A cunhagem de uma moeda inédita e singular: o processo de criação do Tribunal Penal Internacional

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A política externa brasileira e a questão Palestina: análise da imprensa e da diplomacia no período de 1945- 1951

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Mapeamento das evidências do grupo de odontologia da Colaboração Cochrane pra condutas em saúde

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

A percepção de tecnologias em agricultura orgânica por produtores familiares no Nordeste Paraense

A agricultura tradicional na Amazônia é fundamentada na agricultura de corte e queima, para a limpeza da área e liberação de nutrientes. A agricultura orgânica, nesse contexto, favorece o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar além de ter os serviços ambientais como proposta concreta de modelo produtivo que não exclua a preservação do meio ambiente, com melhoria da qualidade de vida dos agricultores familiares e melhoria da qualidade dos alimentos produzidos para o mercado consumidor. Com isto este trabalho objetivou avaliar o apoderamento da informação sobre agricultura orgânica, por agricultores familiares organizados em associações distintas sob orientação técnica suportada por uma empresa privada brasileira (NATURA) e uma entidade internacional (ICCO), localizadas na região nordeste paraense (municípios de Abaetetuba, Acará, Barcarena, Igarapé-miri e Mojú). A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso com questionários semi-estruturados compostos por questões abertas e fechadas com o qual pode-se buscar evidências que possibilitaram a compreensão dos processos de transição em que estes produtores estão inseridos. Os resultados mostram que não foram evidenciadas diferenças relacionadas à aplicação das práticas comuns entre as associações analisadas. Os produtores com suporte técnico financiado pela instituição internacional demonstraram um maior nível de adoção das tecnologias em relação ao outro grupo de agricultores. Observa-se a ausência total de acompanhamento técnico ou sua ineficácia por parte do órgão de assistência técnica pública. A geração de mecanismos de financiamento e uma sistematização das tecnologias agroecológicas desenvolvidas na região, adaptadas a realidade dos agricultores, além da intensificação das ações de capacitação e sensibilização dos técnicos da EMATER, torna-se necessária para que haja uma capacitação eficiente e uma maior apropriação de tecnologias agroecológicas por agricultores familiares nesta região.

Procedures to Evaluate the Efficiency of Protective Clothing Worn by Operators Applying Pesticide

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Analise das emissões de CO2 e de energia - simulação com novas tecnologias siderúrgicas

The process of steel production emits a large quantity of greenhouse gases, specifically carbon dioxide (CO2), and the reduction of such emissions is one of the main challenges for the industry in the 21st. Century. To quantify these emissions, the Worldsteel Association (association of the 170 large steel manufacturers of the world) published a methodology (CO2 Emission Data Collection) for calculation and comparison of CO2 emissions among its members. After that, in 2010, this methodology became an ISO (International Organization for Standardization) norm. Today, the calculation of the CO2 emissions in steel making companies follow the ISO 14404-1 for units with blast furnaces and the ISO 14404-2 for units with electric furnaces. In the last years, new technologies were and continue to be developed for the steel making sector aiming at energetic improvements and greenhouse gas reductions (mainly CO2) by the several processes involved in the production of steel. This work had the objective of producing a tool to calculate the CO2 emissions for the steel making sector. An Excel spreadsheet was developed to calculate the emission intensities of CO2 of a steel plant, the Usina Presidente Vargas, of the Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN). The spreadsheet furnishes results of CO2 emissions and energetic fluxes, and simulates the benefits that some of the new technologies can give to the company. The spreadsheet calculates the emissions in two ways: a) based on the carbon fluxes that enter the unit, and b) based on the emissions of each specific process within the unit (coking, sinterization, blast furnace, among others)

Desgaste e rugosidade superficial de um cimento de ionômero de vidro nanoparticulado

To compare the abrasion wear resistance and superficial roughness of different glass ionomer cements used as restorative materials, focusing on a new nanoparticulate material. Material and Method: Three glass ionomer cements were evaluated: Ketac Molar, Ketac N100 and Vitremer (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), as well as the Filtek Z350 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA). For each material were fabricated circular specimens (n=12), respecting the handling mode specified by the manufacturer, which were polished with sandpaper disks of decreasing grit. The wear was determined by the amount of mass (M) lost after brushing (10,000 cycles) and the roughness (Ra) using a surface roughness tester. The difference between the Minitial and Mfinal (ΔM) as well as beroughness of aesthetic restorative materials: an in vitro comparison. SADJ. 2001; 56(7): 316-20. 11. Yip HK, Peng D, Smales RJ. Effects of APF gel on the physical structure of compomers and glass ionomer cements. Oper. Dent. 2001; 26(3): 231-8. 12. Ma T, Johnson GH, Gordon GE. Effects of chemical disinfectants on the surface characteristics and color of denture resins. J Prosthet Dent 1997; 77(2): 197-204. 13. International organization for standardization. Technical specification 14569-1. Dental Materials – guidance on testing of wear resistance – PART I: wear by tooth brushing. Switzerland: ISO; 1999. 14. Bollen CML, Lambrechts P, Quirynen M. Comparison of surface roughness of oral hard materials to the threshold surface roughness for bacterial plaque retention: a review of the literature. Dent Mater.1997; 13(4): 258-9. 15. Kielbassa AM, Gillmann C, Zantner H, Meyer-Lueckel H, Hellwig E, Schulte-Mönting J. Profilometric and microradiographic studies on the effects of toothpaste and acidic gel abrasivity on sound and demineralized bovine dental enamel. Caries Res. 2005; 39(5): 380-6. 16. Tanoue N, Matsumara H, Atsuta M. Wear and surface roughness of current prosthetic composites after toothbrush/dentifrice abrasion. J Prosthet Dent. 2000; 84(1): 93-7. 17. Heath JR, Wilson HJ. Abrasion of restorative materials by toothpaste. J Oral Rehabil. 1976; 3(2): 121-38. 18. Frazier KB, Rueggeberg FA, Mettenburg DJ. Comparasion of wearresistance of class V restorative materials. J Esthet Dent. 1998; 10(6): 309-14. 19. Momoi Y, Hirosakil K, Kohmol A, McCabe JF. In vitro toothebrushdentifrrice abrasion of resin-modified glass ionomers. Dent Mater. 1997; 13(2): 82-8. 20. Turssi CP, Magalhães CS, Serra MC, Rodrigues Jr.AL. Surface roughness assessment of resin-based materials during brushing preceded by pHcycling simulations. Oper Dent. 2001; 26(6): 576-84. 21. Wang L, Cefaly DF, Dos Santos JL, Dos Santos JR, Lauris JR, Mondelli RF, et al. In vitro interactions between lactic acid solution and art glassionomer cements. J Appl Oral Sci. 2009; 17(4): 274-9. 22. Carvalho FG, Fucio SB, Paula AB, Correr GM, Sinhoreti MA, PuppinRontani RM. Child toothbrush abrasion effect on ionomeric materials. J Dent Child (Chic). 2008; 75(2): 112-6. 23. Coutinho E, Cardoso MV, De Munck J, Neves AA, Van Landuyt KL, Poitevin A, et al. Bonding effectiveness and interfacial characterization of a nano-filled resin-modified glass-ionomer. Dent Mater. 2009; 25(11): 1347-57. tween Rainitial and Rafinal (ΔRa) were also used for statistical analysis (α=0.05). Results: Except for the composite, significant loss of mass was observed for all glass ionomer cements and the ΔM was comparable for all of them. Significant increase in roughness was observed only for Vitremer and Ketac N100. At the end of the brushing cycle, just Vitremer presented surface roughness greater than the composite resin. Conclusion: All glass ionomer cements showed significant weight loss after 10,000 cycles of brushing. However, only Vitremer showed an increase of roughness greater than the Z350 resin, while the nanoparticulate cement Ketac N100 showed a smooth surface comparable to the composite.

Citocompatibilidade, propriedades antibiofilme e físicas e cimentos endodônticos associados à amoxilina

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Europa e Catasto

We study first the different cadastral systems in the EU countries and their perspective in the European Law context, especially in their tax law aspect and about the different building tax system. We talk about the most important aspect, taxation, and the European Unionʼs influence, particularly the European Court. But not only speak about the influence in the Member stateʼs building tax, also find another influences ways, with some European policies. All these aspects and another show a tendency to the cadastral integration, not direct, but existent in the indirect way. About other aspects, the study holds the dual nature of the cadastre, social (like social science), and their tax aspect, and technic nature. The Inspire information net can generate a new way to the tax information exchange between European countries. The investigation end with a comparison of the different cadastral systems in EU countries, and about the edification tax law too. This report holds the tax nature of the cadastre, the need to be considered like social-technic complex. Diverse international organization consider that is a multipurpose instrument and institution, but seem to forget their original purpose, their tax purpose, that was the central aspect in their origin and that don can`t be forget in the new world that raises after the world financial crisis.