Bovine abortion associated with Neospora caninum: Diagnosis and epidemiological aspects of a dairy cattle herd in the northeast region of São Paulo state, Brazil

The objective of this study was to report the presence of Neospora caninum-associated abortion in bovines at a farm in the northeast region of São Paulo State. In January 2010, it was sent to the Department of Pathology, UNESP-Jaboticabal, a bovine fetus with an estimated age of seven months, which was natural of a dairy farm with 300 animals and an average daily production of 3,000 liters of milk, nearly 20 liters per cow. The animals were vaccinated against rabies, foot and mouth disease, carbuncle, brucellosis, leptospirosis, bovine herpes virus type I and bovine viral diarrhea virus. The herd consisted of purebred Holstein animals, Jersey, and mostly by crossbred animals 7-8 (gir x holstein). During necropsy, samples of the serosanguineous liquid present at the thoracic cavity and the heart of the fetus were collected for the detection of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies through Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA). Fragments of brain, cerebellum, tongue, liver, heart and kidneys were collected for the execution of histopathology (HP), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Polymerase Chain Reaction. In order that IFA could be performed, the owner was requested blood samples without anticoagulants of the mother and other cows in the farm, with or without a history of abortion. At necropsy, it was verified a severe autolysis of the fetus. The serology of the fetus was 1:25, while the serology of the mother was 1:3,200. At HP, it was observed discrete multifocal non-suppurative encephalomyelitis characterized by gliosis and mononuclear inflammatory infiltration associated with cellular debris. DNA amplification of N. caninum was positive in fragments of brain, tongue, cerebellum, heart and kidneys. At IHC, it has been observed immunoreactivity to a cyst located in the tongue. The owner reported that his herd showed endemic episodes of abortion, while 27.69% (18/65) of the 65 animals sampled were seropositive. Although it has not been a significant difference (p>0.05), a higher seropositivity was observed in animals with a history of abortion (10/26) 38.46%, in comparison with animals without previous abortion (8/39) 20.51%. These findings show that the abortion under study was provoked by the protozoan N. caninum, while this is the first report concerning cattle in the northeast region of São Paulo State.

Influência da raça do touro (Bos indicus x Bos taurus) na tolerância ao estresse térmico calórico de embriões bovinos produzidos in vitro

To better understand the differences related to HS resistance between Bos indicus and Bos taurus, we aim to verify if the HS tolerance is due mostly to the genetic contribution from the oocyte, spermatozoa or both. Oocytes from Nelore and crossbreed Holstein cows (cHST) were collected, matured and fertilized with semen from Nelore (N), Angus (An), Brahman (Bra) and Gir (Gir) bulls. Nine six hours post insemination (hpi), ≥ 16 cells embryos were separated in two groups: control and HS. In control group, embryos were cultured at 39°C, whereas in the HS group, embryos were subjected to 41°C for 12 h, and then returned to 39°C. There was no effect of HS on blastocyst and hatched blastocyst rates in all breeds analyzed. The percentage of oocytes that cleaved and reached morula stage was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in cHST x Gir as compared to the other breeds. Additionally, blastocyst rates was higher in cHST x N than in cHST x An and cHST x Gir (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the oocyte is more important than the spermatozoa for the development of thermotolerance, since the breed of the bull did not influence embryo development after HS.

Crescimento, comportamento ingestivo e desempenho reprodutivo de novilhas mestiças holandês x zebu, em pastejo, submetidas à suplementação protéica durante a época das águas

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplemental protein during the rainy season on body growth, ingestive behavior and reproductive performance of crossbred Gir x Holstein dairy heifers, with mean age of 21 ± 4.1 months and average initial body weight of 296.7 ± 57.3 kg, distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replicates per treatment. Heifers remained on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture, managed according to a rotational grazing system and, as treatment, it was supplemented with protein concentrate (34%, 43%, 56% and 66% BW) and level of supply of 0.30% body weight (BW). The animals were weighed and the mean weight of the lot was used for the calculation of adjustment of the amount of concentrate offered. Heifers that reached 330.0 kg of live weight were artificially inseminated and, 45 days after insemination, pregnancy diagnosis was performed for the calculation of pregnancy rate and age at conception. No significant difference of protein levels was observed on grazing, eating behavior, productive performance and age at conception of dairy heifers on pasture. The average daily weight gain of BW and age at conception were, on average, 0.907 kg/animal and 24.03 months, respectively.

Short communication: Acute but transient increase in serum insulin reduces messenger RNA expression of hepatic enzymes associated with progesterone catabolism in dairy cows

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of glucose infusion on serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, and progesterone (P4), as well as mRNA expression of hepatic CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 in nonlactating, ovariectomized cows in adequate nutritional status. Eight Gir × Holstein cows were maintained on a low-quality Brachiaria brizantha pasture with reduced forage availability, but they individually received, on average, 3. kg/cow daily (as fed) of a corn-based concentrate from d -28 to 0 of the experiment. All cows had an intravaginal P4-releasing device inserted on d -14, which remained in cows until the end of the experiment (d 1). On d 0, cows were randomly assigned to receive, in a crossover design containing 2 periods of 24. h each (d 0 and 1), (1) an intravenous glucose infusion (GLUC; 0.5. g of glucose/kg of BW, over a 3-h period) or (2) an intravenous saline infusion (SAL; 0.9%, over a 3-h period). Cows were fasted for 12. h before infusions, and they remained fasted during infusion and sample collections. Blood samples were collected at 0, 3, and 6. h relative to the beginning of infusions. Liver biopsies were performed concurrently with blood collections at 0 and 3. h. After the last blood collection of period 1, cows received concentrate and returned to pasture. Cows gained BW (16.5 ± 3.6. kg) and BCS (0.08 ± 0.06) from d -28 to 0. Cows receiving GLUC had greater serum glucose and insulin concentrations at 3. h compared with SAL cohorts. No treatment effects were detected for serum P4 concentrations, although mRNA expression of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 after the infusion period was reduced for cows in the GLUC treatment compared with their cohorts in the SAL treatment. In conclusion, hepatic CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 mRNA expression can be promptly modulated by glucose infusion followed by acute increases in circulating insulin, which provides novel insight into the physiological mechanisms associating nutrition and reproductive function in dairy cows. © 2013 American Dairy Science Association.

Desenvolvimento corporal de novilhas leiteiras suplementadas com minerais inorgânicos e orgânicos em pastejo na época das águas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Regime geral da responsabilidade ambiental e disciplian na Lei n. 9.605/98

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Influência da raça do touro (Bos indicus x Bos taurus) na tolerância ao estresse térmico calórico de embriões bovinos produzidos in vitro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Antecipação da idade à cobertura de novilhas leiteiras, recriadas a pasto, suplementadas com minerais orgânicos e inorgânicos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Degradabilidade in situ e consumo voluntário de capim Tanzânia (Panicum maximu, J. cv. Tanzânia), sob pastejo, por vacas em lactação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Infusão intravenosa de glicose e balanço energético na expressão de enzimas hepáticas responsáveis pelo catabolismo de progesterona em bovinos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Pseudomonas cichorii em tomateiro: ocorrência no Estado de São Paulo, gama de hospedeiras e reação de genótipos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Genome-wide scans to uncover loci underlying bovine reproductive biology

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Fatores que interferem na produção de embriões bovinos mediante aspeiração folicular e fecundação in vitro

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Eficiência reprodutiva em vacas mestiças leiteiras em municípios do nordeste paraense

Foi avaliada a eficiência reprodutiva de vacas mestiças leiteiras criadas em sistema produtivo semi-intensivo de duas fazendas, uma no município de Irituia e outra em Mãe do Rio no nordeste paraense. Foram analisados registros reprodutivos colhidos durante setembro de 2006 a março de 2009. Foram analisadas 851 fêmeas, 106 (12,45%) novilhas e 745 (87,55%) vacas, com um total de 1.356 exames ginecológicos. A taxa de prenhez geral apresentou-se 87,74% para novilhas e 63,35% para vacas. De 1.356 exames realizados 66,41% dos animais apresentavam-se gestantes e 33,59% não gestantes. A taxa de prenhez em relação ao tipo de reprodução foi de 50,66%, 41,30% e 77,27% para Inseminação Artificial convencional (IA), IA em Tempo Fixo (IATF) e Monta natural (MN) respectivamente, com uma média de doses de sêmen por prenhez de 2,01. Os grupos genéticos Guzerá 87,03%, Gir 71,74% e Pardo Suíço 70,54% apresentaram diferenças (p<0,01) na taxa de prenhez em relação ao Girolando com 62,15%, Simental com 61,91% e Holandesa com 59,45%. A taxa de prenhez encontrada na época seca de 75,77% mostrou diferença (p<0,01) na obtida para época menos chuvosa com 58,95%. As médias da idade a primeira cobertura (IPC) e ao primeiro parto (IPP) foram de 29,6±5,71 e 38,57±5,71 meses respectivamente, ocorrendo diferenças (p<0,05) do IPP em relação ao tipo de reprodução IATF e MN e estação mais chuvosa e menos chuvosa. O período de serviço (PS) foi de 110,97±70,87 dias, havendo diferença (p<0,05) entre a estação mais chuvosa e menos chuvosa, e também influencia (p<0,05) da variável ano de estudo, diminuindo de 2006 para 2008 respectivamente. As patologias encontradas foram Ovario hipoplásico 2,35%, Cervix sinuosa 1,52%, abortamento 1,76%, Endometrite 1,29%, Cervix fibrosada 0,7%, Cisto folicular 0,70% ,Aderência Tubovárica 0,12%, Cisto luteínico 0,12%, Pneumovagina 0,12% e Vulva infantil 0,12%.

Análise exploratória de experimentos com bovinos terminados em confinamento

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)