Efeito do extrato aquoso de folhas de guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess) no controle do crescimento de Microcystis aeruginosa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Urbanização, turismo e seus impactos nos recursos naturais no município de Ilhabela - SP

The urbanization process in the Brazilian cities is directly linked to its main economic activities, and causes several impacts on the natural resources. It can be seen at the city of Ilhabela, an archipelago located at the north coast of the state of São Paulo, that still has a great area of preserved Atlantic Rainforest, and where today the tourism is the main economic activity. With this in sight, this paper aimed to make a prospect of the current situation of the city, looking at the main aspects of its economic and urban development and the environmental impacts related to them. Among the aspects studied, are the irregular occupations at preservation areas on the island: the pressure on the sea ecosystems by the fishing and the boat circulation, and at the beaches by the tourists flow. Were also observed the characteristics of the city’s urban infrastructure, such as the water supply, sewer and road networks and the waste collecting. Finally, it was analyzed the way that the government acts over the preservation of the island’s natural resources, by the Municipality and the Ilhabela State Park, so that the acting of these two agents could be compared

Alternativas de subsistência da comunidade Caiçara/Quilombola do sertão da fazenda, no núcleo Picinguaba do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Ubatuba-SP

As populações tradicionais têm sido valorizadas devido à importância do conhecimento popular associado à biodiversidade local e como forma de valorização do patrimônio cultural nacional. Nos últimos anos, as comunidades do litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo sofreram profundas mudanças na sua estrutura social e econômica, provocadas pela especulação imobiliária, modernização e expansão urbana, sobreposição de território com Unidade de Conservação (UC) e pelo turismo crescente. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar as alternativas de subsistência da Comunidade Remanescente de Quilombo da Fazenda, localizada no interior do Núcleo Picinguaba do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, em Ubatuba-SP, e sua inter-relação com a UC, o turismo e a urbanização da região, principalmente no tocante à agricultura e à produção de farinha de mandioca. Para isso, durante o período de maio de 2008 a junho de 2009 foram realizadas entrevistas semi estruturadas com os chefes dos 35 domicílios habitados da comunidade, além de observação participante, pesquisa documentária e análises etnobotânicas. Foram inventariadas e categorizadas as plantas úteis cultivadas ou espontâneas nos quintais e roças. Os resultados indicam que a população mais jovem tem se fixado na comunidade e constituído novas famílias. Entre os eventos que possibilitam essa permanência estão a instalação de infraestrutura, como estradas de acesso e luz elétrica, que facilitou o acesso aos bens e serviços externos à comunidade; a política de compatibilidade entre UC e população tradicional e o sentimento de pertencimento ao território tradicional. A agricultura de subsistência é a principal atividade desenvolvida na comunidade, seguida pelos serviços turísticos de alta temporada e pelos serviços gerais. Devido às políticas de conservação instituídas pela UC, ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Uso dos recursos naturais em unidade de conservação de proteção integral: o caso do sertão do Ubatumirim, Núcleo Picinguaba do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar

O Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo compõe uma região estratégica, notada pela importância de suas Áreas Protegidas (AP), sobretudo, pela presença humana em Unidades de Conservação (UC), um tema cada vez mais presente no debate sobre a proteção ambiental em territórios ocupados por grupos tradicionais que exercem uso diferenciado dos recursos naturais. Diante desse contexto, torna-se uma necessidade, viabilizar diretrizes para a gestão territorial ao possibilitar o compartilhamento das decisões acerca do uso do território, visando à conservação ambiental e proteção da cultura remanescente dos grupos sociais residentes no interior das UC. O presente trabalho busca dimensionar os aspectos de interação com o ambiente, através das formas de uso mantidas sobre os recursos naturais, como característica de reprodução sociocultural, premissa à proteção e manutenção do modo de vida das famílias residentes do Núcleo Picinguaba do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar no município de Ubatuba-SP. No intuito de compatibilizar diretrizes para o planejamento da UC, evidenciou-se a relação da formação histórica da área, tal como, a interação exercida sobre ao ambiente e a resistência territorial, ao abordar a questão cultural e o modo de vida dos residentes tradicionais da Zona Histórico-Cultural Antropológica (ZHCAn) do Sertão do Ubatumirim. Foram sistematizadas informações para uma abordagem teórico-conceitual a respeito da cultura tradicional caiçara e do recorte geográfico do território, possibilitando a compreensão da dinâmica de produção do espaço em uma área ambientalmente protegida. A partir dessa caracterização da área foram indicadas zonas prioritárias ao planejamento territorial, voltado ao ordenamento ambiental e à gestão do uso dos recursos naturais em uma abordagem diferenciada na relação do ordenamento para as áreas...

Aplicação da análise fatorial em cidades do Vale do Paraíba considerando os objetivos do milênio

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

A gênese e a distribuição socioespacial das chuvas no município de Ubatuba-SP

This monograph aims to contribute to the understanding and analysis of extreme events and its correlation with anthropogenic actions, in order to understand the levels of human interference in the environment and to identify potential social and environmental damage that such events may result in Ubatuba, located on the northern coast of São Paulo state. Therefore, two strategies were established, on one hand, episodic analysis of extreme weather events, and on the other, the analysis of the impact of atmospheric phenomena in everyday society. In this case we gave greater emphasis to analysis years that had higher total rainfall. In this sense, the research was based on the standard deviation technique and percentages, which supported to characterize the exceptional rainy years, in addition, use of rhythm analysis technique that has helped to identify the active atmospheric systems. From a qualitative point of view, field works were carried out in order to make use of news by the local press and civil defense for years considered extreme (positive standard deviation). From this, it was analyzed how the extreme episodes of rainfall trigger repercussions in geographic space. Also the spatial distribution of rainfall were carried out by means of quantitative analysis of six rain gauges. It was found that the highest occurrences of impacts, are located in the central areas of the city, as well as the highest rainfall totals. In fact, Ubatuba/SP suffers from very high rainfall totals and has a singularity on the climate...

Bombeamento e tratamento da fase livre em Aquífero Litorâneo

High fuel consumption and its inadequate control in fuel stations caused the pollution of soil and aquifers. These consequences created more concern with the increased exploration of aquifers to supply the groundwater demand. The objective of this study was to evaluate the eficiency and efectiveness of the of pump and treat technique of the water applied to the Coastal Aquifer in the cleaning up of the plumes produced by the leaking of fuel in the gas station Auto Posto Baía do Sol Ltda. The gas station is located in São Sebastião, in the north coast of São Paulo State. In the case of Auto Posto Baía do Sol Ltda., the technique of pump and treat was eficient and the plume produced by the leakage was completely removed. However, the efectiveness of this technique was low due to the long time required for the complete operation.

A paisagem da Mata Atlântica do estado do Rio Grande do Norte: remanescentes, configuração espacial e disponibilidade de habitat

The Atlantic Forest in Rio Grande do Norte (RN) is included in Pernambuco biogeographic sub-region and it is composed by Semi-deciduous Forest, deciduous Forest, Mangrove and Restinga. We assessed the conservation status of Atlantic Forest in the RN through remnants mapping using high resolution satellite images and landscape ecology approaches. We evaluated if there is difference between the north and south coastal regions considering their natural a historical land use differences. We also assessed the influence of the small remnants on landscape cover and configuration. The proportion of the original biome area with remnants larger than 3 hectares is 15.60% for the official governmental limit and is 16.60% for the alternative limit (SNE, 2002). This remnants proportion varies between 0.56 and 46.52% in the hydrographic basins. 89.70% of the remnants are smaller than 50 hectares. Only 6.00% of the remnants are greater than 100 hectares, and these remnants are responsible by 65% of remaining area. The patches with smaller area influence all calculated metrics. The south coastal hydrographic basins have higher percentage of coverage of remnants, larger patch densities and fragments with larger areas than north coastal hydrographic basins. The diffuse drainage basins of the southern coastal have the highest percentage of coverage with remnants. 18.28% and 10% of the biome area are protected by reserves, according to the official governmental and alternative limits respectively. The reserves are mainly of sustainable use (IUCN V-VI). Therefore, the Atlantic Forest in Rio Grande do Norte is in critical situation, with low proportion of remaining area and high fragmentation level. It’s indispensable to biome conservation keep all the remaining area, especially the large remnants, and restore areas to increase remnants proportion and to increase landscape connectivity

Diversidade de macroalgas marinhas bentônicas dos recifes de Maracajaú, área de preservação ambiental dos recifes de corais, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

Despite the importance of coral reefs to humanity, these environments have been threatened throughout the world. Several factors contribute to the degradation of these ecosystems. The Maracajaú Reef Complex, in Rio Grande do Norte state is part of the Coral Reefs Environment Preservation Area in northeastern Brazil. This area has been receiving an increasing influx of tourism and the integrity of the local reefs is a matter of concern. In this study, the reef macroalgae communities were studied and compared within two areas distinguished by the presence or absence of tourism activities. Two sample sites were chosen: the first one, where diving activities are intense; and the other, where these practices do not occur. Samples were collected at both sites within a quadrate of 625 cm2 of area randomly thrown 5 times along a 10 meters transect line. Richness, Shannon-Hill diversity and Simpson dominance indices were determined based on biomass data. Similarity between sites was analyzed with Bray-Curtis similarity and distance index. Fifty-eight macroalgae species were observed, including 7 Chlorophyta, 13 Phaeophyta and 38 Rhodophyta. In the non-disturbed site, 49 species were found, while at the disturbed site, there were 42 species. Dictyotaceae and Corallinaceae were the most representative families at the non-disturbed site, and Rhodomelaceae and Dictyotaceae at the disturbed site. The non-disturbed site presented a higher biomass and the greatest richness and diversity indices. In the disturbed site the dominance index was greater and Caulerpa racemosa was the dominant species. The dendogram based on similarity index showed two major clusters, and an isolated element at the center that corresponds to a sample from the disturbed site. In the first cluster, samples from the non-impacted site were predominant and fleshy brown algae were more conspicuous. The second cluster was composed primarily of samples from the impacted site, where C. racemosa and red filamentous and erect calcareous algae associations (turf forming) were observed covering large extensions. These associations are represented by groups of algae adapted to environments where disturbances are frequent. They can grow rapidly on substrate where benthic community was removed and do not allow the establishment of other species. The results of the present study show that tourism activity is an impacting factor that has been causing shifts in macroalgae communities in the Maracajaú Reef Complex

Feeding habits of the shortnose guitarfish, Zapteryx brevirostris (Müller and Henle, 1841) (Elasmobranchii, Rhinobatidae) in southeastern Brazil

Foram estudados os hábitos alimentares da raia-viola-de-focinho-curto, Zapteryx brevisrostris, com base em 382 espécimes coletados no litoral norte de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. A dieta mostrou predominância de crustáceos (carídeos e anfípodes), anelídeos poliquetos e ocasionalmente pequenos peixes, sipunculídeos e cefalópodes. A dieta de machos e fêmeas mostrou-se similar, entretanto, juvenis, subadultos e adultos demonstraram diferenças na composição de presas. As frequências dos itens diferiram ao longo do ano, provavelmente influenciadas por fatores oceanográficos, embora, em geral, a espécie se alimente predominantemente de crustáceos e poliquetos.

Diversidade de macroalgas marinhas bentônicas dos recifes de Maracajaú, área de preservação ambiental dos recifes de corais, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

Despite the importance of coral reefs to humanity, these environments have been threatened throughout the world. Several factors contribute to the degradation of these ecosystems. The Maracajaú Reef Complex, in Rio Grande do Norte state is part of the Coral Reefs Environment Preservation Area in northeastern Brazil. This area has been receiving an increasing influx of tourism and the integrity of the local reefs is a matter of concern. In this study, the reef macroalgae communities were studied and compared within two areas distinguished by the presence or absence of tourism activities. Two sample sites were chosen: the first one, where diving activities are intense; and the other, where these practices do not occur. Samples were collected at both sites within a quadrate of 625 cm2 of area randomly thrown 5 times along a 10 meters transect line. Richness, Shannon-Hill diversity and Simpson dominance indices were determined based on biomass data. Similarity between sites was analyzed with Bray-Curtis similarity and distance index. Fifty-eight macroalgae species were observed, including 7 Chlorophyta, 13 Phaeophyta and 38 Rhodophyta. In the non-disturbed site, 49 species were found, while at the disturbed site, there were 42 species. Dictyotaceae and Corallinaceae were the most representative families at the non-disturbed site, and Rhodomelaceae and Dictyotaceae at the disturbed site. The non-disturbed site presented a higher biomass and the greatest richness and diversity indices. In the disturbed site the dominance index was greater and Caulerpa racemosa was the dominant species. The dendogram based on similarity index showed two major clusters, and an isolated element at the center that corresponds to a sample from the disturbed site. In the first cluster, samples from the non-impacted site were predominant and fleshy brown algae were more conspicuous. The second cluster was composed primarily of samples from the impacted site, where C. racemosa and red filamentous and erect calcareous algae associations (turf forming) were observed covering large extensions. These associations are represented by groups of algae adapted to environments where disturbances are frequent. They can grow rapidly on substrate where benthic community was removed and do not allow the establishment of other species. The results of the present study show that tourism activity is an impacting factor that has been causing shifts in macroalgae communities in the Maracajaú Reef Complex

Inclusão, necessidades especiais e Educação Fisica : considerações sobre a ação pedagogica no ambiente escolar

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Headland-bay beach planform stability of Santa Catarina State and of the Northern Coast of São Paulo State

This paper presents the results of the planform stability classification for the headland-bay beaches of the State of Santa Catarina and of the Northern Coast of São Paulo, based on the application of the Parabolic Bay-Shape Equation (PBSE) to aerial images of the beaches, using the software MEPBAY®. For this purpose, georeferenced mosaics of the QuickBird2® satellite imagery (for the State of Santa Catarina) and vertical aerial photographs (for the northern coast of São Paulo State) were used. Headland-bay beach planform stability can be classified as: (1) in static equilibrium, (2) in dynamic equilibrium, (3) unstable or (4) in a state of natural beach reshaping. Static equilibrium beaches are the most frequent along the coast of the State of Santa Catarina and the Northern Shore of São Paulo, notably along the most rugged sectors of the coast and those with experiencing lower fluvial discharge. By comparison, dynamic equilibrium beaches occur primarily on the less rugged sectors of the coast and along regions with higher fluvial discharge. Beaches in a state of natural beach reshaping have only been found in SC, associated with stabilized estuarine inlets or port breakwaters. However, it is not possible to classify any of these beaches as unstable because only one set of images was used. No clear relation was observed between a beach's planform stability and other classification factors, such as morphodynamics or orientation.

Flow cytometry as a tool in the evaluation of blood leukocyte function in Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758) (Testudines, Cheloniidae)

Chelonia mydas is a sea turtle that feeds and nests on the Brazilian coast and a disease called fibropapillomatosis is a threat to this species. Because of this, it is extremely necessary to determine a methodology that would enable the analysis of blood leukocyte function in these sea turtles. In order to achieve this aim, blood samples were collected from C. mydas with or without fibropapillomas captured on the São Paulo north coast. Blood samples were placed in tubes containing sodium heparin and were transported under refrigeration to the laboratory in sterile RPMI 1640 cell culture medium. Leukocytes were separated by density gradient using Ficoll-PaqueTM Plus, Amershan Biociences®. The following stimuli were applied in the assessment of leukocyte function: Phorbol Miristate-Acetate (PMA) for oxidative burst activity evaluation and Zymosan A (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Bio Particles®, Alexa Fluor® 594 conjugate for phagocytosis evaluation. Three cell populations were identified: heterophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. Monocytes were the cells responsible for phagocytosis and oxidative burst.

O ciclo de festas para São Benedito das Piabas

A dissertação intitulada “O ciclo de Festas para São Benedito das Piabas” visa compreender a relação entre as práticas religiosas festivas e a afirmação/reafirmação de identidades e territorialidades de dois grupos tradicionais no litoral norte do estado do Espírito Santo: os quilombolas integrantes do Baile dos Congos de São Benedito do Território do Sapê do Norte e os pescadores da comunidade de Barreiras na ilha de Guriri (ambos localizados no município de Conceição da Barra), tendo como foco de estudo o ciclo festivo para São Benedito das Piabas através dos grupos de Baile de Congos de São Benedito e de Jongo das Barreiras. Falar em festas no Brasil é falar de mediações estabelecidas entre diferentes culturas, de celebrações coletivas envolventes, com performances próprias a cada ator, em cada “comunidade” festiva, de modos de apropriação e ressignificação de elementos oficiais, tais como datas históricas estabelecidas pelo Estado ou pela igreja, e também de criações próprias às “comunidades” festivas (AMARAL, 1998). A partir do conceito de “construção cultural”, entendido como um processo de demarcação de fronteiras étnicas que fortalecem, ou mesmo criam, sentimentos de unidade em um dado grupo de famílias que, assim, realizam em conjunto a elaboração simbólica de valores e visões de mundo, se construindo culturalmente como grupos distintos em suas redes de relações sociais (TASSINARI, 2003), penso as relações sociais estabelecidas para e na realização das festas para São Benedito das Piabas. Um processo de constante construção cultural e afirmação comunitária. Apoiado na reflexão das categorias locais “nossa tradição”, “nosso ritmo” e do modo de tradução criativa do conceito de “tradição” busco compreender as teias de significados elaborados na construção cultural de ambos os grupos abordados no presente estudo.