Impacto de un negocio inclusivo en Bogotá

En el año 2011 la humanidad alcanzó la población de 7.000 millones de personas, sin embargo, hay una creciente preocupación ya que más del 50% de la humanidad se encuentra en una situación de pobreza. Quienes se encuentran dentro de esta situación, carecen de una calidad de vida por no tener cubiertas sus necesidades básicas y contar con un bajo nivel de ingresos, el cual no le permite acceder a productos y/o servicios para alcanzar una mejor condición de vida. Esta situación de pobreza en la cual vive más de la mitad de la población mundial, hace un llamado para analizar la oportunidad de incursionar en este mercado, a través de iniciativas empresariales donde estas personas, sean incluidas como productores, proveedores, distribuidores o como consumidores, contando con un comercio justo entre las partes que consolide una relación gana-gana, entre la empresa y sus colaboradores. En este trabajo de grado se tratarán los siguientes temas: base de la pirámide, necesidades básicas y Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio; como apertura a las condiciones sociales en las cuales operan los Negocios Inclusivos, para concluir con un caso de estudio de la empresa Factoria Quinoa y su impacto social, económico y ambiental como un ejemplo de cómo se puede utilizar mecanismos de mercado para solucionar problemas sociales.

The institutional environment and its influence on political options to Protect Winnipeg’s Female garments Workers against the impact of globalization

The principal objective of this paper is to identify the relationship between the re­sults of the Canadian policies implemented to protect female workers against the impact of globalization on the garment industry and the institutional setting in which this labour market is immersed in Winnipeg. This research paper begins with a brief summary of the institutional theory appro­ach that sheds light on the analysis of the effects of institutions on the policy options to protect female workers of the Winnipeg garment industry. Next, this paper identi­fies the set of beliefs, formal procedures, routines, norms and conventions that cha­racterize the institutional environment of the female workers of Winnipeg’s garment industry. Subsequently, this paper descri­bes the impact of free trade policies on the garment industry of Winnipeg. Afterward, this paper presents an analysis of the ba­rriers that the institutional features of the garment sector in Winnipeg can set to the successful achievement of policy options addressed to protect the female workforce of this sector. Three policy options are considered: ethical purchasing; training/retraining programs and social engage­ment support for garment workers; and protection of migrated workers through promoting and facilitating bonds between Canada’s trade unions and trade unions of the labour sending countries. Finally, this paper concludes that the formation of isolated cultural groups inside of factories; the belief that there is gender and race discrimination on the part of the garment industry management against workers; the powerless social conditions of immi­grant women; the economic rationality of garment factories’ managers; and the lack of political will on the part of Canada and the labour sending countries to set effective bilateral agreements to protect migrate wor­kers, are the principal barriers that divide the actors involved in the garment industry in Winnipeg. This division among the prin­cipal actors of Winnipeg’s garment industry impedes the change toward more efficient institutions and, hence, the successful achievement of policy options addressed to protect women workers. 

Política de la lengua. Enunciados, poder y sociedad

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar que el lenguaje está íntimamente vinculado con el mundo social y que aclarar tal relación depende de considerar en un mismo plano de dependencia a los enunciados y a las acciones –lo que obliga considerar al lenguaje como un tipo de comportamiento compartido. Eso quiere decir que el lenguaje no sirve solamente a las necesidades de la vida social como medio de intercomprensión. Sobre un fondo relativamente autónomo –caracterizable en las consideraciones sobre los matices semánticos introducidos por las significaciones implícitas– el lenguaje funciona en condiciones de realización que son relaciones sociales altamente segmentadas y jerarquizadas. La hipótesis es que el lenguaje se realiza socialmente, en la medida en que facilita a los individuos una forma de contacto. También insistimos en que como punto de partida para el análisis del carácter social del lenguaje es necesario reconocer el valor performativo que tienen los enunciados en cuanto comportan, en el ámbito de los hechos del habla, un cierto poder realizativo ajustado a condiciones sociales que determinan los caminos de tal realización.-----The aim of this article is to show that the language is intimately linked with the social world and that to clarify such a relation depends on considering in the same plane of dependence the enunciates and the actions - what it leads to consider the language as a type of shared behavior. That means that the language not only serves to the needs of the social life as way of interunderstanding. On a bottom relatively autonomous –caracterizable in the considerations on the semantic shades introduced by the implicit significances– the language works in conditions of accomplishment that are social relations highly segmented and ranked The hypothesis is that the language is made in the measure in which it facilitates a form of contact to the individuals. Also we insist that as point of item (game) for the analysis of the social character of the language it is necessary to recognize the interpretative value that has the enunsates in all that they endure, in the area of the facts of the speech, a certain execute-power fitted to social conditions that determine the ways of such a accomplishment.

Característiques socioeconòmiques i estructura física del centre històric de Lleida

Es presenta el gruix dels resultats producte de l’encàrrec realitzat per l’Ajuntament de Lleida a la Càtedra de Geografia Humana de la Universitat de Lleida sobre l’anàlisi de les dades referides a població, activitat econòmica i característiques de l’edificació i de la fàbrica urbana del centre històric de la ciutat

Recerca sobre les necessitats socials de la gent gran de 80 i més anys que viuen soles a la ciutat d'Olot

Investigació socioeducativa que estudia les necessitats socials de les persones de més de 80 anys que viuen soles a la ciutat d’Olot. Els objectius de la recerca són descriure, explicar i comprendre les característiques i les necessitats socials d’aquesta població i contribuir a millorar les pràctiques de les polítiques locals referents als plans d’atenció a gent gran i Serveis Socials. La principal tècnica per recollir les dades ha estat un qüestionari d’elaboració expressa per aquesta investigació, contestat per 400 persones

Aproximación a la realidad socio-económica marroquí mediante una red de aprendizaje cooperativo

Esta comunicación presenta las prácticas llevadas a cabo en el marco del proyecto de Innovación Docente 'Construcción de una red de aprendizaje cooperativo para el análisis aplicado del contexto socioeconómico marroquí', valorado positivamente por la ANECA y subvencionado por la unidad de Innovación Docente de la Universidad de Granada (UGR). El proyecto se inserta en una doble línea: descubrir la realidad social y económica de un país vecino socio de la Unión Europea y crear la interacción con y entre el alumnado desde una perspectiva internacional e intercultural para desarrollar sus destrezas socio-profesionales y facilitar su movilidad

Contribució a l'estudi de la Girona obrera (1841-1876)

Estudi sobre els inicis de la industrialització i el naixement de l'obrerisme a Girona

Guerra, pàtria i estadística: el despertar polític dels hisendats gironins (1795-1800)

Sobre l'emergència i presa de consciència d'una classe dirigent a la societat gironina de finals del segle XVIII

Territorios olvidados, derechos incumplidos: afroecuatorianos en áreas rurales y su lucha por tierra, igualdad y seguridad; un reporte de la delegación Rapoport en derechos de tierra afroecuatorianos

Debido al reciente reconocimiento en la Constitución ecuatoriana de 2008 de los afroecuatorianos como un grupo con derechos colectivos a sus territorios ancestrales, el Bernard and Audre Rapoport Center for Human Rights and Justice ha dirigido un estudio legal sobre la política relacionada con los derechos territoriales de las comunidades rurales afroecuatorianas. El estudio incluye el trabajo de una delegación de investigadores que visitaron Quito, Esmeraldas y el Valle del Chota en la primavera de 2009. Este reporte está basado en información colectada en reuniones llevadas a cabo en Ecuador, entre delegados del Centro Rapoport y los miembros de la comunidad afroecuatoriana, activistas, académicos y oficiales del Estado. El reporte examina la situación que enfrentan comunidades afroecuatorianas rurales y su lucha por los derechos territoriales.

Soil management in relation to sustainable agriculture and ecosystem services

Requirements for research, practices and policies affecting soil management in relation to global food security are reviewed. Managing soil organic carbon (C) is central because soil organic matter influences numerous soil properties relevant to ecosystem functioning and crop growth. Even small changes in total C content can have disproportionately large impacts on key soil physical properties. Practices to encourage maintenance of soil C are important for ensuring sustainability of all soil functions. Soil is a major store of C within the biosphere – increases or decreases in this large stock can either mitigate or worsen climate change. Deforestation, conversion of grasslands to arable cropping and drainage of wetlands all cause emission of C; policies and international action to minimise these changes are urgently required. Sequestration of C in soil can contribute to climate change mitigation but the real impact of different options is often misunderstood. Some changes in management that are beneficial for soil C, increase emissions of nitrous oxide (a powerful greenhouse gas) thus cancelling the benefit. Research on soil physical processes and their interactions with roots can lead to improved and novel practices to improve crop access to water and nutrients. Increased understanding of root function has implications for selection and breeding of crops to maximise capture of water and nutrients. Roots are also a means of delivering natural plant-produced chemicals into soil with potentially beneficial impacts. These include biocontrol of soil-borne pests and diseases and inhibition of the nitrification process in soil (conversion of ammonium to nitrate) with possible benefits for improved nitrogen use efficiency and decreased nitrous oxide emission. The application of molecular methods to studies of soil organisms, and their interactions with roots, is providing new understanding of soil ecology and the basis for novel practical applications. Policy makers and those concerned with development of management approaches need to keep a watching brief on emerging possibilities from this fast-moving area of science. Nutrient management is a key challenge for global food production: there is an urgent need to increase nutrient availability to crops grown by smallholder farmers in developing countries. Many changes in practices including inter-cropping, inclusion of nitrogen-fixing crops, agroforestry and improved recycling have been clearly demonstrated to be beneficial: facilitating policies and practical strategies are needed to make these widely available, taking account of local economic and social conditions. In the longer term fertilizers will be essential for food security: policies and actions are needed to make these available and affordable to small farmers. In developed regions, and those developing rapidly such as China, strategies and policies to manage more precisely the necessarily large flows of nutrients in ways that minimise environmental damage are essential. A specific issue is to minimise emissions of nitrous oxide whilst ensuring sufficient nitrogen is available for adequate food production. Application of known strategies (through either regulation or education), technological developments, and continued research to improve understanding of basic processes will all play a part. Decreasing soil erosion is essential, both to maintain the soil resource and to minimise downstream damage such as sedimentation of rivers with adverse impacts on fisheries. Practical strategies are well known but often have financial implications for farmers. Examples of systems for paying one group of land users for ecosystem services affecting others exist in several parts of the world and serve as a model.

Historia Reciente del Pueblo Mapuche (1970-2003) : Presencia y Protagonismo en la vida política de Chile

This article relates the Actual History of the Mapuche People with the different political processes that have taken place in Chile from 1970 until the present time, passing through the government of Popular Unity, the Pinochet’s Regime and the return of Democracy. The purpose of this paper is to show that the political and social conditions of the Mapuche People were directly connected with what was going on in Chile during those years, not only being part of the general Chilean History but also protagonist and mean actors of the moment.

Student satisfaction in tourism education : The case of Dalarna University, Borlänge, Sweden

The students' expectations must be met to ensure their overall satisfaction. Because of this student satisfaction has become a measurement tool with which the universities can compete against each other in order to attract potential students and also a higher level of internal and external funding. This thesis deals with students' overall satisfaction in tourism education at Dalarna University in Sweden. It is important to understand what it takes for the universities to be able to produce a motivated workforce for the communities and how satisfied students could help in achieving this goal. Sweden was selected because of the recent introduction of tuition fees, in 2010, which has made it even more crucial to understand the factors affecting students' satisfaction. The method chosen for conducting this study was a questionnaire where the students of Dalarna University were asked to rate different aspects of their overall experience on a Likert scale. The research was conducted via Facebook and email questionnaire. The results show different levels of satisfaction based on the tourism programmes and gender for example. The major finding from this research implicate that the social conditions and surrounding city categories are the most influential when it comes to the overall satisfaction of students at Dalarna University. The results give the university and the city of Borlänge an insight on issues that really matter to the students and how to improve them.

The quick and the dead : Stawell and its race through time

Examines the history of the Stawell Easter Gift from its beginnings in 1878 and, in doing so, tells the story of an Australian country town, its inhabitants, its visitors, its troubles and its traditions.