Real-time monitoring and kinetic parameter estimation of the affinity interaction of jArtinM and rArtinM with peroxidase glycoprotein by the electrogravimetric technique

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Detection of the 43,000-molecular-weight glycoprotein in sera of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis

The 43,000-molecular-weight (43K) soluble glycoprotein was detected in sera of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis by the immunoblot technique by using as the probe rabbit monospecific antisera to this fraction. The 43K antigen was present before treatment in sera of patients with the acute (juvenile) form; it started to disappear from circulation after 10 months of chemotherapy, and it was undetectable afer 2 years of treatment. In the chronic cases, the 43K antigen was detected in patients without treatment, and it was absent in the healed cases. The detection of the 43K protein specific to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis may be important for its diagnostic value as well as for modulation of the host immune response.

Antibody response to the 43 kDa glycoprotein of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis as a marker for the evaluation of patients under treatment

Sera of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis contained IgG-, IgA-, and IgM-specific antibodies to a 43 kDa antigen contained in the filtrate of a culture of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. IgG- and IgA-specific antibodies were present in all observed patients. The IgM response was more frequent in acute cases, and the mean titers of IgG- and IgM-specific antibodies were higher in the acute forms. By the fourth month of chemotherapy, there was a decay of IgG, IgA, and IgM antibody titers to this antigen in acute cases, correlating with clinical improvement. The detection of IgG and IgA antibodies and the sequential determination of antibodies to the 43 kDa glycoprotein may be useful tools for serodiagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.

Distribution of exoantigens and a 43-kDa glycoprotein (gp43) in the yeast and mycelial forms of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Objective. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigens (strain 113) were located at ultrastructural level in both yeast and mycelial forms of the fungus. The reactivity of the sera employed was analysed. Materials and methods. Immunofluorescence and ultrastructural protein A-gold immunolabelling techniques were performed using two polyclonal antisera: one against P. brasiliensis exoantigens and the other against a 43-kDa glycoprotein (gp43). Immunoblotting assays were employed to define reactivity of these antisera with somatic and metabolic antigens of both forms of the fungus. Results. The techniques employed revealed in both yeast and mycelial forms of P. brasiliensis a similar antigenic distribution. The antigens deposits were seen within the cytoplasm, and over the cell wall of the fungus. The anti-exoantigen serum recognized several bands in both forms of the fungus. The anti-gp43 serum reacted strongly with the 43-kDa fraction and weakly with few other fractions. Conclusions. Immunocytochemical techniques suggest a protein synthesis within the cytoplasm followed by excretion through the cell wall. Similar results employing both polyclonal antisera were obtained.

Effects of tunicamycin on glycoprotein antigens of Aspergillus fumigatus

Tunicamycin, which inhibits N-glycosylation of proteins, was used as a tool to determine the type of linkage which occurs in glycoprotein antigens of Aspergillus fumigatus. When A. fumigatus extracts were electrophoretically separated and blotted then probed with anti-Aspergillus patients' sera, differences in antigenic profiles were noted when tunicamycin-treated samples were compared with controls. Tunicamycin had no detectable effect on the cellular proteinases of A. fumigatus, most of which are glycosylated. Some enzymatic components were lacking when extracellular proteinases were compared with those of control samples. The major catalase component of A. fumigatus is a concanavalin A (Con A)-binding glycoprotein. In cultures grown in the presence of tunicamycin, partiallydeglycosylated catalase components were obtained which could be distinguished from the native catalase by their altered mobilities in polyacrylamide gels. The effect of deglycosylation on catalase antigens was monitored using an antiserum raised to a ConA-binding fraction of A fumigatus mycelium. These antibodies bound both to the native glycoprotein and the partially deglycosylated material. These latter two were largely unaffected when incubated with an antiserum raised to a non-ConA-binding fraction of A. fumigatus which is essentially carbohydrate free. The ability to produce partially-glycosylated antigens of A. fumigatus offers a model to study the effect of basic structural modifications on both the enzymatic and antigenic activities of these molecules.

Involvement of the major glycoprotein (gp43) of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in attachment to macrophages

The yeast form of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the causative agent of a deep mycosis in humans, is known to be phagocytized by, and to multiply inside, macrophages. In this work we describe the involvement of gp43, a major antigenic protein of P. brasiliensis, in the initial steps of attachment of the fungus to macrophages. Anti-gp43 F(ab) polyclonal fragments were capable of inhibiting phagocytosis in a concentrationdependent manner. Sheep red blood cells sensitized with purified gp43 were more endocytized than SRBC alone, and this process was also inhibited by anti-gp43 F(ab) fragments. Inhibition tests indicated the involvement of fucose and mannose residues in the phagocytosis of the fungus and of SRBC-gp43 by macrophages. Taken together, these results suggest that gp43 may be involved in the adherence and uptake of the fungus by murine peritoneal macrophages, and that this binding may be dependent on monosaccharide residues that are part of the gp43 glycoprotein. © 1998 ISHAM.

cDNA cloning and 1.75 Å crystal structure determination of PPL2, an endochitinase and N-acetylglucosamine-binding hemagglutinin from Parkia platycephala seeds

Parkia platycephala lectin 2 was purified from Parkia platycephala (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae) seeds by affinity chromatography and RP-HPLC. Equilibrium sedimentation and MS showed that Parkia platycephala lectin 2 is a nonglycosylated monomeric protein of molecular mass 29 407 ± 15 Da, which contains six cysteine residues engaged in the formation of three intramolecular disulfide bonds. Parkia platycephala lectin 2 agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes, and this activity was specifically inhibited by N-acetylglucosamine. In addition, Parkia platycephala lectin 2 hydrolyzed β(1-4) glycosidic bonds linking 2-acetoamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranose units in chitin. The full-length amino acid sequence of Parkia platycephala lectin 2, determined by N-terminal sequencing and cDNA cloning, and its three-dimensional structure, established by X-ray crystallography at 1.75 Å resolution, showed that Parkia platycephala lectin 2 is homologous to endochitinases of the glycosyl hydrolase family 18, which share the (βα) 8 barrel topology harboring the catalytic residues Asp125, Glu127, and Tyr182. © 2006 The Authors.

Inactivation of vesicular stomatitis virus through inhibition of membrane fusion by chemical modification of the viral glycoprotein

Membrane fusion is an essential step in the entry of enveloped viruses into their host cells triggered by conformational changes in viral glycoproteins. We have demonstrated previously that modification of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) with diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) abolished conformational changes on VSV glycoprotein and the fusion reaction catalyzed by the virus. In the present study, we evaluated whether treatment with DEPC was able to inactivate the virus. Infectivity and viral replication were abolished by viral treatment with 0.5 mM DEPC. Mortality profile and inflammatory response in the central nervous system indicated that G protein modification with DEPC eliminates the ability of the virus to cause disease. In addition, DEPC treatment did not alter the conformational integrity of surface proteins of inactivated VSV as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy and competitive ELISA. Taken together, our results suggest a potential use of histidine (His) modification to the development of a new process of viral inactivation based on fusion inhibition. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Perfil genotípico de resistência do vírus Influenza A (H1N1) pandêmico aos inibidores da neuraminidase em pacientes procedentes da mesorregião de Belém no período de maio de 2009 a maio de 2012

O vírus Influenza é o responsável pela gripe, uma doença que ocasiona milhões de mortes e hospitalizações todos os anos. Nas infecções severas, especialmente em pessoas com risco para complicações, os antivirais tornam-se os principais meios para o manejo clínico, merecendo especial destaque os inibidores da neuraminidase (INAs). De fato, na pandemia de 2009 a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) recomendou o uso do oseltamivir para o tratamento dos doentes. Porém, devido à evolução genética viral, surgiram cepas com mutações no gene codificador da neuraminidase (NA) responsáveis por substituições aminoacídicas que levam à resistência aos fármacos INAs. Assim, a OMS passou a recomendar a vigilância de resistência genotípica para os vírus Influenza. Este trabalho teve como objetivos verificar a ocorrência de mutações no gene codificador da NA dos vírus Influenza A (H1N1) pandêmico que possam estar relacionadas à resistência aos INAs em cepas circulantes na mesorregião metropolitana de Belém no período de maio de 2009 a maio de 2012 e analisar, através da modelagem de proteínas, as substituições aminoacídicas da NA que possam estar influenciando na conformação protéica. Durante o período de estudo, foram recebidas no Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios 2619 amostras clínicas de pacientes que apresentavam sinais e sintomas de infecção respiratória aguda com até cinco dias de evolução. Para a detecção do genoma viral foi feita a extração do RNA viral, seguida de RT-PCR em tempo real utilizando marcadores específicos para Influenza A H1N1pdm, resultando em 744 (28,4%) positivas. Parte das amostras positivas foram então inoculadas em células MDCK. Para as amostras isoladas em cultura de células, foi feita uma nova extração do RNA viral seguida de uma RT-PCR e semi-nested (PCR) utilizando iniciadores específicos para o gene NA, e posterior análise em sequenciador automático ABI Prism 3130xl (Applied Biosystems). A modelagem molecular da NA foi realizada através dos softwares SWISS-MODEL, MODELLER 9.10, PROCHECK, VERIFY3D e PYMOL. A análise parcial das sequências da neuraminidase nas amostras sequenciadas mostrou que não houve a circulação de cepas de vírus H1N1pdm com a mutação H275Y, a principal envolvida na resistência ao oseltamivir. Porém, em duas amostras foi identificada a substituição D199N que já foi relatada em vários estudos mostrando uma possível associação com o aumento da resistência ao oseltamivir. As amostras de 2012 apresentaram duas substituições (V241I e N369K) que estão relacionadas com um possível papel na compensação dos efeitos negativos causados pela mutação H275Y. A modelagem molecular mostrou que na mutação D199N houve uma alteração na estrutura da proteína NA próxima ao sítio de ligação ao antiviral. A análise filogenética revelou que as amostras de 2012 formaram um cluster isolado, demonstrando uma variação muito mais temporal do que geográfica. Este representa o primeiro estudo de resistência dos vírus Influenza H1N1pdm na mesorregião metropolitana de Belém, representando um importante instrumento para que os profissionais de saúde adotem estratégias mais eficazes no manejo da doença e no desenvolvimento de novos fármacos anti-influenza.

Expression of P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein, glutathione-S-transferase pi and p53 in canine transmissible venereal tumor

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Inflammatory response of endothelial cells to hepatitis C virus recombinant envelope glycoprotein 2 protein exposure

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Impedance-derived electrochemical capacitance spectroscopy for the evaluation of lectin-glycoprotein binding affinity

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Transient expression of rabies virus G-glycoprotein using BHK-21 cells cultured in suspension

Objective To assess the expression of rabies virus G-glycoprotein (RVGP) expression using Semliki Forest virus as a vector in combination with BHK-21 cells cultured in suspension. Results A multilevel factorial design was used to quantify effects of temperature (33–37 C), fresh medium addition after the viral adsorption step (100–200 % with respect to the initial cell suspension volume before infection) and harvest time (8–40 h) on RVGP production. Experimental runs were performed in 24-well cell culture plates at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 16. An additional experiment in spinner-flask was performed at MOI of 9, using the optimal conditions determined in cell culture plates. Values for temperature, fresh medium addition and harvest time of 33 C, 100 % and 16 h, respectively, ensured the optimal RVGP production in culture plates. The volumetric yield (239 ng ml-1 ) in these conditions was higher than that reported previously for adherent cell culture. In spinner-flasks, the volumetric yield was improved (559 ng ml-1 ). Conclusion These results establish the basis for designing bioprocess to produce RVGP.

Association of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein with vitamin D inhibited experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)