Berkner Island is grounded on bedrock within the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf and is, therefore, expected to be a well-suited place to retrieve long-term ice-core records reflecting the environmental situation of the Weddell Sea region. Shallow firn cores were drilled to 11 m at the two main summits of Berkner Island and analysed in high depth resolution for electrical d.c. conductivity (ECM), stable isotopes, chloride, sulphate, nitrate and methane-sulphonate (MSA). From the annual layering of dD and non-sea-salt (nss) sulphate, a mean annual snow accumulation of 26.6 cm water at the north dome and 17.4 cm water at the south dome are obtained. As a result of ineffective wind scouring indicated by a relatively low near-surface snow density, regular annual cycles are found for all species at least in the upper 4-5 m. Post depositional changes are responsible for a substantial decrease of the seasonal dD and nitrate amplitude as well as for considerable migration of the MSA signal operating below a depth of 3-4 m. The mean chemical and isotopic firn properties at the south dome correspond to the situation on the Filchner-Ronne Ice shelf at a comparable distance to the coast, whereas the north dome is found to be more influenced by maritime air masses. Persistent high sea-salt levels in winter snow at Berkner Island heavily obscure the determination of nss sulphate probably due to sulphate fractionation in the Antartic sea-salt aerosols. Estimated time-scales predict ages at 400 m depth to be ca. 2000 years for the north and ca. 3000 years for the south dome. Pleistocene ice is expected in the bottom 200 and 300 m, respectively.
Resumo:
From November 2004 to December 2007, size-segregated aerosol samples were collected all-year-round at Dome C (East Antarctica) by using PM10 and PM2.5 samplers, and multi-stage impactors. The data set obtained from the chemical analysis provided the longest and the most time-resolved record of sea spray aerosol (sea salt Na+) in inner Antarctica. Sea spray showed a sharp seasonal pattern. The highest values measured in winter (Apr-Nov) were about ten times larger than in summer (Dec-Mar). For the first time, a size-distribution seasonal pattern was also shown: in winter, sea spray particles are mainly submicrometric, while their summer size-mode is around 1-2 µm. Meteorological analysis on a synoptic scale allowed the definition of atmospheric conditions leading sea spray to Dome C. An extreme-value approach along with specific environmental based criteria was taken to yield stronger fingerprints linking atmospheric circulation (means and anomalies) to extreme sea spray events. Air mass back-trajectory analyses for some high sea spray events allowed the identification of two major air mass pathways, reflecting different size distributions: micrometric fractions for transport from the closer Indian-Pacific sector, and sub-micrometric particles for longer trajectories over the Antarctic Plateau. The seasonal pattern of the SO4**2- /Na+ ratio enabled the identification of few events depleted in sulphate, with respect to the seawater composition. By using methanesulphonic acid (MSA) profile to evaluate the biogenic SO4**2- contribution, a more reliable sea salt sulphate was calculated. In this way, few events (mainly in April and in September) were identified originating probably from the "frost flower" source. A comparison with daily-collected superficial snow samples revealed that there is a temporal shift between aerosol and snow sea spray trends. This feature could imply a more complex deposition processes of sea spray, involving significant contribution of wet and diamond dust deposition, but further work has to be carried out to rule out the effect of wind re-distribution and to have more statistic significance.
Resumo:
Sub-micron marine aerosol particles (PM1) were collected during the MERIAN cruise MSM 18/3 between 22 June 2011 and 21 July 2011 from the Cape Verde island Sao Vicente to Gabun crossing the tropical Atlantic Ocean and passing equatorial upwelling areas. According to air mass origin and chemical composition of the aerosol particles, three main regimes could be established. Aerosol particles in the first part of the cruise were mainly of marine origin, in the second part was marine and slightly biomass burning influenced (increasing tendency) and in the in last part of the cruise, approaching the African mainland, biomass burning influences became dominant. Generally aerosols were dominated by sulfate (caverage = 1.99 µg/m**3) and ammonium ions (caverage = 0.72 µg/m**3) that are well correlated and slightly increasing along the cruise. High concentrations of water insoluble organic carbon (WISOC) averaging 0.51 µg/m**3 were found probably attributed to the high oceanic productivity in this region. Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) was strongly increasing along the cruise from concentrations of 0.26 µg/m**3 in the mainly marine influenced part to concentrations up to 3.3 µg/m**3 that are probably caused by biomass burning influences. Major organic constituents were oxalic acid, methansulfonic acid (MSA) and aliphatic amines. MSA concentrations were quite constant along the cruise (caverage = 43 ng/m**3). While aliphatic amines were more abundant in the first mainly marine influenced part with concentrations of about 20 ng/m**3, oxalic acid showed the opposite pattern with average concentrations of 12 ng/m**3 in the marine and 158 ng/m**3 in the biomass burning influenced part. The alpha dicarbonyl compounds glyoxal and methylglyoxal were detected in the aerosol particles in the low ng/m**3 range and followed oxalic acid closely. MSA and aliphatic amines accounted for biogenic marine (secondary) aerosol constituents whereas oxalic acid and the alpha dicarbonyl compounds were believed to result mainly from biomass burning. N-alkane concentrations increased along the cruise from 0.81 to 4.66 ng/m**3, PAHs and hopanes were abundant in the last part of the cruise (caverage of PAHs = 0.13 ng/m**3, caverage of hopanes = 0.19 ng/m**3). Levoglucosan was identified in several samples of the last part of the cruise in concentrations around 2 ng/m**3, pointing to (aged) biomass burning influences. The investigated organic compounds could explain 9.5% of WSOC in the mainly marine influenced part (dominating compounds: aliphatic amines and MSA) and 2.7% of WSOC in the biomass burning influenced part (dominating compound: oxalic acid) of the cruise.
Resumo:
Registros isotópicos de oxigênio obtidos em alta resolução das estalagmites CL2 e MAG das cavernas Calixto e Marota, região da Chapada Diamantina (CD) (12ºS), Estado da Bahia, sul do Nordeste brasileiro (sNEB), permitiram reconstituir as mudanças passadas da precipitação entre 165-128 e 59-39 mil anos A.P. Para a reconstituição paleoclimática considerou-se resultados de um estudo de calibração realizado em duas cavernas da CD o qual demonstrou uma relação entre composição isotópica da água meteórica e de gotejamento e sugeriu um ambiente adequado para a deposição do espeleotema em condições equilíbrio e/ou próximas com a água de gotejamento. A interpretação da paleoprecipitação através dos registros isotópicos \'\'delta\' POT.18\'O das estalagmites também foi baseada na relação entre composição isotópica da água da precipitação e a quantidade de chuva obtidos em estações da IAEA-GNIP no Brasil e de simulações das variações do \'\'delta\' POT.18\'O da chuva através do modelo climático ECHAM-4. Esses dados indicaram o efeito quantidade (amount effect) como fator preponderante de controle isotópico da água da chuva que formam os espeleotemas na CD, significando que a diminuição dos valores de \'\'delta\' POT.18\'O está associada ao aumento do volume de chuvas e vice-versa. Os registros de \'\'delta\' POT.18\'O dos espeleotemas permitiram reconstituir a variação da paleoprecipitação na escala orbital e milenar durante o penúltimo glacial bem como correlacionar mudanças na paleoprecipitação no sNEB com eventos milenares registrados na Groelândia no último glacial. Os registros da CD indicaram um aumento (diminuição) da paleoprecipitação na Bahia relacionado a diminuição (aumento) da insolação austral de verão a 10ºS durante o penúltimo glacial, similar ao observado no último ciclo precessional. Na escala orbital os registros da CD estiveram em antifase com os paleoindicadores isotópicos do Sudeste brasileiro e em fase com os valores de\'\'delta\' POT.18\'O dos espeleotemas do leste da China. Esse padrão de precipitação é similar ao observado na última glaciação e sugere que a variação na insolação de verão afetou as monções sul-americanas (MSA) promovendo mudanças na precipitação no sNEB no penúltimo glacial. Condições áridas no sNEB durante o aumento da insolação de verão estariam provavelmente associadas ao aprofundamento da subsidência de ar provocado pelo fortalecimento da circulação leste-oeste da MSA devido ao aumento das atividades convectivas na Amazônia o que teria, favorecido um posicionamento mais a sul da Zona de Convergência do Atlântico Sul (ZCAS). O oposto também ocorreria durante as fases de baixa insolação de verão quando a MSA estaria provavelmente mais desintensificada. Durante o penúltimo glacial (Terminação Glacial II) abruptas oscilações nos registros da CD para valores mais baixos de \'\'delta\' POT.18\'O indicaram um profundo aumento da precipitação coincidente com o evento Heinrich (H11). Nesse período a paleoprecipitação no sNEB esteve correlacionada negativamente com as mudanças climáticas na China e no oeste amazônico (Peru) e positivamente com o Sudeste brasileiro. Interpretou-se que as anomalias positivas da precipitação no sNEB podem ter estado relacionadas ao deslocamento para sul da Zona de Convergência Intertropical (ZCIT) bem como com a intensificação da MSA e ZCAS nesse período. Finalmente, oscilações isotópicas abruptas para valores mais altos observadas durante o estágio marinho isotópico 3 coincidentes com os eventos quentes registrados na Groelândia, denominados de eventos Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO), foram interpretados como a ocorrência de eventos muito secos no sNEB. Essas variações da precipitação na escala milenar, que estão em fase com os registros no Peru, podem ter estado relacionadas ao deslocamento para norte da ZCIT o que teria promovido uma profunda desintensificação da MSA.
Resumo:
Contains data similar to that found in the County and City Databook, but on the state and MSA (Metropolitan Statistical Areas) levels.
Feasibility study of response techniques for discharges of hazardous chemicals that float on water /
Resumo:
Final report, issued Oct. 1976.
Resumo:
"Report no. CG-D-58-80."
Resumo:
"Printed 1994"--T.p. verso.