Tamanho da amostra foliar para avaliação do estado nutricional de goiabeiras com e sem irrigação

The ideal size precision of the foliar sample determines manual work optimization, and also diminishes inherent errors in diagnosis reports of nutritional state. This work aimed to determine the size of the foliar samples and the sample error variation in guava plantations submitted to two hydric cultivations for the nutritional state diagnosis of this fruit. The work included two studies, both under an entirely randomized experimental design. Study 1 was carried out in an orchard under unirrigated cultivation with four treatments and six repetitions that consisted of leaf collection in 5, 10, 20 and 40 plants. Study 2 was carried out in an orchard under irrigated cultivation with five treatments and 10 repetitions that consisted of leaf collection in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 guava plants. It was concluded that in unirrigated orchards it is necessary to sample leaves in 40 plants in order to keep the macronutrients sample error between 5 to 10%. For the micronutrients, on the other hand, at least 40 plants were necessary and, if Fe and Zn were considered, the sample must be even larger. In irrigated orchards, leaves deriving from 10 plants were enough to keep the sample error between 5 to 10%. However, considering the micronutrients, it was necessary to sample 20 guava plants.

Morphological alterations on human radicular dentin after exposure to different fruit juice drinks

Purpose: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of different fruit juice drinks available in the Brazilian market on smear layer removal and dentinal tubules opening, as well as to verify the effect of toothbrushing subsequently to the juices exposure. Methods: Dentin specimens were prepared and randomly distributed into the control group (distilled water) and twelve types of fruit juice drinks (cashew, orange, mandarin, apple, passion fruit, guava, strawberry, grape, mango, pear, peach, pineapple). The following treatments were applied: immersion or immersion + brushing. After preparation for SEM, photomicrographs were assessed using an index of smear layer removal. Results: No significant differences regarding smear layer removal and dentinal tubules exposure could be observed between the groups after both treatments (Kruskal-Wallis, post-hoc paired comparisons, P>0.05). The control solution and the fruit juice drinks were not able to remove smear layer and to open dentinal tubules. Significant difference between the applied treatments was detected only for the mango juice group (Mann-Whitney, P<0.05). Conclusion: Under the experimental conditions, the different fruit juice drinks did not promote significant alterations on human radicular dentin morphology regardless of the subsequent application of brushing procedures. Copyright: © 2011 Zandim et al.

Efeitos de diferentes tipos de poda nos teores de nutrients emflores e frutos de goiabeira

A better understanding of the differences between the levels of nutrients, depending on the type of pruning used in the cultivation of the guava tree, may allow a more adequate understanding of the physiological processes of this fruit. The analysis of flowers is a tool that can be used to assist in assessing the nutritional status of crops, especially perennials. We evaluated the effects of different types of pruning on nutrient concentrations in flowers and fruit, at different developmental stages and in different parts of the fruit. The study was carried out in Vista Alegre do Alto, in orchards of guava variety Paluma. Flowers and fruit were collected in orchards, one under heavy pruning and the other with continuous pruning. The fruit were collected in two stages (two millimeters length and mature) and divided into basal part and apex, with the top toward the stalk. Flowers were collected in the same orchards as the fruits, sampling the basal part and apex of the flowers. F tests were performed and, when necessary, the Scott-Knott test at α= 5%. Overall, there were nutritional differences among flowers and fruits in relation to the type of pruning employed; drastic pruning provided higher levels of nutrients compared with continuous pruning. In relation to the portion of the samples, especially for fruit, there were differences between the apex and base, as well as between different stages of fruit collection.

Assessment of the chemical profile, polyphenol content and antioxidant activity in extracts of Psidium Guajava L. fruits

Fruits and vegetables that are rich in polyphenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, may be used to benefit human health by reducing the incidence of cancers and cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated the antioxidant activity of guava, a fruit widely available in Brazil, possibly due to the presence of these polyphenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to analyze the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of various guava extracts, assay their antioxidant activity and record the chromatographic profiles of these extracts, to determine a simple and low way of extracting these compounds efficiently from guava. The results confirmed the presence of polyphenols in guava, including flavonoids, and its antioxidant activity. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the 70% ethanol (by volume) was the most effective solvent to extract these compounds from the fruit, among those tested.

Flutuação populacional e infestação de mosca-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) em função do sistema produtivo de goiaba

The knowledge about population fluctuation of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an important tool to be adopted in pest control. Thus, this research aimed to analyse the population fluctuation of adults of fruit flies and the infestation of larvae in fruits depending on the conventional and organic agricultural systems of guava production in the 2010/2011 harvest. For monitoring the adults of fruit flies, five yellow sticky traps were installed in each system. The infestation percentage and the calculation of the ratio number of larvae/number of fruits were determined at harvest by harvesting 10 mature fruits/plant, in ten plants, for each system. In organic system predominated Anastrepha spp., principally in the period when the fruits were ripening or ripe, represented by elevated infestation percentage, while the conventional system presented low population density of fruit flies, with reduced larvae infestation inside the fruits.

Fatty acids and some antioxidant compounds of Psidium guajava seed oil

Physico-chemical characteristics, fatty acid and tocopherol compositions, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of crude oil extracted from guava (Psidium guajava var. pomifera) seeds were investigated. Oil yield from the seeds was 14.0%. Data obtained for the analytical indexes compared well with those of others edible oils. The oil showed high levels of unsaturated fatty acids (88.1%), mainly linoleic acid (78.4%). The tocopherol and total phenolic contents in the oil amounted to 29.2 and 92.3 mg/100 g, respectively. The guava seed oil exhibited a great DPPH · scavenging activity showing EC₅₀ of 12.9 g oil/g [DPPH · ] -1 and antiradical efficiency of 7.9×10 -2 . Therefore, the potential utilization of the guava seed oil as a raw material of food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries appears to be favourable and provides the use of a renewable resource, adding value to agricultural products.

Aplicación de un subproducto del procesamiento de guayaba en un Ultisol, en presencia y en ausencia de fertilización mineral

There is a relative lack of technical studies on the adequate management of organic wastes from food processing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of applying doses of a byproduct from guava processing, in the presence and absence of mineral fertilization, on the fertility of a an Ultisol (or Red-Yellow Argisol) under laboratory conditions. An entirely randomized 5x2 factorial experimental design was used with five byproduct doses, in the presence and absence of mineral fertilization, with four repetitions, for a total of 40 experimental units. Under the experimental conditions, the attributes pH, OM, K, Mg, BS, T, V, B, Fe, Zn and S-SO42- were affected by the guava byproduct doses, as well as by the presence or absence of mineral fertilization. With the use of this fertilization, the variables OM, K, H+Al, T, Fe and Zn increased more as a function of byproduct dose than in the absence of fertilization. The results obtained demonstrate the potential of using this waste material in the cycling and supply of nutrients.

Estudo da atividade antioxidante de frutas tropicais exóticas sobre espécies reativas de oxigênio de importância biológica em ensaios modelos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Contribuição ao estudo bioquímico de frutas tropicais e exóticas produzidas no Brasil: pectina, açúcar e proteína

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação de caracteristicas físico-químicas e bioquímicas do pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) em suas diversas formas de armazenamento

Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - IQ

Frugivoria por morcegos em floresta estacional semidecídua: dieta, riqueza de espécies e germinação de sementes após passagem pelo sistema digestivo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito da predação por Acanthoscelides schrankiae(Coleoptera: Bruchidae) e de altas temperaturas na germinação de sementes de Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Isolado protéico de farinha de semente de goiaba (Psidium guajava): caracterização de propriedades funcionais e térmicas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito da adubação nitrogenada e potássica em pomar de goiabeiras

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Marcha de absorção de macronutrientes e de micronutrientes em mudas de goiabeira Paluma e Século XXI

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)