CoS: a new perspective of operating systems design for the cyber-physical world

Our day-to-day life is dependent on several embedded devices, and in the near future, many more objects will have computation and communication capabilities enabling an Internet of Things. Correspondingly, with an increase in the interaction of these devices around us, developing novel applications is set to become challenging with current software infrastructures. In this paper, we argue that a new paradigm for operating systems needs to be conceptualized to provide aconducive base for application development on Cyber-physical systems. We demonstrate its need and importance using a few use-case scenarios and provide the design principles behind, and an architecture of a co-operating system or CoS that can serve as an example of this new paradigm.

Criação de uma Framework Modular Vocacionada para o Desenvolvimento de Videojogos

Os videojogos são cada vez mais uma das maiores áreas da indústria de entretenimento, tendo esta vindo a expandir-se de ano para ano. Para além disso, os videojogos estão cada vez mais presentes no nosso dia-adia, quer através dos dispositivos móveis ou das novas consolas. Com base nesta premissa, é seguro de afirmar que o investimento neste campo trará mais ganhos do que perdas. Esta Dissertação tem como objetivo o estudo do estado da indústria dos videojogos, tendo como principal foco a conceção de um videojogo, a partir duma Framework Modular, desenvolvida também no âmbito desta Dissertação. Para isso, é feito um estudo sobre o estado da arte tecnológico, onde várias ferramentas de criação de videojogos foram estudadas e analisadas, de forma a perceber as forças e fraquezas de cada uma, e um estudo sobre a arte do negócio, ficando assim com uma ideia mais concreta dos vários pontos necessários para a criação de um videojogo. De seguida são discutidos os diferentes géneros de videojogos existentes e é conceptualizado um pequeno videojogo, tendo ainda em conta os diferentes tipos de interfaces que são mais utilizados na indústria dos videojogos, de forma a entender qual será a forma mais viável, conforme o género, e as diferentes mecânicas presentes no videojogo a criar. A Framework Modular é desenvolvida tendo em conta toda a análise previamente realizada, e o videojogo conceptualizado. Esta tem como grande objetivo uma elevada personalização e manutenibilidade, sendo que todos os módulos implementados podem ser substituídos por outros sem criar conflitos entre si. Finalmente, de forma a unir todos os temas analisados ao longo desta Dissertação, é ainda desenvolvido um Protótipo de forma a comprovar o bom funcionamento da Framework, aplicando todas as decisões previamente feitas.

Desenvolvimento de microfluídica em papel para utilização em biossensores

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Biomédica

Desenvolvimento de dispositivos microfluídicos 3D em papel para utilização em biossensores

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Biomédica

Desenvolvimento de um teste de diagnóstico rápido para a deteção de malária em amostras clínicas

A malária é uma doença infeciosa transmitida através da picada de um mosquito fêmea Anopheles infetado com o parasita protozoário do género Plasmodium (P.), sendo o P. falciparum a espécie mais mortal. É responsável pela morte de milhares de pessoas por ano, nomeadamente nos países em vias desenvolvimento, países esses que não detêm as condições necessárias para a prática da microscopia ótica em larga escala, que continua nos dias de hoje a ser a técnica de eleição para o diagnóstico da doença. A conceção de testes de baixo custo e de fácil utilização tais como os testes de diagnóstico rápido (TDR) são uma mais-valia no diagnóstico deste tipo de doenças. A presente dissertação centra-se no desenvolvimento de um TDR num formato competitivo, baseado em nanopartículas de ouro (AuNP) funcionalizadas com ácido mercaptoundecanoico (MUA) ou com o pentapétido Cys-Ala-Leu-Asn-Asn (CALNN) e conjugadas com um anticorpo monoclonal anti-PfHRP2 que reconhece especificamente a proteína rica em histidina 2 produzida pelo P. falciparum (PfHRP2). Para isso, utilizou-se uma tecnologia inovadora na conceção do TDR, a tecnologia lab on paper, que utiliza o papel Whatman nº1. Os estudos de estabilidade de AuNP funcionalizadas com citrato de sódio, MUA ou CALNN por variação da força iónica e pH do meio mostraram que o pentapéptido CALNN é o agente de revestimento mais resistente a oscilações de força iónica, comparativamente com o citrato de sódio e o MUA e que apenas as AuNP revestidas com citrato de sódio atingiram o ponto de agregação ao pKa da molécula de revestimento. Os principais resultados obtidos aquando do desenvolvimento do TDR revelaram que o valor de diluição ótima de anticorpo anti-IgG (solução mãe a 11 mg.mL-1) imobilizado na linha de controlo é de 1:40 e 1:90, utilizando para deteção os bionanoconjugados AuNP-MUA-Anticorpo e AuNP-CALNN-Anticorpo, respetivamente. Com a aplicação da solução AuNP-CALNN-Anticorpo visualizou-se o aparecimento de cor vermelha na linha de teste, o que demonstra a deteção do antigénio pelos bionanoconjugados. A deteção ocorreu com a aplicação de 2,5 μL de PfHRP2 a 1,5 mg.mL-1. Numa análise global após a aplicação de culturas de sangue não infetadas ou infetadas com o parasita da malária, obteve-se cor na linha de controlo com uma diluição de 1:20 do anticorpo anti-IgG imobilizado. Em relação à linha de teste, na presença de culturas não infetadas, obteve-se sinal na mesma aplicando bionanoconjugados AuNP-MUA-Anticorpo e 2,5 μL de PfHRP2 a 2,6 mg.ml-1.

Poly-N-acetyl glucosamine expression in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm cells affects the immune response and promotes tissue pathology in infected hosts

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a biofilm - forming bacterium and a leading etiological agent of nosocomial infections. The ability to establish biofilms on indwelling medical devices is a key virulence factor for this bacterium. Still, the influence of poly - N - acetyl glucosamine (PNAG), the major component of the extracellular biofilm matrix, in the host immune response has been scarcely studied. Here, t h is influence was assessed in mice challenged i.p. with PNAG - p roducing (WT) and isogenic - mutant lacking PNAG (M10) bacteria grown in biofilm - inducing conditions. Faster bacterial clearance was observed in the mice infected with WT bacteria than in M10 - infected counterparts , which w as accompanied by earlier neutrophil recruitment and higher IL - 6 production. Interestingly, in the WT - infected mice, but not in those infected with M10 , elevated serum IL - 10 was detected . To further study the effe ct of PNAG in the immune response, mice were primed with WT or M10 biofilm bacteria and subsequently infected with WT biofilm - released cells. WT - primed mice presented a higher frequency of splenic IFN - γ + and IL - 17 + CD4 + T cells, and more severe liver patho logy than M10 - primed counterparts. Nevertheless, T reg cells obtained from the WT - primed mice presented a higher suppressive function than those obtained from M10 - primed mice. This effect was abrogated when IL - 10 - deficient mice were similarly primed and infected indicating that PNAG promotes the differentiati on of highly suppressive T reg cells by a mechanism dependent on IL - 10. Altogether, these results provide evidence help ing explain ing the coexistence of inflammation and bacterial persistence often observed in biofilm - originated S. epidermidis infections

Flow cytometry analyses of calcification propensity

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Biomédica (área de especialização em Engenharia Clínica)

Creació d'IP Cores en una plataforma NIOS: metodologia de disseny

NIOS és el processador que Altera empra en els seus dissenys SOC (System On Chip). Per tal de facilitar-ne el seu ús, Altera també proporciona una plataforma de desenvolupament SOPC (System On Programable Chip) que agilitza enormement el disseny d’aquests sistemes. Així doncs, aquest projecte està centrat en la definició metodològica per a la creació d'IP Cores en una plataforma NIOS.

Mujeres inmigradas y prácticas sociolegales en situaciones de violencia en la pareja: diferencias, desigualdades y disidencias en los contextos de atención

La investigación aborda el problema de la violencia de género dentro de la pareja en mujeres inmigrantes. El objetivo es conocer el impacto de los dispositivos sociolegales sobre las propias mujeres inmigrantes, a la vez que se conoce como el fenómeno de la inmigración ha influido en las prácticas institucionales. Los resultados indican efectos de protección y a la vez efectos perversos en los dispositivos sociolegales que se cuidan de las mujeres inmigradas. Se hacen propuestas para una intervención más situada y reflexiva.

The trail making test as a screening instrument for driving performance in older drivers; a translational research.

BACKGROUND: In many countries, primary care physicians determine whether or not older drivers are fit to drive. Little, however, is known regarding the effects of cognitive decline on driving performance and the means to detect it. This study explores to what extent the trail making test (TMT) can provide indications to clinicians about their older patients' on-road driving performance in the context of cognitive decline. METHODS: This translational study was nested within a cohort study and an exploratory psychophysics study. The target population of interest was constituted of older drivers in the absence of important cognitive or physical disorders. We therefore recruited and tested 404 home-dwelling drivers, aged 70 years or more and in possession of valid drivers' licenses, who volunteered to participate in a driving refresher course. Forty-five drivers also agreed to undergo further testing at our lab. On-road driving performance was evaluated by instructors during a 45 minute validated open-road circuit. Drivers were classified as either being excellent, good, moderate, or poor depending on their score on a standardized evaluation of on-road driving performance. RESULTS: The area under the receiver operator curve for detecting poorly performing drivers was 0.668 (CI95% 0.558 to 0.778) for the TMT-A, and 0.662 (CI95% 0.542 to 0.783) for the TMT-B. TMT was related to contrast sensitivity, motion direction, orientation discrimination, working memory, verbal fluency, and literacy. Older patients with a TMT-A ≥ 54 seconds or a TMT-B ≥ 150 seconds have a threefold (CI95% 1.3 to 7.0) increased risk of performing poorly during the on-road evaluation. TMT had a sensitivity of 63.6%, a specificity of 64.9%, a positive predictive value of 9.5%, and a negative predictive value of 96.9%. CONCLUSION: In screening settings, the TMT would have clinicians uselessly consider driving cessation in nine drivers out of ten. Given the important negative impact this could have on older drivers, this study confirms the TMT not to be specific enough for clinicians to justify driving cessation without complementary investigations on driving behaviors.

Genotyping microarray for CSNB-associated genes.

PURPOSE: Congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous retinal disease. Although electroretinographic (ERG) measurements can discriminate clinical subgroups, the identification of the underlying genetic defects has been complicated for CSNB because of genetic heterogeneity, the uncertainty about the mode of inheritance, and time-consuming and costly mutation scanning and direct sequencing approaches. METHODS: To overcome these challenges and to generate a time- and cost-efficient mutation screening tool, the authors developed a CSNB genotyping microarray with arrayed primer extension (APEX) technology. To cover as many mutations as possible, a comprehensive literature search was performed, and DNA samples from a cohort of patients with CSNB were first sequenced directly in known CSNB genes. Subsequently, oligonucleotides were designed representing 126 sequence variations in RHO, CABP4, CACNA1F, CACNA2D4, GNAT1, GRM6, NYX, PDE6B, and SAG and spotted on the chip. RESULTS: Direct sequencing of genes known to be associated with CSNB in the study cohort revealed 21 mutations (12 novel and 9 previously reported). The resultant microarray containing oligonucleotides, which allow to detect 126 known and novel mutations, was 100% effective in determining the expected sequence changes in all known samples assessed. In addition, investigation of 34 patients with CSNB who were previously not genotyped revealed sequence variants in 18%, of which 15% are thought to be disease-causing mutations. CONCLUSIONS: This relatively inexpensive first-pass genetic testing device for patients with a diagnosis of CSNB will improve molecular diagnostics and genetic counseling of patients and their families and gives the opportunity to analyze whether, for example, more progressive disorders such as cone or cone-rod dystrophies underlie the same gene defects.

Valoración experiencial del aprendizaje tras formación virtual.

[eng] An observable study on the behaviour in the laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology II (pharmaceutical pilot plant), with two groups of students of 3rd course (proactive aptitude and valuation of the"knowledge to do acquired") is carried out. The variable between groups is that one has realised a training (by means of self-study of an interactive application multimedia, especially designed), without tutorship on behalf the teacher in front of the other group that carried out the same training with the same material but with the guide of the teacher in the computer lab. On the one hand it is valued if there is some effect differentiator between both types of training, by means of the accounting of the correct results obtained in a previous test to the entrance in the pilot plant and by another one the valuation that the professors made responsible for the groups of practices in situ. The results demonstrate the previous hypothesis that there must not be significant differences between the groups, beyond the inherent ones to personality of the students itself (interest and personal implication by the subject). On the other hand the test for the observation in the laboratory did not facilitate the distinction of objective differences. [spa] Se lleva a cabo un estudio observacional sobre el comportamiento de los estudiantes (aptitud pro-activa y valoración del “saber hacer adquirido”) en el laboratorio de Tecnología Farmacéutica II (planta piloto farmacéutica) de dos grupos de estudiantes de 3er curso. La variable entre los dos grupos es que uno ha realizado una formación no presencial (mediante el autoestudio de una aplicación interactiva multimedia, especialmente diseñada), sin tutoría por parte del profesor, frente al otro grupo que llevó a cabo la misma formación con el mismo material pero con la guía del profesor en el aula de informática. Por una parte se valora si hay algún efecto diferenciador entre ambos tipos de formación, mediante la contabilización de los resultados correctos obtenidos en un test previo a la entrada en la planta piloto y por otro la valoración que hicieron los profesores responsables de los grupos de prácticas in situ. Los resultados demuestran la hipótesis previa de que no debían existir diferencias significativas entre los grupos, más allá de las inherentes a la propia personalidad de los estudiantes (interés e implicación personal por el tema). Por otra parte el test para la observación en el laboratorio no facilitó la distinción de diferencias objetivas.

FPGA-Based Control Design for Power Electronic Applications

Tehoelektoniikkalaitteella tarkoitetaan ohjaus- ja säätöjärjestelmää, jolla sähköä muokataan saatavilla olevasta muodosta haluttuun uuteen muotoon ja samalla hallitaan sähköisen tehon virtausta lähteestä käyttökohteeseen. Tämä siis eroaa signaalielektroniikasta, jossa sähköllä tyypillisesti siirretään tietoa hyödyntäen eri tiloja. Tehoelektroniikkalaitteita vertailtaessa katsotaan yleensä niiden luotettavuutta, kokoa, tehokkuutta, säätötarkkuutta ja tietysti hintaa. Tyypillisiä tehoelektroniikkalaitteita ovat taajuudenmuuttajat, UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) -laitteet, hitsauskoneet, induktiokuumentimet sekä erilaiset teholähteet. Perinteisesti näiden laitteiden ohjaus toteutetaan käyttäen mikroprosessoreja, ASIC- (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) tai IC (Intergrated Circuit) -piirejä sekä analogisia säätimiä. Tässä tutkimuksessa on analysoitu FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) -piirien soveltuvuutta tehoelektroniikan ohjaukseen. FPGA-piirien rakenne muodostuu erilaisista loogisista elementeistä ja niiden välisistä yhdysjohdoista.Loogiset elementit ovat porttipiirejä ja kiikkuja. Yhdysjohdot ja loogiset elementit ovat piirissä kiinteitä eikä koostumusta tai lukumäärää voi jälkikäteen muuttaa. Ohjelmoitavuus syntyy elementtien välisistä liitännöistä. Piirissä on lukuisia, jopa miljoonia kytkimiä, joiden asento voidaan asettaa. Siten piirin peruselementeistä voidaan muodostaa lukematon määrä erilaisia toiminnallisia kokonaisuuksia. FPGA-piirejä on pitkään käytetty kommunikointialan tuotteissa ja siksi niiden kehitys on viime vuosina ollut nopeaa. Samalla hinnat ovat pudonneet. Tästä johtuen FPGA-piiristä on tullut kiinnostava vaihtoehto myös tehoelektroniikkalaitteiden ohjaukseen. Väitöstyössä FPGA-piirien käytön soveltuvuutta on tutkittu käyttäen kahta vaativaa ja erilaista käytännön tehoelektroniikkalaitetta: taajuudenmuuttajaa ja hitsauskonetta. Molempiin testikohteisiin rakennettiin alan suomalaisten teollisuusyritysten kanssa soveltuvat prototyypit,joiden ohjauselektroniikka muutettiin FPGA-pohjaiseksi. Lisäksi kehitettiin tätä uutta tekniikkaa hyödyntävät uudentyyppiset ohjausmenetelmät. Prototyyppien toimivuutta verrattiin vastaaviin perinteisillä menetelmillä ohjattuihin kaupallisiin tuotteisiin ja havaittiin FPGA-piirien mahdollistaman rinnakkaisen laskennantuomat edut molempien tehoelektroniikkalaitteiden toimivuudessa. Työssä on myösesitetty uusia menetelmiä ja työkaluja FPGA-pohjaisen säätöjärjestelmän kehitykseen ja testaukseen. Esitetyillä menetelmillä tuotteiden kehitys saadaan mahdollisimman nopeaksi ja tehokkaaksi. Lisäksi työssä on kehitetty FPGA:n sisäinen ohjaus- ja kommunikointiväylärakenne, joka palvelee tehoelektroniikkalaitteiden ohjaussovelluksia. Uusi kommunikointirakenne edistää lisäksi jo tehtyjen osajärjestelmien uudelleen käytettävyyttä tulevissa sovelluksissa ja tuotesukupolvissa.

Valoración experiencial del aprendizaje tras formación virtual.

[eng] An observable study on the behaviour in the laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology II (pharmaceutical pilot plant), with two groups of students of 3rd course (proactive aptitude and valuation of the"knowledge to do acquired") is carried out. The variable between groups is that one has realised a training (by means of self-study of an interactive application multimedia, especially designed), without tutorship on behalf the teacher in front of the other group that carried out the same training with the same material but with the guide of the teacher in the computer lab. On the one hand it is valued if there is some effect differentiator between both types of training, by means of the accounting of the correct results obtained in a previous test to the entrance in the pilot plant and by another one the valuation that the professors made responsible for the groups of practices in situ. The results demonstrate the previous hypothesis that there must not be significant differences between the groups, beyond the inherent ones to personality of the students itself (interest and personal implication by the subject). On the other hand the test for the observation in the laboratory did not facilitate the distinction of objective differences. [spa] Se lleva a cabo un estudio observacional sobre el comportamiento de los estudiantes (aptitud pro-activa y valoración del “saber hacer adquirido”) en el laboratorio de Tecnología Farmacéutica II (planta piloto farmacéutica) de dos grupos de estudiantes de 3er curso. La variable entre los dos grupos es que uno ha realizado una formación no presencial (mediante el autoestudio de una aplicación interactiva multimedia, especialmente diseñada), sin tutoría por parte del profesor, frente al otro grupo que llevó a cabo la misma formación con el mismo material pero con la guía del profesor en el aula de informática. Por una parte se valora si hay algún efecto diferenciador entre ambos tipos de formación, mediante la contabilización de los resultados correctos obtenidos en un test previo a la entrada en la planta piloto y por otro la valoración que hicieron los profesores responsables de los grupos de prácticas in situ. Los resultados demuestran la hipótesis previa de que no debían existir diferencias significativas entre los grupos, más allá de las inherentes a la propia personalidad de los estudiantes (interés e implicación personal por el tema). Por otra parte el test para la observación en el laboratorio no facilitó la distinción de diferencias objetivas.

A design and a prototype for a mobile information service for tourists

Tourism is one of the biggest industry branches with billions of tourists traveling every year around the world. Therefore, solutions providing tourist information have to be up to date with both changes in the industry and the world’s technological progress. The aim of this thesis is to present a design and a prototype of a tourist mobile service which is individual-oriented, cost-free for the end user, and secure. On the information providers’ side, the solution is implemented as a Webbased database. The end users access the information through a Bluetooth application on their mobile devices. The Bluetooth-based solution allows to avoid any costs for the end users, that is tourists. The study shows that, even with small data transfers, the tourists could save significantly when compared to possible roaming charges for data transfer. Also, the proposed mobile service is not intrusive, as it is provided through an application installed by tourists voluntarily on their mobile devices. Through design and implementation this work shows that it is possible to build a system which can be used to provide information services to tourists through mobile phones. The work achieved a successful ongoing synchronization between the client and the server databases. Implementation and usage were limited to smart phones only, as they provide better technological support for the solution having features like maps, GPS, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and Databases. Moreover, the design of this system shows how Bluetooth technology can be used effectively as a means of communication while minimizing its shortcomings and risks, such as security, by bypassing Bluetooth server service discovery protocol (SDP) and connecting directly to the device. Apart from showing the design and implementation of the end-user costfree mobile information service, the results of this work also highlight the possible business opportunities to the provider of the service.