946 resultados para Livros antigos
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo examinar a potencialidade analítica do estudo dos instrumentos científicos antigos na escrita da história do ensino de Ciências, a partir da organização de uma coleção de objetos, pertencentes ao laboratório de Física da Escola Estadual Bento de Abreu, localizada em Araraquara (SP). Levando-se em conta que os instrumentos da coleção podem ser relacionados a propostas para o ensino de Ciências e de Física formuladas, em nosso país, na primeira metade do século XX, apresenta-se aqui, com base na legislação, um resumo sobre os estudos científicos no currículo do ensino secundário até 1961. Na discussão, argumenta-se que, embora apresentem algumas dificuldades como fontes de pesquisa, os instrumentos oferecem, sem dúvida, uma contribuição valiosa como objetos de estudo, alargando as possibilidades de compreensão do projeto histórico de difusão das ciências na educação escolar brasileira.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Educação - FCT
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Historicamente, as escolas assumiram como missão o disciplinamento de crianças e jovens, supostamente com o objetivo de adequá-los ao convívio e às normas sociais. Um dos instrumentos criados para exercer este ofício são os chamados Livros de Ocorrências, existentes nas escolas desde a década de 1920. Neste contexto, buscamos compreender como esses livros têm sido utilizados nas escolas atualmente, como esta utilização tem sido interpretada pelos professores e quais os sentidos dos registros. Em nossa análise apontamos que os registros têm pouca efetividade em termos de favorecimento à aprendizagem do aluno, mas que exercem uma função de disciplinamento e normalização. Pôde-se também apontar, com base na análise de entrevistas com os professores, nas quais utilizamos a técnica de grupo focal, que os registros tendem a ganhar um novo significado, de proteção da escola e dos professores, ainda que esta proteção possa ser compreendida mais como simbólica do que propriamente efetiva.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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We evaluated study of the indexing process in the cataloging at university libraries, using a socio-cognitive approach to analyze procedures, difficulties and perceptions of librarians, users, and managers. The methodology consisted of the Individual and Group Verbal Protocols applied in university libraries. The results were the absence of procedures for book subject analysis and representation, incompatibility of indexing language, and problems of subject retrieval from the catalog. We have concluded that is tendency of catalogs to act as databases. Therefore, the cataloguer should present a posture of commitment similar to that of an indexer who works in the production of these bases.
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The indexing is a kind of description whose aim is to establish concepts expressed in a document and representing them according to a documentary language. There are elements that can contribute to a more complete selection of terms that will represent the document, like the observation of its textual structure and the context where the indexing professional acts. The analysis of the book textual structure can be carried out in a way that facilitates the indexing, as the professional can foresee the parts of the text where he localizes and identifies the more representative terms of the textual content. In such a way, it is intended to comprehend and inquire, with the applying of Verbal Protocol, the use that São Paulo libraries indexers do from the textual structure during the determination of subjects in such a way as to obtain the disclosure of their procedures, difficulties and restrictions through the externalization of thoughts during the recording of the indexing task. From the data analysis, it was possible to find out that the right hand page, the back of the title page, the chapters and other parts of the book s structure provided the greater number of terms, becoming the most important ones for the indexing task.
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The documentary representation in indexing is carried out, at first, in the analysis of subjects to establish the intrinsic and extrinsic aboutness, and then, in the translation stage using the documentary language. The representation by concepts for determining the intrinsic aboutness during the subject analysis is shown by the Documentary Reading Model for indexing of scientific texts and books, Therefore, it was carried out a search on documentary reading for cataloguers for indexing books in academic libraries. A research on catalogers’ documentary reading for indexing books was carried out in nine university libraries. The application of the introspective technique of Individual Verbal Protocol with the catalogers allowed an analysis of subject cataloguing procedures, which made it possible to verify the textual structure parts of a book, as well as to locate the terms identified and selected. The results led to an adaptation of the Documentary Reading Model to book indexing.
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This article tells the experience of some scholarship holders of Subproject PIBID Pedagogy Literacy FFC, who have developed, between its activities: planning, analysis, confection and adequacy of books of infantile histories so that they can be read and better understood for a child with visual deficiency. The idea arose from the fact that the school in which the pupil is enrolled does not have in its collection such resources. The books followed the criteria of adequacy and present in the literature of specific preparation area and the results pointed to the schoolgirl showed interest and motivation to run the task to read the stories with the adjustments that are made.
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The colection História Nova do Brasil, produced and published in the early 1960s by a group of intellectuals of the Instituto Superior de Estudos Brasileiros (ISEB), has become a field of discussion and debate among military and the left after 1964. Accused of promoting communist subversion, the collection had a new methodology to analyze the history of Brazil, with marxist approach. For this and other reasons, copies were seized by military agencies and the authors were indicted in military investigations, accused of violating the National Security Law.