844 resultados para Investigação em Serviços de Saúde
Resumo:
A Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de São Paulo desenvolveu o Índice de Necessidades em Saúde (INS) para identificar áreas prioritárias para a oferta de serviços. Em 2008 realizou um Levantamento das Condições de Saúde Bucal. Pretende-se, neste estudo ecológico, analisar o perfil de saúde bucal em relação ao INS. As variáveis, estratificadas para as idades de 5, 12 e 15 anos, foram: porcentagem de indivíduos com dificuldade no acesso ao serviço odontológico; média do ceod e CPOD; prevalência da necessidade de extração e de livres de cárie. As informações foram analisadas para as 25 Supervisões Técnicas de Saúde (STS). Empregou-se o teste estatístico de covariância, o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e o modelo de regressão linear. Observou-se uma correlação positiva entre maiores INS e a dificuldade de acesso aos serviços. Nas STS com maiores INS houve maior experiência de cárie, maior necessidade de exodontias e menor prevalência de livres de cárie. Reforça-se a necessidade de priorizar as áreas de privação social para melhorar a condição de saúde da população.
Resumo:
Há poucos estudos sobre homens abordando violência como evento não fatal. Contribuindo nessa direção, descrevem-se as prevalências da violência psicológica, física e/ou sexual sofridas por homens, detalhando-se nestes tipos a perpetrada contra parceiras. Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado com 789 homens de 18 a 60 anos, dos quais 775 com alguma parceria íntima na vida, selecionados por ordem de chegada em dois serviços de atenção primária na cidade de São Paulo. Foram investigadas as características sociodemográficas e as violências mencionadas, examinadas ainda quanto a sobreposições e à percepção de havê-las sofrido ou perpetrado. As prevalências de violências sofridas na vida foram de 79% para qualquer tipo e por qualquer agressor; 63,9%, 52,8% e 6,1% respectivamente para psicológica, física e sexual. Para violências perpetradas contra a parceira na vida, temos 52,1% qualquer tipo e 40%, 31,9% e 3,9%, respectivamente, para violência psicológica, física e sexual. Nas sofridas e nas perpetradas, a psicológica é a de maior taxa exclusiva, seguida da física. Quanto aos agressores, conhecidos é o principal agressor, seguido de familiar, estranhos e parceira íntima. Na relação entre sofrer por suas parceiras e perpetrar, 14,2% dos casos são sobrepostos e 81,2% somente perpetraram. Conclui-se que, embora nas violências relativas às parceiras íntimas os homens sofram muito menos do que perpetrem, os dados mostram que eles se envolvem em muitas situações de violência, de grandes magnitudes e sobreposições, quer como vitimas ou agressores, reiterando estudos sobre masculinidade. Este conjunto complexo de situações também deve ser considerado nos serviços básicos de saúde.
Resumo:
Introdução: A preocupação e a incorporação da problemática da saúde mental infantil nas políticas públicas de saúde são recentes, assim como o desenvolvimento de ações voltadas a esse cuidado. Preconiza-se que essa atenção se proceda a partir de uma rede composta por serviços atuando de modo articulado a outros setores. Objetivo: Analisar os processos e as condições de produção de cuidados em saúde mental de criança na perspectiva do modo psicossocial na Rede de Atenção Psicossocial. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, com referencial teórico-metodológico oriundo da Análise Institucional, desenvolvida por meio de Observação Participante em (1) espaços de articulação entre serviços de saúde, (2) Unidade Básica de Saúde e (3) Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil (CAPSi) no município de Mauá, São Paulo. A Observação Participante permitiu reconhecer os procedimentos de cuidados no cotidiano dos serviços. Para aprofundamento da investigação, foram realizados Grupos Focais com profissionais da Estratégia de Saúde da Família e do CAPSi, com familiares de crianças que frequentam o CAPSi e com crianças usuárias do serviço. Os dados foram analisados e interpretados a partir de conceitos advindos da psicanálise winnicottiana, do modo de atenção psicossocial e da análise institucional. Resultados e Discussão: O interesse, o investimento político e o direcionamento das ações e da organização dos serviços, coerentes com a lógica de atenção psicossocial, têm propiciado um terreno fértil para a construção de práticas transformadoras de cuidado em saúde mental. A incorporação desse cuidado na Atenção Básica, ainda que apresente desafios e tensões entre o modelo instituído (departamentalizado em especialidades) e instituinte (saúde mental integrante da saúde geral), levou a mudanças nas ações e concepções dos profissionais. Contudo, o desenvolvimento de ações intersetoriais e a construção de uma rede ampliada de atenção têm sido limitados pela escassez de serviços e profissionais da rede e por diferentes concepções que atravessam o campo. Os participantes da pesquisa expressam visão conflitante em relação à concepção acerca de problemas de saúde mental e das expectativas quanto ao cuidado, sendo observada forte presença de uma cultura psiquiátrica, que se acentua nas falas dos familiares e na articulação com outros serviços, e uma inclinação a favor da atenção psicossocial, mais presente nas expressões dos profissionais. Nos serviços de saúde, há movimentos instituintes que enfatizam a integralidade da atenção, a interdisciplinaridade do cuidado, a multideterminação do processo saúde-doença, alinhados ao modo de atenção psicossocial. O acolhimento, o vínculo, a escuta e a confiança, importantes elementos do cuidado estão presente nas ações dos serviços. As intervenções terapêuticas têm sido desenvolvidas a partir da singularidade dos casos por meio de Projetos Terapêuticos Individuais, embora sejam consideradas aquém das necessidades das crianças, limitações advindas da escassez de profissionais e serviços da rede. Considerações Finais: Embora os serviços de saúde atuem na direção do cuidado alicerçado no modo psicossocial, eles têm atuado de forma pouco articulada com outros setores. A hegemonia da cultura psiquiátrica é um desafio a ser enfrentado. São urgentes ações que possam promover mudanças nessa cultura predominante e no imaginário social no que toca aos problemas de saúde mental e aceitação das diferenças.
Resumo:
A partir de 2012, o Governo Estadual do Rio de Janeiro através da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde passou a adotar o modelo de gestão com base em Organizações Sociais de Saúde (OSS), a fim de melhorar os serviços prestados pelas Unidades de Saúde sob sua responsabilidade, ou seja, ampliar a cobertura de atendimento, melhorar o desempenho e reduzir custos. Desde junho de 2014, 80% das Unidades Estaduais de Saúde já eram gerenciadas por Organizações Sociais. O modelo de OSS foi criado com o intuito de publicizar serviços de relevância pública, até então prestados pelo Estado, mas que passaram a ser considerados não exclusivos do mesmo, a fim de alcançar maior eficiência. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar o desempenho dos serviços prestados através das OSS contratualizadas pelo Estado do Rio de Janeiro (ERJ). Para tanto foi realizada uma contextualização sobre o processo de implementação e acompanhamento dos contratos de gestão na Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, bem como uma pesquisa documental com o levantamento dos indicadores quantitativos e qualitativos pactuados e os recursos de custeio utilizados, resultando na elaboração de ficha técnica de todos os contratos de gestão. As análises tiveram como foco a evolução dos indicadores quantitativos dos contratos de gestão no ano de 2012 até o 1º semestre de 2015, bem como o desempenho medido pela correlação de resultados de produtividade obtidos com base em indicadores quantitativos. Os resultados encontrados mostram que 80 % dos contratos de gestão de Hospitais Emergência, 75 % dos Hospitais Especializados e 92 % das Unidades de Pronto Atendimento atingem ou superam o grau de desempenho esperado pela SES quanto ao cumprimento do indicador Produção Hospitalar no ano de 2015, com ampliação da oferta de serviços especializados através das OS. Já para o cumprimento do indicador Produção Serviços Auxiliares de Diagnose e Terapia os resultados são 60 % para Hospitais Emergência e 25 % para Hospitais Especializados. Uma das conclusões possíveis e que cabe à SES/RJ, aprimorar sua função regulatória com a efetiva utilização da serie histórica de informações para a construção de indicadores compatíveis com o perfil das suas Unidades. Como sugestão para futuros estudos, aponta-se a possibilidade de realizar a mensuração da eficiência dos contratos de gestão do ERJ através da técnica envoltória de dados que correlaciona um número maior de indicadores qualitativos para verificação da eficiência.
Resumo:
The Chronic Venous insufficiency is characterized as a set of physical changes including how most serious complication of venous ulcers, characterized by irregular and progressive loss of continuity of the skin. The occurrence of venous ulcers in people with chronic venous insufficiency generates dependence on them with health services, with long-term treatments that cause limitations and high-impact changes, affecting their quality of life, affecting the physical, psychological, social, cultural and spiritual as an important public health problem. This study aimed to describe the experience of having a venous ulcer, in the scenario of primary health care services to Health, which includes Primary Care Units and Family Health Strategy in the city of Natal / RN, based on the life histories of users. This is a qualitative study, exploratory and descriptive, with the Oral History of Life as a methodological framework. From the ponto zero was the recruitment of participants who formed the network, totaling six employees, of both sexes and aged between 57 and 79 years. After approval by the Research Ethics Committee - UFRN under the Protocol 653 788/2014 and CAAE 30408014.0.0000.5537 was held data collection, between the months of July and August, through interviews, using identification and characterization of the instrument employees and open questions. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, transcriadas and returned to employees for a conference. The narratives were subjected to Content thematic analysis technique, according to Bardin, allowing the construction of three themes that encompass categories, namely: Axis I - Perspectives on the changes: the impact wound in social relations (changes with ulcer venous, venous ulcer and social and family relationships); Axis II - Brands in body and soul: the story of being hurt (conceptions of the body injured; therapeutic itinerary in primary care services); and Axis III - Reconstruction of being hurt: coping mechanisms (redefinition of the wounded body, resilience to chronic wound). The impact of having a chronic venous ulcer generates impact of physical, psychological and social order. As aspects related to changes after the appearance of venous ulcers, survey participants reported the presence of pain, physical limitations, psychological distress, social and emotional isolation, incapacity, aesthetic discomfort and dependency on health services; the family was the aspect thatshowed no significant change after the occurrence of wound for most participants, an ally in the therapeutic process as a support network. The redefinition of the body and the wound are the main coping mechanism of chronic condition. The services in the Primary Care Network play a fundamental role in the rehabilitation of patients with venous ulcers, although there are difficulties in accessing appropriate treatment and need for expanded services, with permanent professional training of health teams and providing the resources managers to strengthen the comprehensive care of people with venous ulcers in Health Primary Care.
Resumo:
The Physical Rehabilitation services (PR) are of fundamental importance in combating the global epidemic of Traffic Accidents (TA). Considering the numerous physical and social consequences of the survivors, quality problems in access to PR are a hazard to recovery of victims. It is necessary to improve the management of quality of services, assessing priority dimensions and intervening in their causes, to ensure rehabilitation available in time and suitable conditions. This study aimed to identify barriers to access to rehabilitation considering the perception of TA victims and professionals. The aim is also to estimate the access to rehabilitation and their associated factors. This is a qualitative and quantitative study of exploratory nature developed in Natal / RN with semi-structured interviews with 19 health professionals and telephone survey to 155 victims of traffic accidents. To explore barriers to access the speeches were transcribed and analyzed using the Alceste software (version 4.9). During the interviews used the following guiding question: “What barriers hinder or prevent access to physical rehabilitation for victims of traffic accidents?”. The names of classes and axes resulting from Alceste was performed by ad hoc query to three external researchers with subsequent consensus of the most representative name of analysis. We conducted multivariate analysis of the influence of the variables of the accident, sociodemographic, clinical and assistance on access to rehabilitation. Associations with p <0.20 in the bivariate analysis were submitted to logistic regression, step by step, with p <0.05 and confidence interval (CI) of 95%. The main barriers identified were: “Bureaucratic regulation”, “Long time to start rehabilitation”, “No post-surgery referral” and “inefficiency of public services”. These barriers were divided into a theoretical model built from the cause-effect diagram, in which we observed that insufficient access to rehabilitation is the product of causes related to organizational structure, work processes, professional and patients. Was constructed two logistic regression models: “General access to rehabilitation” and “Access to rehabilitation to public service”. 51.6% of patients had access to rehabilitation, and 32.9% in public and 17.9% in the private sector. The regression model “General access to rehabilitation” included the variables Income (OR:3.7), Informal Employment (OR:0.11), Unemployment (OR:0.15), Perceived Need for PR (OR:10) and Referral (OR: 27.5). The model “Access to rehabilitation in the public service” was represented by the “Referral to Public Service” (OR: 23.0) and “Private Health Plan” (OR: 0.07). Despite the known influence of social determinants on access to health services, a situation difficult to control by the public administration, this study found that the organizational and bureaucratic procedures established in health care greatly determine access to rehabilitation. Access difficulties show the seriousness of the problem and the factors suggest the need for improvements in comprehensive care for TA survivors and avoid unnecessary prolongation of the suffering of the victims of this epidemic.
Resumo:
Despite numerous government projects aimed at reorganizing and qualifying obstetric and neonatal care in Brazil, it remains problematic, with repercussions for maternal and newborn mortality and humanized care of both the mother and child. The objective of this study was to analyze the care provided to women during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle, based on reports of public health service users regarding their pregnancy and delivery experiences, using comprehensiveness and humanization as reference. The study applied a qualitative approach and the methodological strategy consisted of listening to the women, in order to identify, based on the meanings of their discourse concerning their experiences with health services, continuities and discontinuities of care during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Study participants were women who gave birth at a municipal public maternity, residents of Natal, Brazil, who at the time of the interviews, were between 10 and 42 days postpartum. Seven women reported their pregnancy and delivery experiences at public services. As interviews and observation took place, the material produced was also analyzed, in order to achieve simultaneous production and data analysis. Using systematization, a dialogue was established between the women’s discourses and production in the field of Collective Health, with respect to concepts and discussion about obstetric and neonatal care as well as the Comprehensiveness and Humanization of such care. Participant discourses underscored aspects related to prenatal care starting at pregnancy and its repercussions as well as prenatal monitoring by health services; aspects associated with care during labor and delivery, as well as those involved in postpartum in the maternity, both with respect to newborn and maternal careç and lastly, puerperium care after discharge from the maternity. Analysis of results sought to identify lines of continuity and discontinuity in the comprehensiveness and humanization of care. Based on these lines and as final contributions of the study, the following paths were proposed to achieve comprehensive and humanized production of health care for women during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle: Path 1- Reassess care in the maternal and newborn health network, aimed at comprehensiveness in terms of guaranteeing access to the various services and technological resources available to enhance health and life. Path 2- Reorganize work processes in order to attain comprehensive and humanized care for women in the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Path 3 – Qualify the professional-user relationship in care management during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Path 4 – Invest in the qualification of communication processes in the different dimensions of care during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle.
Resumo:
Despite numerous government projects aimed at reorganizing and qualifying obstetric and neonatal care in Brazil, it remains problematic, with repercussions for maternal and newborn mortality and humanized care of both the mother and child. The objective of this study was to analyze the care provided to women during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle, based on reports of public health service users regarding their pregnancy and delivery experiences, using comprehensiveness and humanization as reference. The study applied a qualitative approach and the methodological strategy consisted of listening to the women, in order to identify, based on the meanings of their discourse concerning their experiences with health services, continuities and discontinuities of care during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Study participants were women who gave birth at a municipal public maternity, residents of Natal, Brazil, who at the time of the interviews, were between 10 and 42 days postpartum. Seven women reported their pregnancy and delivery experiences at public services. As interviews and observation took place, the material produced was also analyzed, in order to achieve simultaneous production and data analysis. Using systematization, a dialogue was established between the women’s discourses and production in the field of Collective Health, with respect to concepts and discussion about obstetric and neonatal care as well as the Comprehensiveness and Humanization of such care. Participant discourses underscored aspects related to prenatal care starting at pregnancy and its repercussions as well as prenatal monitoring by health services; aspects associated with care during labor and delivery, as well as those involved in postpartum in the maternity, both with respect to newborn and maternal careç and lastly, puerperium care after discharge from the maternity. Analysis of results sought to identify lines of continuity and discontinuity in the comprehensiveness and humanization of care. Based on these lines and as final contributions of the study, the following paths were proposed to achieve comprehensive and humanized production of health care for women during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle: Path 1- Reassess care in the maternal and newborn health network, aimed at comprehensiveness in terms of guaranteeing access to the various services and technological resources available to enhance health and life. Path 2- Reorganize work processes in order to attain comprehensive and humanized care for women in the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Path 3 – Qualify the professional-user relationship in care management during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Path 4 – Invest in the qualification of communication processes in the different dimensions of care during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle.
Resumo:
This study aims to examine the Brazilian legal model for the non-contractual liability of the state in providing public health services, from the perspective of threedimensional theory of law. Up based on bibliographical and documentary research, with emphasis on legislation, doctrine and Brazilian jurisprudence, the following conclusions were reached. The right to health is typified in the Constitution as a social fundamental right, and understands the pretension to obtain from the State, the supply of goods or the provision of services that reduce the risk of disease and other health problems; or promote, protect and recover the physical and mental well-being. Once violated the fundamental right to health, provides the managed, among other fundamental guarantees, the non-contractual liability of the state. The provision of public services by the state can be made directly through the Direct or Indirect Public Administration, or by recourse to private entities. In any case, the provision of public health services is entirely subordinate to the principles of administrative law and should be fully funded by tax revenues. As the provision of public health services is part of the administrative activity of the State, there is no way to exclude the application of the guarantee of non-contractual liability of the state in the face of the damage suffered by administered as users of these services. Therefore, it applies the theory of administrative risk, even in the event of harmful and illegal state failure.
Resumo:
This dissertation analyzed the existing work on travestility and transsexuality whose problematic research focused on issues related to health and / or health services. For this purpose, a Literature Review Systematized Descriptive in virtual databases was performed: Bank of Higher Education Personnel Improvement Coordination Thesis (CAPES), Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD), Scielo and PubMed, between the years 1997 and 2014 in Brazil. We used the search terms "transsexual," "transvestite" and "transgender", each associated with the search term "health", in Portuguese and English. Complementing this search, we used the Documentary Analysis methodology to assess pamphlets productions, institutional documents and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which were incorporated into the discussion. 295 papers were identified, among theses, dissertations and scientific articles. Of these, 223 were excluded and 72 selected for analysis. Thus, it obtained five theses and dissertations 21 on the topic of travestility and 7 theses and dissertations 9 that deal with transsexuality. Among the selected papers, 16 deal with transsexuality and health, 5 address the issue of travestility and health and work, 9 refer to the term "transgender" and "health". Even though it is an emerging field of research, there is an apparent deviation of the speech, previously anchored in questions whose topics are related to confrontation, infection or illness by HIV / AIDS (level of specialized care) for discussions on the health care for transsexuals in the process (level of specialized care). Still, few papers have specific trans attention in primary care associated with a comprehensive health care, with the empowerment of individuals, respecting the power of life, which are configured as important issues for the Public Policy on Health today.
Resumo:
The HIV/Aids epidemic is today, in Brazil, a phenomenon of great magnitude and extent. The disease progresses over a physically weakened, and with more complex approach, portion of the population: the elderly. This study has the objective to know the vision of health professionals facing the possibility of HIV/Aids in the elderly. It is a cross-sectional observational study conducted in the city of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, from November 2013 to December 2015, with the participants Doctors, Dental Surgeons and nurses stationed in the Municipal Network of Primary Care, with a sample of 220. Using factor analysis, factors unrelated to the training of health professionals and others directly related; only the latter showed differences between the professions. The investigation of the professional view on the possibility of infection of HIV/Aids in the elderly should be crafted specifically for each type of professional, meeting the specific difficulties of training each degree course. It is crucial the need to update each professional in the health care field in order to be able to make an early diagnosis aimed at protecting the elderly patient's integrity affected by HIV/Aids.
Resumo:
RONCALLI, Angelo Giuseppe. A organização da demanda em serviços públicos de saúde bucal: universalidade, eqüidade e integralidade em Saúde Bucal Coletiva. raçatuba, 2000. 238p. Tese (Doutorado em Odontologia Preventiva e Social). Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”
Resumo:
PEREIRA, C. R. S. et al. Impacto da estratégia saúde da família com equipe de saúde bucal sobre a utilização de serviços odontológicos. Cad. Saúde Pública, v. 25, n. 5, p.985-996. Maio, 2009. ISSN 0102-311X.
Resumo:
PEREIRA, Carmen Regina dos Santos et al. Impacto da Estratégia Saúde da Família com equipe de saúde bucal sobre a utilização de serviços odontológicos. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, v. 25, n. 5, p. 985-996, maio 2009.
Resumo:
RONCALLI, Angelo Giuseppe. A organização da demanda em serviços públicos de saúde bucal: universalidade, eqüidade e integralidade em Saúde Bucal Coletiva. raçatuba, 2000. 238p. Tese (Doutorado em Odontologia Preventiva e Social). Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”