Traducción y manipulación: el caso de Ezra Pound

Eguíluz, Federico; Merino, Raquel; Olsen, Vickie; Pajares, Eterio; Santamaría, José Miguel (eds.)

Combined Fluorescent-Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization for Identification and Laser Microdissection of Interphase Chromosomes

Chromosome territories constitute the most conspicuous feature of nuclear architecture, and they exhibit non-random distribution patterns in the interphase nucleus. We observed that in cell nuclei from humans with Down Syndrome two chromosomes 21 frequently localize proximal to one another and distant from the third chromosome. To systematically investigate whether the proximally positioned chromosomes were always the same in all cells, we developed an approach consisting of sequential FISH and CISH combined with laser-microdissection of chromosomes from the interphase nucleus and followed by subsequent chromosome identification by microsatellite allele genotyping. This approach identified proximally positioned chromosomes from cultured cells, and the analysis showed that the identity of the chromosomes proximally positioned varies. However, the data suggest that there may be a tendency of the same chromosomes to be positioned close to each other in the interphase nucleus of trisomic cells. The protocol described here represents a powerful new method for genome analysis

Sistema de transmisión de información entre bases de datos distribuidas

En este artículo describiremos cómo se ha realizado un Sistema para controlar la Información generada en una Base de Datos distribuida en lugares alejados geográficamente. La diferencia frente a otros sistemas más sofisticados radica en la economía, y la flexibilidad de la solución propuesta. El sistema de comunicaciones se instala sobre un soporte físico de extrema sencillez; con ello se consigue una instalación muy económica.

Traducción y construcción cultural

Santamaría, José Miguel; Pajares, Eterio; Olsen, Vickie; Merino, Raquel; Eguíluz, Federico (eds.)

ATP Antagonizes Thrombin-Induced Signal Transduction through 12(S)-HETE and cAMP

15 p.

Papel de las GTPasas de la familia rho en la señalización mediada por el receptor P2X7

El objetivo de este proyecto es estudiar la señalización del receptor P2X7 en respuesta a ATP en macrófagos J774A.1 y en células CHO K1. Para ello, se subclonó el gen que codifica para la proteína P2X7 en el vector PMT2 HA AA. Este plásmido fue transfectado a células CHO K1, J774.A1 y HEK 293T para distintas pruebas como la movilización de calcio intracelular para comprobar si ambos tipos celulares muestran la misma señal, y además se miró la expresión de este receptor y si su activación mediada por ATP se traduce en la activación de proteínas de la familia Rho. Se ha visto que las J774A.1 expresan funcionalmente el receptor P2X7, mientras que las CHO K1 muestran una respuesta funcional diferente que no se corresponde con la clásica señalización del P2X7 asociado a la apertura del canal y posterior poro. Además, al expresar el receptor en celúlas HEK 293T, se ha visto de una manera indirecta, midiendo la fosforilación de PAK, que la ruta de rac se regula de forma positiva cuando se activa el receptor P2X7 en macrófagos.

Software de control desarrollado en ROS para teleoperar de manera eficiente el robot Kuka Lightweight mediante el háptico Phantom Omni

La teleoperación o telerobótica es un campo de la robótica que se basa en el control remoto de robots esclavo por parte de un usuario encargado de gobernar, mediante un dispositivo maestro, la fuerza y movimiento del robot. Sobre dicho usuario recaen también las tareas de percepción del entorno, planificación y manipulación compleja. Concretamente se pretende desarrollar el control software necesario para teleoperar un manipulador esclavo, Kuka Lightweigh mediante un dispositivo háptico Phamton Omni, que se comporta como maestro, sin que afecten las diferencias dinámicas y estructurales existentes entre ambos dispositivos, aportando información adicional al operador para facilitar la operación. La principal motivación de la evolución de esta tecnología se debe a la necesidad de realizar trabajos en entornos hostiles, de difícil acceso, o perjudiciales para la salud del usuario.

Terapia celular para el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Alzheimer: angiogénesis terapéutica inducida por células microencapsuladas secretoras del factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular

197 p. (Bibliogr. 189-197)

Hydrazides and hydrazones as versatile Michael-Donors for iminium-catalyzed conjugate addition reactions

396 : il., graf.

Laugarren mundua: herri indigenen erbeste ekintza, onespen eta aldaketa eragile nazioarteko harremanetan 1992-2007

[EUS] Jasandako kolonizazioaren poderioz herri indigenak domestikatu eta ikusezinak bihurtu egin dituzte urte askotan. Gauzak erabat aldatu egin dira azken bolada honetan indigenek martxan kanpo ekintzari esker gai izan baitira euren irudia eta nazioarteko agenda propioa bultzatzeko. Era honetan lortu egin dute aktore berri bezala nazioarteko erkidegoan onartuak izatea, eta ondorioz sustatu egin dituzte euren aldeko gertatu diren hainbat aldaketa garrantzitsuak. Hauen artean aipamen berezia merezi du Herri Indigenen Eskubideen Aldeko Aldarrikapen Unibertsalak, 2007an onartu zena. Doktorego tesi honetan herri indigenek nazioartean propio aritzeko sorturiko Laugarren Mundua delako mugimenduaren azterketa egiten da. Errotik mugimendu antikolonialista izanik kolonialismo uhin ezberdinek sorturiko egoera aztertzen da. Geroxeago honen aurka aritu izan den mundo mailako mugimendu indigenaren sorrera, agenda eta ekimen eremu nagusiak aztertu direlarik. Ekintza eremuen artean aipamen berezia merezi dute giza eskubideen eremuan zein ekologian egindakoak.

Activación de aldehídos a,b-insaturados mediante aminocatálisis en procesos enantioselectivos. Cicloadiciones (3+2) y reacciones en cascada Michael/Henry

During the research that it is summarized in the present memory, the activation of enals via iminium ion catalysis in different transformations has been studied. Firstly, a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between stable azomethine ylides and a,b-unsaturated aldehydes catalyzed by a chiral imidazolidinone derivative has been optimized. Employing this methodology we have synthesized a large range of densely substituted pyrroloisoquinolines and pyrrolophthalazines with good yields and high values of diastereo- and enantioselectivity. Moreover, a mechanistic study has been carried out based on DFT calculations and experimental data which have allowed us to propose that the (3+2) cycloaddition reaction follows a sequential Michael addition/Mannich cyclization pathway. The formation of the iminium ion as a result of the condensation between the a,b-unsaturated aldehyde and the catalyst plays an essential role, regarding both reactivity and stereoselectivity. On the other hand we have developed a methodology to carry out a cascade Michael/Henry reaction followed by a sequential dehydration. Starting from simple substrates (2-nitromethylacrilates and a,b-unsaturated aldehydes) and employing a prolinol-derivative catalyst a series of quiral nitrocyclohexadienes have been synthesized.

1-42 beta-Amyloid peptide requires PDK1/nPKC/Rac 1 pathway to induce neuronal death

1-42 beta-Amyloid (A beta(1-42)) peptide is a key molecule involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Some of its effects are manifested at the neuronal morphological level. These morphological changes involve loss of neurites due to cytoskeleton alterations. However, the mechanism of A beta(1-42) peptide activation of the neurodegenerative program is still poorly understood. Here, A beta(1-42) peptide-induced transduction of cellular death signals through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/phosphoinositol- dependent kinase (PDK)/novel protein kinase C (nPKC)/Rac 1 axis is described. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of PDK1 and nPKC activities blocks Rac 1 activation and neuronal cell death. Our results provide insights into an unsuspected connection between PDK1, nPKCs and Rac 1 in the same signal-transduction pathway and points out nPKCs and Rac 1 as potential therapeutic targets to block the toxic effects of A beta(1-42) peptide in neurons.

Malaria Vaccine Adjuvants: Latest Update and Challenges in Preclinical and Clinical Research

There is no malaria vaccine currently available, and the most advanced candidate has recently reported a modest 30% efficacy against clinical malaria. Although many efforts have been dedicated to achieve this goal, the research was mainly directed to identify antigenic targets. Nevertheless, the latest progresses on understanding how immune system works and the data recovered from vaccination studies have conferred to the vaccine formulation its deserved relevance. Additionally to the antigen nature, the manner in which it is presented (delivery adjuvants) as well as the immunostimulatory effect of the formulation components (immunostimulants) modulates the immune response elicited. Protective immunity against malaria requires the induction of humoral, antibody-dependent cellular inhibition (ADCI) and effector and memory cell responses. This review summarizes the status of adjuvants that have been or are being employed in the malaria vaccine development, focusing on the pharmaceutical and immunological aspects, as well as on their immunization outcomings at clinical and preclinical stages.

Evidence for classification of c.1852_1853AA > GC in MLH1 as a neutral variant for Lynch syndrome

Background: Lynch syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant inherited cancer syndrome characterized by early onset cancers of the colorectum, endometrium and other tumours. A significant proportion of DNA variants in LS patients are unclassified. Reports on the pathogenicity of the c.1852_1853AA>GC (p.Lys618Ala) variant of the MLH1 gene are conflicting. In this study, we provide new evidence indicating that this variant has no significant implications for LS. Methods: The following approach was used to assess the clinical significance of the p.Lys618Ala variant: frequency in a control population, case-control comparison, co-occurrence of the p.Lys618Ala variant with a pathogenic mutation, co-segregation with the disease and microsatellite instability in tumours from carriers of the variant. We genotyped p.Lys618Ala in 1034 individuals (373 sporadic colorectal cancer [CRC] patients, 250 index subjects from families suspected of having LS [revised Bethesda guidelines] and 411 controls). Three well-characterized LS families that fulfilled the Amsterdam II Criteria and consisted of members with the p.Lys618Ala variant were included to assess co-occurrence and co-segregation. A subset of colorectal tumour DNA samples from 17 patients carrying the p.Lys618Ala variant was screened for microsatellite instability using five mononucleotide markers. Results: Twenty-seven individuals were heterozygous for the p.Lys618Ala variant; nine had sporadic CRC (2.41%), seven were suspected of having hereditary CRC (2.8%) and 11 were controls (2.68%). There were no significant associations in the case-control and case-case studies. The p.Lys618Ala variant was co-existent with pathogenic mutations in two unrelated LS families. In one family, the allele distribution of the pathogenic and unclassified variant was in trans, in the other family the pathogenic variant was detected in the MSH6 gene and only the deleterious variant co-segregated with the disease in both families. Only two positive cases of microsatellite instability (2/17, 11.8%) were detected in tumours from p.Lys618Ala carriers, indicating that this variant does not play a role in functional inactivation of MLH1 in CRC patients. Conclusions: The p.Lys618Ala variant should be considered a neutral variant for LS. These findings have implications for the clinical management of CRC probands and their relatives.

Design and synthesis of quasi-diastereomeric molecules with unchanging central, regenerating axial and switchable helical chirality via cleavage and formation of Ni(II)–O and Ni(II)–N coordination bonds

9 p.