Public Support for Enlargement: Economic, Cultural, or Normative?

The current research questioned whether public opinion on enlargement can be adequately explained only by economic calculation and cultural/community identity. When the analytical viewpoint was expanded from the conventional individual level to state level, it was revealed that constructivist considerations-such as the democratization and reunification of Europe-play a critical role in pushing forward enlargement. Drawing on the perspective of international relations, this study introduced a synthetic model to analyze public opinion on enlargement in the EU's 15 old member states. The analysis using a Eurobarometer dataset showed that on public support for enlargement, constructivist attitudes held as much sway as cultural/community attitudes. In fact, expectations of democratization were the most important determinant of support for enlargement in the case of Turkey.

Mapping the visual landscape quality in Europe using physical attributes

he inclusion of environmental care data in the decision-making process should be based on the results obtained after scienti?cally evaluating different environmental variables. Herein, a European landscape geographic model is presented. This landscape map would allow the environmental care variable ?visual landscape?, along with other information related to vegetation, geology, soils, cultural variables, etc., to be integrated into the planning process. The methodology used is not new since it has already been tested in Spain by the authors. Nevertheless, the model was adapted to cope with the much more extensive territory of the European Union. This meant dealing with computational dif?culties, and a lack of information. The result of this work is a raster map (100 m cell size) that evaluates landscape quality in Europe by dividing the area into seven visual quality classes. This is a practical tool for territorial development that will facilitate the environmental assessment of plans, such as infrastructure plans, within a strategic pan-European framework.

Using cloud technologies for engaging people with cultural heritage

Cultural heritage is an important asset of Europe which is largely underexplored. One of the main reasons is that the general public do not really incorporate cultural activities in their life style. Currently, curators and professionals in the heritage sector face the toughest challenges on how to attract, engage and retain visitors of heritage institutions (libraries, museums, archives and historical societies). TAG CLOUD FP7 European project seeks to overcome this situation and promote lifelong engagement with culture by personalising the visitors? cultural experiences through cloud technologies.

Genetic evidence for different male and female roles during cultural transitions in the British Isles

Human history is punctuated by periods of rapid cultural change. Although archeologists have developed a range of models to describe cultural transitions, in most real examples we do not know whether the processes involved the movement of people or the movement of culture only. With a series of relatively well defined cultural transitions, the British Isles present an ideal opportunity to assess the demographic context of cultural change. Important transitions after the first Paleolithic settlements include the Neolithic, the development of Iron Age cultures, and various historical invasions from continental Europe. Here we show that patterns of Y-chromosome variation indicate that the Neolithic and Iron Age transitions in the British Isles occurred without large-scale male movements. The more recent invasions from Scandinavia, on the other hand, appear to have left a significant paternal genetic legacy. In contrast, patterns of mtDNA and X-chromosome variation indicate that one or more of these pre-Anglo-Saxon cultural revolutions had a major effect on the maternal genetic heritage of the British Isles.

Europe & Mediterranean Sea Region, 1705 (Image 1 of 2) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Toonneel des oorlogs in't zuider deel van Europa, door Carel Allard = Theatre de la guerre dans l'Europe meridionale, par Charles Allard. It was published by C. Allard in 1705. Scale [ca. 1:6,800,000]. Covers a portion of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea region. This layer is image 1 of 2 total images of the two sheet source map, representing the western portion of the map. Map in Dutch and French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the World Miller Cylindrical projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Europe & Mediterranean Sea Region, 1705 (Image 2 of 2) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Toonneel des oorlogs in't zuider deel van Europa, door Carel Allard = Theatre de la guerre dans l'Europe meridionale, par Charles Allard. It was published by C. Allard in 1705. Scale [ca. 1:6,800,000]. Covers a portion of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea region. This layer is image 2 of 2 total images of the two sheet source map, representing the eastern portion of the map. Map in Dutch and French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the World Miller Cylindrical projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Central Europe Region, 1730-1739 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Routes des postes et des voitures pour les marchandises et pour les voyages par l'Empire dans les principaux Etats de l'Europe, T. Stemmers, sculp. It was published by chez Reinier & Iosue Ottens, between 1730 and 1739. Scale [ca. 1:2,500,000]. Covers the Central Europe region. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, territorial and administrative boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially. Depths shown by shading.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Central Europe Region, ca. 1816 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Deutschland und der gröste Theil der umliegenden Staaten : oder Mittel-Europa in 35 Blättern : nach astronomischen Ortsbestimmungen und den besten Special-Karten, mit Rücksicht auf die neuesten Grenz-Bestimmungen entworfen, zufolge der Wiener Congress-Akte, des Pariser Friedens vom 21ten Nov. 1815, und der neuesten Austauschungen 1816, von H.H. Gotthold ; geschrieben und gestochen von H. Kliewer ; sämtliche Gebürge im Atlas sind gezeichnet und gestochen von Paulus Schmidt, so wie auch die Sectionen 3,11,16,18,19,21,25,26,31 von demselben gestochen worden. It was published by Simon Schropp & Co., ca. 1816. Scale [ca. 1:1,100,000]. Covers the Central Europe region. Map in German. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, ground cover, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Depths shown by shading. Includes also inset index map.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Central Europe Region, 1859 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Neueste Eisenbahn-Karte von Central-Europa : mit genauer Angabe aller Stationen und den influirenden Post-Verbindungen, nach dem neuesten und zuverlässigsten Quellen bearbeitet von U. Hendschel. It was published by Carl Jügel's Verlag in 1859. Scale 1:1,900,000. Covers the Central Europe region. Map in German.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, railroads, territorial and administrative boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes also scale comparison chart and index of political units.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Central Europe Region, 1872 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Neueste Eisenbahn-Karte von Central-Europa : mit genauer Angabe aller Stationen und den influirenden Post-Verbindungen, nach dem neuesten und zuverlässigsten Quellen bearbeitet von U. Hendschel. It was published by Carl Jügel's Verlag in 1872. Scale 1:1,900,000. Covers the Central Europe region. Map in German. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, railroads, territorial and administrative boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes also scale comparison chart and index of political units.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Central Europe Region, 1695 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: L'Empire d'Allemagne, divisé en tous ses estats : a l'usage de Monseigneur Le Duc De Bourgogne = Nova Imperii Germanici descriptio, in omnes suos circulos, electoratus, &c divisi : ad usum serenissimi Burgundiae Ducis, par ... H. Iaillot. It was published by H. Jaillot in 1695. Scale [ca. 1:2,400,000]. Covers the Central Europe region. Map in French and Latin. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, territorial and administrative boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Central Europe Region, 1720-1729 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Tabula novissima totius Germaniae praecipue ex designatione viri celeberrimi D[om]ini Johannis Caspari Eisenschmidii. It was published by in lucem edita a Johanne Baptista Homanno, between 1720 and 1729. Scale [ca. 1:1,270,000]. Covers the Central Europe region. Map in Latin. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, territorial and administrative boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Central Europe, 1813 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carte générale d'Allemagne comprenant l'empire d'Autriche, la Confédération du Rhin, le Dannemarck, la Prusse et la Pologne, une partie de la Suède, des empires de France, de Russie et de Turquie : avec l'indication des principales routes de ces états et du théâtre de la guerre, gravée par E. Collin. It was published by Direction générale de l'imprimerie in 1813. Scale [ca. 1:2,350,000]. Covers primarily Central Europe and adjacent portions of Europe. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes inset of Saint Petersburg.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Central Europe Region, 1787 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Neue Karte von Deutschland, Holland und der Schweiz, welche die merkwürdigsten Natur u. Kunst-Producte, den Handel, nebst der Volksmenge u. den Flächen Inhalt dieser Länder enthalt, entworfen und gezeichnet von J.E. Langen, Geom. et Geogr. It was published by J.E. Langen in 1787. Scale [ca. 1:2,140,000]. Covers the Central Europe region. Map in German. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, territorial and administrative boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially. Includes also text.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Post Roads, Central Europe Region, 1764 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Neue und vollständige Postkarte durch ganz Deutschland und durch die angränzende Theile der benachbarten Länder = Nouvelle carte geographique des postes d'Allemagne et des provinces limitrophes, zusammen getragen und ausgefertiget von Franz Ioseph Heger. It was published by im Verlag bey denen Homaennischen Erben in 1764. Scale [ca. 1:1,500,000]. Covers the Central Europe region. Map in German. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, postal roads with distances between towns, territorial and administrative boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.