Improving logistics services through the technology used in fleet management

Outsourcing logistics has established itself in the area of the LSP (Logistics Service Provider), which offers a range of services to its customers. In this line, transportation is characterized as one of the most important services, and therefore efficient fleet management is essential for establishing a high level of customer service. With advances in technology and vehicle tracking systems, this approach of management has gained new possibilities for the improvement of logistics services. By studying the specific case of an LSP, this paper investigates the use of these technologies in the management of their business and services. The results indicate that the LSP seeks to increase its services and to streamline information in order to respond to customer needs in real time. It is also evident in this case under study that the combination of the technology available together with the fleet management system has become a distinguishing feature for this LSP, one which increases their skills and important information for both customers and business.

Practices of environmentally responsible reverse logistics systems in Brazilian companies

The aim of this paper is to propose a classification of reverse logistics systems based on activities for value recovery from returned products. Case studies were carried out in three Brazilian companies. Research results show that Company 1 uses a reverse logistics system based on ‘disposal logistics system’, the main reason for returns is ‘end of life’ and the main motivation is ‘legislation’; Company 2 uses ‘Recycling logistics system’, the main reason for the returns is ‘products not sold’ and the main motivation is ‘recovery of assets and value’; finally, Company 3 uses ‘product reprocessing logistics system’, the main reason for returns is ‘end of life’ and the main motivation is ‘social and environmental responsibility’.

Development of a supplier and purchase order management product/service under the 4PL logistics concept: a case study

Supply chain starts with a demand arisen and ends with material transport and delivery at its final destination. With this in mind, most of manufacturing, processors or distribution companies of consumer goods, spare parts and components for production, processing and finished goods, within national or international markets, may not have information and control over its supply chain performance. This article presents concept and logistics models evolution, purchase order and international supplier management, control tower and its logistics information systems. This also presents a real process implementation for a global high tech manufacturer company.

City logistics: trasporto merci in ambito urbano

Molteplici studi, portati a termine di recente in Europa ed oltreoceano, hanno focalizzato l’attenzione sulle problematiche indotte dal trasporto merci in ambito urbano e contribuito ad identificarne possibili soluzioni (city logistics). Le aree urbane, dovrebbero idealmente essere luoghi ove abitare, svolgere attività economiche, sociali e ricreative. Esse possono vedere compromessa la loro predisposizione a tali scopi anche a causa del crescente traffico delle merci, il cui trasporto è effettuato principalmente su gomma, per via delle brevi distanze da coprire e delle carenze infrastrutturali. I veicoli commerciali, ad eccezione di quelli di ultima generazione, incidono negativamente sulla qualità dell’ambiente urbano, generando inquinamento atmosferico e acustico. La politica del “just in time”, che prevede l’assenza di magazzini di stoccaggio delle merci, incrementa i movimenti commerciali. Nella presente tesi vengono trattati alcuni aspetti logistici di regolamentazione della sosta e degli accessi per i mezzi di trasporto merci, in grado di rendere più efficiente la distribuzione dei beni, mitigando le problematiche indotte dal traffico e, quindi, salvaguardando la qualità di vita nei centri cittadini.

Urban food planning, city logistics and sustainability: the role of the wholesale produce market. The cases of Parma and Bologna food hubs.

At global level, the population is increasingly concentrating in the cities. In Europe, around 75% of the population lives in urban areas and, according to the European Environmental Agency (2010), urban population is foreseen to increase up to 80 % by 2020. At the same time, the quality of life in the cities is declining and urban pollution keeps increasing in terms of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, waste, noise, and lack of greenery. Many of European cities struggle to cope with social, economic and environmental problems resulting from pressures such as overcrowding or decline, social inequity, health problems related to food security and pollution. Nowadays local authorities try to solve these problems related to the environmental sustainability through various urban logistics measures, which directly and indirectly affect the urban food supply system, thus an integrated approach including freight transport and food provisioning policies issues is needed. This research centres on the urban food transport system and its impact on the city environmental sustainability. The main question that drives the research analysis is "How the urban food distribution system affects the ecological sustainability in modern cities?" The research analyses the city logistics project for food transport implemented in Parma, Italy, by the wholesale produce market. The case study investigates the renewed role of the wholesale market in the urban food supply chain as commercial and logistic operator, referring to the concept of food hub. Then, a preliminary analysis on the urban food transport for the city of Bologna is presented. The research aims at suggesting a methodological framework to estimate the urban food demand, the urban food supply and to assess the urban food transport performance, in order to identify external costs indicators that help policymakers in evaluating the environmental sustainability of different logistics measures

Models and Algorihtm for the Optimization of Real-World Routing and Logistics Problems

Logistics involves planning, managing, and organizing the flows of goods from the point of origin to the point of destination in order to meet some requirements. Logistics and transportation aspects are very important and represent a relevant costs for producing and shipping companies, but also for public administration and private citizens. The optimization of resources and the improvement in the organization of operations is crucial for all branches of logistics, from the operation management to the transportation. As we will have the chance to see in this work, optimization techniques, models, and algorithms represent important methods to solve the always new and more complex problems arising in different segments of logistics. Many operation management and transportation problems are related to the optimization class of problems called Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs). In this work, we consider several real-world deterministic and stochastic problems that are included in the wide class of the VRPs, and we solve them by means of exact and heuristic methods. We treat three classes of real-world routing and logistics problems. We deal with one of the most important tactical problems that arises in the managing of the bike sharing systems, that is the Bike sharing Rebalancing Problem (BRP). We propose models and algorithms for real-world earthwork optimization problems. We describe the 3DP process and we highlight several optimization issues in 3DP. Among those, we define the problem related to the tool path definition in the 3DP process, the 3D Routing Problem (3DRP), which is a generalization of the arc routing problem. We present an ILP model and several heuristic algorithms to solve the 3DRP.

MODELING AND PROTOCOL DESIGN FOR EMERGING WIRELESS SYSTEMS

Mobile Mesh Network based In-Transit Visibility (MMN-ITV) system facilitates global real-time tracking capability for the logistics system. In-transit containers form a multi-hop mesh network to forward the tracking information to the nearby sinks, which further deliver the information to the remote control center via satellite. The fundamental challenge to the MMN-ITV system is the energy constraint of the battery-operated containers. Coupled with the unique mobility pattern, cross-MMN behavior, and the large-spanned area, it is necessary to investigate the energy-efficient communication of the MMN-ITV system thoroughly. First of all, this dissertation models the energy-efficient routing under the unique pattern of the cross-MMN behavior. A new modeling approach, pseudo-dynamic modeling approach, is proposed to measure the energy-efficiency of the routing methods in the presence of the cross-MMN behavior. With this approach, it could be identified that the shortest-path routing and the load-balanced routing is energy-efficient in mobile networks and static networks respectively. For the MMN-ITV system with both mobile and static MMNs, an energy-efficient routing method, energy-threshold routing, is proposed to achieve the best tradeoff between them. Secondly, due to the cross-MMN behavior, neighbor discovery is executed frequently to help the new containers join the MMN, hence, consumes similar amount of energy as that of the data communication. By exploiting the unique pattern of the cross-MMN behavior, this dissertation proposes energy-efficient neighbor discovery wakeup schedules to save up to 60% of the energy for neighbor discovery. Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)-based inter-vehicle communications is by now growingly believed to enhance traffic safety and transportation management with low cost. The end-to-end delay is critical for the time-sensitive safety applications in VANETs, and can be a decisive performance metric for VANETs. This dissertation presents a complete analytical model to evaluate the end-to-end delay against the transmission range and the packet arrival rate. This model illustrates a significant end-to-end delay increase from non-saturated networks to saturated networks. It hence suggests that the distributed power control and admission control protocols for VANETs should aim at improving the real-time capacity (the maximum packet generation rate without causing saturation), instead of the delay itself. Based on the above model, it could be determined that adopting uniform transmission range for every vehicle may hinder the delay performance improvement, since it does not allow the coexistence of the short path length and the low interference. Clusters are proposed to configure non-uniform transmission range for the vehicles. Analysis and simulation confirm that such configuration can enhance the real-time capacity. In addition, it provides an improved trade off between the end-to-end delay and the network capacity. A distributed clustering protocol with minimum message overhead is proposed, which achieves low convergence time.

Explosionsfeste Transportbehälter – mehr Sicherheit für das Transportwesen

Weltweit ist eine Zunahme terroristischer Aktivitäten zu verzeichnen, sodass allgemein damit gerechnet werden muss, dass auch das zivile Verkehrs- und Transportwesen ein bevorzugtes Ziel terroristischer Anschläge darstellt. Mehrfach wurden schon Sprengkörper in Transportmittel des öffentlichen und zivilen Personen- aber auch Güterverkehrs eingeschleust, um die Bevölkerung durch materielle Zerstörung und massive Personenschäden einzuschüchtern und zu beängstigen. Daher ist eine Anpassung der sich derzeit im Einsatz befindlichen Transportbehälter an die geänderten Rahmenbedingungen unerlässlich, um auch den Schutz vor Sprengkörpern, die gemeinsam mit dem Handgepäck in Luft-, Land- und Wasserfahrzeuge eingeschleust werden, zu gewährleisten.

Realtime Logistics : echtzeitnahe Steuerung von Materialflusssystemen auf Basis autonomer Agenten und Entitäten

Die Steuerung logistischer und produktionstechnischer Systeme ist heute durchgängig hierarchisch organisiert. Auch dezentrale und wandelbare Systeme mit eingebetteten fraktalen oder adaptiven Elementen oder Regelkreisen lassen sich in ihrer Gesamtheit stets auf eine zeitgenaue zentrale Planung zurückführen. „Realtime Logistics“ bezeichnet im Gegensatz hierzu die echtzeitnahe Materialflusssteuerung auf Basis einer autonomen, selbstgesteuerten Abwicklung der im einzelnen logistischen Objekt implementierten Mission. Hierzu werden mobile Softwareagenten eingesetzt, die zunächst synchron zum Objekt, und in Zukunft eingebettet im logistischen Objekt, laufen werden.

Lean Logistics - Innovative Bewertungsmethodik zur Auswahl schlanker Materialbereitstellungsstrategien

Die starke Individualisierung der Kundenwünsche hat eine stetig wachsende Variantenvielfalt zur Folge. Unternehmen, insbesondere aus dem Automotive- und High-Tech-Sektor, sind bestrebt, ein dauerhaftes Vorhalten aller Variantenteile im Montageprozess aufgrund hoher Kapitalbindung, zunehmenden Flächenbedarfs sowie steigenden Handlingaufwands zu vermeiden. Durch die konsequent wertschöpfungsorientierte Planung der Montageprozesse ist es möglich, innerhalb eines Montagetakts größere Teileumfänge zu verbauen. Das Angebot an Bereitstellflächen erhöht sich jedoch nicht, so dass Kosteneinsparungen aus Montageoptimierungen zum Teil nicht ausgeschöpft werden können. Diese Einsparungen können erst zusammen mit einem angepassten und standardisierten Materialbereitstellungsprozess voll wirksam werden. Die Materialbereitstellung muss darüber hinaus auch für individuelle Teilespektren eine adäquate Teileversorgung sichern sowie innerhalb ihrer Systemgrenzen einen optimalen Prozessablauf ermöglichen. Für die Auswahl geeigneter Bereitstellungsstrategien fehlt eine auf den Bereitstellungsprozess abgestimmte Bewertungsmethode, die eine nach Lean Management Grundsätzen vergleichende Prozessbetrachtung ermöglicht und zudem bauteilspezifische Kriterien wie Variantenvielfalt, Reichweite oder Größe berücksichtigt. Ziel des Beitrags ist es daher, eine neuartige Bewertungsmethode vorzustellen.

Realtime Logistics – Ein Algorithmus zur parallelisierbaren Bestimmung von Transportkollisionen in Materialflusssystemen

In diesem Beitrag zur Komplexitätsanalyse von Materialflusssystemen unter Zeitrestriktionen wird ein Algorithmus vorgestellt, der die Bestimmung von Transportkollisionen als parallelisierbares Problem betrachtet und dessen Datenstrukturen auf die Analyse der Wechselbeziehungen von Lastobjekten ausgerichtet ist. Am Beispiel eines Deadlockszenarios wird die Funktionsweise des Algorithmus dargestellt und gezeigt, dass die explizite Betrachtung von zeitlichen und räumlichen Abhängigkeiten unter Lastobjekten eine Deadlockerkennung möglich macht. Der Algorithmus bildet die Grundlage für weitere Anwendungen in der Analyse der Echtzeitfähigkeit von Materialflusssystemen.

Integration of Truncated Distributions in Exponential Family with Simulation Models of Logistics and Supply Chain Management

Truncated distributions of the exponential family have great influence in the simulation models. This paper discusses the truncated Weibull distribution specifically. The truncation of the distribution is achieved by the Maximum Likelihood Estimation method or combined with the expectation and variance expressions. After the fitting of distribution, the goodness-of-fit tests (the Chi-Square test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) are executed to rule out the rejected hypotheses. Finally the distributions are integrated in various simulation models, e. g. shipment consolidation model, to compare the influence of truncated and original versions of Weibull distribution on the model.

Konzeptionierung und Durchsatzanalyse eines ULD-Shuttlelagers

Die Ein- und Auslagerung von Flugfrachtcontainern wird bisher üblicherweise mit Hilfe von entsprechend dimensionierten Regalbediengeräten vorgenommen. Shuttle-Systeme besitzen auch in diesem Bereich Vorteile, wie z. B. eine höhere Energieeffizienz und eine hohe Redundanz. Es wird ein Konzept zur Gestaltung eines solchen Systems vorgestellt. Ebenso wird die Leistungsfähigkeit entsprechender Lager über eine Materialflusssimulation bestimmt.

Exact Solutions to the Symmetric and Asymmetric Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Delivery and Pick-Up

In reverse logistics networks, products (e.g., bottles or containers) have to be transported from a depot to customer locations and, after use, from customer locations back to the depot. In order to operate economically beneficial, companies prefer a simultaneous delivery and pick-up service. The resulting Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Delivery and Pick-up (VRPSDP) is an operational problem, which has to be solved daily by many companies. We present two mixed-integer linear model formulations for the VRPSDP, namely a vehicle-flow and a commodity-flow model. In order to strengthen the models, domain-reducing preprocessing techniques, and effective cutting planes are outlined. Symmetric benchmark instances known from the literature as well as new asymmetric instances derived from real-world problems are solved to optimality using CPLEX 12.1.