Virtuaaliprototyypin käyttö roottorin dynamiikan analysoinnissa

Työn tavoitteena oli selvittää kaupallisen dynamiikansimulointiohjelmiston so-veltuvuus roottoridynamiikan analysointiin. Työssä keskityttiin erityisesti rootto-rin dynamiikkaan vaikuttavien epäideaalisuuksien mallintamiseen. Simulointitu-losten tarkkuutta selvitettiin mittauksilla. Lisäksi vertailtiin yleiskäyttöisen dyna-miikan simulointiohjelmiston ja roottoridynamiikan erikoisohjelmiston teoriaa. Tutkittava roottori oli paperikoneen putkitela. Telan joustavuus kuvattiin ele-menttimenetelmällä ratkaistujen moodien avulla. Elementtimallissa huomioitiin telan vaipan seinämänpaksuusvaihtelu, joka vaikuttaa telan massa- ja jäykkyysja-kaumaan. Dynamiikkaohjelmistossa mallinnettiin telan tuennasta tulevat herätteet. Dynamiikkaohjelmistona käytettiin ADAMS:ia ja FEM-ohjelmana ANSYS:stä. Tuloksista havaittiin käytetyn menetelmän soveltuvan roottoridynamiikan ana-lysointiin ja roottorin epäideaalisuuksien mallintamiseen. Simulointimallilla saa-tiin esille murtolukukriittiset pyörimisnopeudet ja telan kriittinen pyörimisnopeus vastasi hyvin mittaustuloksia.

"Re-huminization": the role of human-animal similarity in predicting prejudice towards immigrants and non-human animals

Research implies that there ~ay be an association between attitudes toward margil1alized human outgroups and non-human animals. Very few studies, however, have specifically tested this relation empirically. The general purpose of the present research was to determine if such a relation exists and if perceptions of human-animal similarity avail as a common predictor of both types of attitudes. Ideological orientations associated with prejudiced attitudes (Social Dominance Orientation, Right-Wing Authoritarianism, and Universal Orientation) were also examined as individual differences in predicting perceptions of human-animal similarity. As predicted, people who endorsed prejudiced attitudes toward human outgroups (Study 1) and immigrants in particular (Studies 2 and 3), were more likely to endorse prejudiced attitudes toward non-human animals. In Study 2, perceptions that humans are superior (versus similar) to other animals directly predicted higher levels of prejudice toward non-human animals, whereas the effect of human superiority beliefs on immigrant prejudice was mediated by dehumanization. In other words, greater perceptions of humans as superior (versus similar) to other animals "allowed for" greater dehumanization of immigrants, which in turn resulted in heightened immigrant prejudice. Furthermore, people higher in Social Dominance Orientation or Right-Wing Authoritarianism were particularly likely to perceive humans as superior (versus similar) to other animals, whereas people characterized by a greater Universal Orientation were more likely to perceive humans and non-human animals as similar. Study 3 examined whether inducing perceptions of human-animal similarity through experimental manipulation would lead to more favourable attitudes toward non-human animals and immigrants. Participants were randomly assigned to read one of four 11 editorials designed to highlight either the similarities or differences between humans and other animals (i.e., animals are similar to humans; humans are similar to animals;~~nimals are inferior to humans; humans are superior to animals) or to a neutral control condition. Encouragingly, when animals were described as similar to humans, prejudice towards non-human animals and immigrants was significantly lower, and to some extent this finding was also true for people naturally high in prejudice (i.e., high in Social Dominance Orientation or Right-Wing Authoritarianism). Inducing perceptions that nonhuman animals are similar to humans was particularly effective at reducing the tendency to dehumanize immigrants ("re-humanization"), lowering feelings of personal threat regarding one's animal-nature, and at increasing inclusive intergroup representations and empathy, all of which uniquely accounted for the significant decreases in prejudiced attitudes. Implications for research, theory and prejudice interventions are considered.

Designing Meat Packing Plant Handling Facilities for Cattle and Hogs

The focus is on design, more specifically, "animal handling facilities which are labor saving and reduce bruise losses". The article studies: Unloading Chutes, Stockyard Design, Hog Plant Stockyard, General Purpose Small Stockyard, Beef Stockyard, Cattle Crowding Pens, Hog Crowding Pens, Slopes in Chutes and Crowding Pens, Single File Chutes General Recommendations, Single File Chutes for Cattle, Slaughter Restrainers,

Approches générales de résolution pour les problèmes multi-attributs de tournées de véhicules et confection d'horaires

Thèse réalisée en cotutelle entre l'Université de Montréal et l'Université de Technologie de Troyes

Hispanité, Hispanophonie : étude de la rhétorique des discours et de l'agir

Cette thèse de doctorat a été réalisée en cotutelle internationale entre l'Université de Montréal (Canada) et l'Université Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris 3 (France).

La critique biblique chez Spinoza

Ce mémoire consiste en une explication de la critique biblique de Spinoza contenue dans la Traité théologico-politique. Cette critique répond à un problème précis : la subversion de la religion en superstition. Cette critique, nous l’expliquons en quatre parties. La première partie consiste en une mise en situation problématique. Elle montre que le problème biblique, qui appelle une critique, est la subversion de la religion. On y montre aussi l’origine de la superstition et la manière dont elle subvertit la religion. La seconde partie consiste en une mise en contexte historique, où l’on montre la pertinence historique d’une telle critique. Nous voyons en effet que la critique biblique de Spinoza s’inscrit dans une période de controverses théologiques importante. La troisième partie expose la méthode d’interprétation des Écritures de Spinoza (méthode historico-critique) et cherche à éclaircir la notion de lumière naturelle, notion fondamentale de la dite méthode. Enfin, dans la quatrième partie, nous exposons la critique spinoziste des autres méthodes interprétatives, jugées erronées par ce dernier, soient les méthodes surnaturelle, sceptique et dogmatique. Nous le verrons, la critique biblique, qui se rapporte à une question très précise, a une finalité plus générale. En effet, la critique biblique est inséparable du but que se donne Spinoza dans le Traité théologico-politique, soit défendre la liberté de penser et de dire ce que l’on pense. En fait, la critique biblique est un moyen pour réaliser ce but.

Une étude cadavérique pour réduire les risques des approches chirurgicales et percutanées de l’artère fémorale

En chirurgie vasculaire, l’accès à l’artère fémorale, qu’il soit par une incision chirurgicale ou par une approche percutanée, est très fréquemment utilisé pour une multitude d’interventions vasculaires ou endovasculaires; pour des pontages divers, le traitement d’occlusions artérielles, la réparation d’anévrismes et la pose d’endoprothèses. L’objectif général de ce projet de recherche est de faciliter et réduire les risques des approches de l’artère fémorale par une meilleure compréhension anatomique du triangle fémoral. La méthodologie a été réalisée grâce à l’utilisation de cadavres spécialement embaumés par la méthode développée par Walter Thiel. Les résultats présentés dans ce mémoire ont permis de proposer des solutions en réponse à des problèmes cliniques en chirurgie vasculaire. Dans un premier temps, l’étude de la vascularisation cutanée du triangle fémoral a mené à proposer de nouvelles incisions chirurgicales afin de limiter la dévascularisation cutanée des plaies et ainsi réduire les problèmes de cicatrisation observés. Ensuite, nous avons validé l’identification radiographique et échographique de l’artère fémorale à son croisement avec le ligament inguinal afin de faciliter l’identification d’un site de ponction artérielle adéquat. Enfin, nous avons développé une méthode échographique simple qui facilite l’approche percutanée de l’artère fémorale, même chez les patients obèses. Les retombées de ce projet de recherche sont multiples pour les cliniciens, l’étude fournit une meilleure compréhension anatomique tridimensionnelle du triangle fémoral et les techniques proposées dans ce mémoire pourront apporter une amélioration de la pratique chirurgicale et faciliter le travail des médecins. Toutefois, ces propositions devront maintenant être validées en clinique.

Studies on the Utilisation of Rubber Reclaim in Elastomers

The thesis describes utilisation of reclaimed rubber, Whole Tyre Reclaim (WTR) produced from bio non- degradable solid pollutant scrap and used tyres. In this study an attempt has made to optimize the substitution of virgin rubber with WTR in both natural and synthetic rubber compounds without seriously compromising the important mechanical properties. The WTR is used as potent source of rubber hydrocarbon and carbon black filler. Apart from natural rubber (NR), Butadiene rubber (BR), Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and Chloroprene rubber (CR) were selected for study, being the most widely used general purpose and specialty rubbers. The compatibility problem was addressed by functionalisation of WTR with maleic anhydride and by using a coupling agent Si69.The blends were systematically evaluated with respect to various mechanical properties. The thermogravimetric analyses were also carried out to evaluate the thermal stability of the blends.Mechanical properties of the blends were property and matrix dependant. Presence of reinforcing carbon black filler and curatives in the reclaimed rubber improved the mechanical properties with the exception of some of the elastic properties like heat build up, resilience, compression set. When WTR was blended with natural rubber and synthetic rubbers, as the concentration of the low molecular weight, depolymerised WfR was increased above 46-weight percent, the properties deteriorates.When WTR was blended with crystallizing rubbers such as natural rubber and chloroprene rubber, properties like tensile strength, ultimate elongation were decreased in presence of WTR. Where as in the case of blends of WTR with non-crystallizing rubbers reinforcement effect was more prominent.The effect of functionalisation and coupling agent was studied in three matrices having different levels of polarity(NBR, CR and SBR).The grafting of maleic anhydride on to WTR definitely improved the properties of its blends with NBR, CR and SBR, the effect being prominent in Chloroprene rubber.Improvement in properties of these blends could also achieved by using a coupling agent Si69. With this there is apparent plasticizing effect at higher loading of the coupling agent. The optimum concentration of Si69 was 1 phr for improved properties, though the improvements are not as significant as in the case of maleic anhydride grafting.Thermal stability of the blend was increased by using silane-coupling agent.

Studies all transport and magnetic properties of nano particle doped MgB2 superconductor for technological applications

This thesis Entitled Studies on transport and magnetic properties of nano particle doped mgb2 superconductor for technological applications.The thesis ahead focuses on the establishment of enhanced superconducting properties in bulk MgB2 via nano particle doping and its conversion into mono/multifilamentary wires. Further, an attempt has also been made to develop prototypes of MgB2 coil and conduction cooled current lead for technological applications. The thesis is configured into 6 chapters. The opening chapter gives an idea on the phenomenon of superconductivity, the various types of superconductors and its applications in different fields. The second chapter is an introduction on MgB2 superconductor and its relevance which includes crystal and electronic structure, superconducting mechanism, basic superconducting properties along with its present international status. The third chapter provides details on the preparation and characterization techniques followed through out the study on MgB2. Fourth chapter discusses the effect of processing temperature and chemical doping using nano sized dopants on the superconducting properties of MgB2• Fifth chapter deals with the optimization of processing parameters and novel preparation techniques for wire fabrication. Sixth chapter furnishes the preparation of multifilamentary wires with various filament configurations, their electromechanical properties and it also incorporates the development of an MgB2 coil and a general purpose conduction cooled current lead.

Design and synthesis of efficient mac architectures for high speed decimal processor

Most of the commercial and financial data are stored in decimal fonn. Recently, support for decimal arithmetic has received increased attention due to the growing importance in financial analysis, banking, tax calculation, currency conversion, insurance, telephone billing and accounting. Performing decimal arithmetic with systems that do not support decimal computations may give a result with representation error, conversion error, and/or rounding error. In this world of precision, such errors are no more tolerable. The errors can be eliminated and better accuracy can be achieved if decimal computations are done using Decimal Floating Point (DFP) units. But the floating-point arithmetic units in today's general-purpose microprocessors are based on the binary number system, and the decimal computations are done using binary arithmetic. Only few common decimal numbers can be exactly represented in Binary Floating Point (BF P). ln many; cases, the law requires that results generated from financial calculations performed on a computer should exactly match with manual calculations. Currently many applications involving fractional decimal data perform decimal computations either in software or with a combination of software and hardware. The performance can be dramatically improved by complete hardware DFP units and this leads to the design of processors that include DF P hardware.VLSI implementations using same modular building blocks can decrease system design and manufacturing cost. A multiplexer realization is a natural choice from the viewpoint of cost and speed.This thesis focuses on the design and synthesis of efficient decimal MAC (Multiply ACeumulate) architecture for high speed decimal processors based on IEEE Standard for Floating-point Arithmetic (IEEE 754-2008). The research goal is to design and synthesize deeimal'MAC architectures to achieve higher performance.Efficient design methods and architectures are developed for a high performance DFP MAC unit as part of this research.

Dataflow Computation for the J-Machine

The dataflow model of computation exposes and exploits parallelism in programs without requiring programmer annotation; however, instruction- level dataflow is too fine-grained to be efficient on general-purpose processors. A popular solution is to develop a "hybrid'' model of computation where regions of dataflow graphs are combined into sequential blocks of code. I have implemented such a system to allow the J-Machine to run Id programs, leaving exposed a high amount of parallelism --- such as among loop iterations. I describe this system and provide an analysis of its strengths and weaknesses and those of the J-Machine, along with ideas for improvement.

Teaching an Old Robot New Tricks: Learning Novel Tasks via Interaction with People and Things

As AI has begun to reach out beyond its symbolic, objectivist roots into the embodied, experientialist realm, many projects are exploring different aspects of creating machines which interact with and respond to the world as humans do. Techniques for visual processing, object recognition, emotional response, gesture production and recognition, etc., are necessary components of a complete humanoid robot. However, most projects invariably concentrate on developing a few of these individual components, neglecting the issue of how all of these pieces would eventually fit together. The focus of the work in this dissertation is on creating a framework into which such specific competencies can be embedded, in a way that they can interact with each other and build layers of new functionality. To be of any practical value, such a framework must satisfy the real-world constraints of functioning in real-time with noisy sensors and actuators. The humanoid robot Cog provides an unapologetically adequate platform from which to take on such a challenge. This work makes three contributions to embodied AI. First, it offers a general-purpose architecture for developing behavior-based systems distributed over networks of PC's. Second, it provides a motor-control system that simulates several biological features which impact the development of motor behavior. Third, it develops a framework for a system which enables a robot to learn new behaviors via interacting with itself and the outside world. A few basic functional modules are built into this framework, enough to demonstrate the robot learning some very simple behaviors taught by a human trainer. A primary motivation for this project is the notion that it is practically impossible to build an "intelligent" machine unless it is designed partly to build itself. This work is a proof-of-concept of such an approach to integrating multiple perceptual and motor systems into a complete learning agent.

MapFish. A WebGIS 2.0 Framework: toolkit to build rich client WebGIS

MapFish is an open-source development framework for building webmapping applications. MapFish is based on the OpenLayers API and the Geo extension of Ext library, and extends the Pylons general-purpose web development framework with geo-specific functionnalities. This presentation first describes what the MapFish development framework provides and how it can help developers implement rich web-mapping applications. It then demonstrates through real web-mapping realizations what can be achieved using MapFish : Geo Business Intelligence applications, 2D/3D data visualization, on/off line data edition, advanced vectorial print functionnalities, advanced administration suite to build WebGIS applications from scratch, etc. In particular, the web-mapping application for the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and a Regional Spatial Data Infrastructure will be demonstrated

VLSI architecture for an Underwater Robot Vision System

It is well known that image processing requires a huge amount of computation, mainly at low level processing where the algorithms are dealing with a great number of data-pixel. One of the solutions to estimate motions involves detection of the correspondences between two images. For normalised correlation criteria, previous experiments shown that the result is not altered in presence of nonuniform illumination. Usually, hardware for motion estimation has been limited to simple correlation criteria. The main goal of this paper is to propose a VLSI architecture for motion estimation using a matching criteria more complex than Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD) criteria. Today hardware devices provide many facilities for the integration of more and more complex designs as well as the possibility to easily communicate with general purpose processors

Los motivos y estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las madres según sus profesiones.

Saber el modo en que influyen las profesiones de las madres en los motivos y estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje que utilizan con sus hijos, tanto en situaciones hipotéticas como reales. Compuesta por 98 madres entre los 26 y 45 años de edad, con sus correspondientes hijos entre los 7 y 11 años. Las madres se eligieron según su dedicación (madres enseñantes, madres de otras profesiones y madres amas de casa) y lugar de residencia (urbana, rural, en la periferia). Los niños (50 niños y 48 niñas) cursaban entre 2 y 6 de EGB. De las madres enseñantes, 7 tenían nivel alto, 23 medio. De otras profesiones 12 tenían nivel bajo, 18 medio, 4 superior y de las amas de casa, 29 tenían nivel bajo, 4 nivel medio y 1 superior. Básicamente se realizaron tres tipos de mediciones: medición de las teorías implícitas de las madres sobre el desarrollo y la educación de los hijos, resultando los factores (teoría constructiva, teoría nurturista y teoría ambientalista) medición de los motivos y estrategias de enseñanza que utilizan las madres con sus hijos, resultando los factores: madre como guía-mediadora, estrategias de alta calidad (formados por las variables: simplificación, ordenación, instrucción directa, ensayo y error...), madre como soporte asistencial, estrategias de baja calidad (con las variables: apoyo personal, no hacer nada, suplantar la acción, feedback negativo...), motivos centrados en los intereses del adulto y motivos centrados en las necesidades del niño (con las variables: pragmático, control de comportamiento, instruccional, lúdico...) y medida observacional de la interacción entre la madre y el hijo-a. Cuestionario por García y Rodrigo, cuestionario de Ideas sobre la Educación y Desarrollo de los hijos (Triana y Rodrigo), cuestionario de Estrategias y Motivos de Enseñanza, etc. Programa informático General Purpose Sequential Analyser. Las madres enseñantes no muestran diferencias en las teorías que dicen sostener, frente a las madres de otras profesiones y amas de casa. Las madres de nivel profesional más bajo, dicen sostener en situaciones hipotéticas, teorías de tipo ambientalista y las madres enseñantes dicen utilizar menos esta teoría. Las madres de nivel educativo medio-alto, esto es, enseñantes, dicen tener motivos centrados en las necesidades del niño (instruccionales y lúdicos), mientras que las madres de nivel educativo bajo, fundamentalmente otras profesiones no relacionadas con la enseñanza y amas de casa, mostraban su elección hacia motivos centrados en los intereses del adulto (pragmático y de control de comportamiento). En cuanto a la calidad de las estrategias de enseñanza utilizadas, se ve que las madres enseñantes con nivel educativo y profesional alto, muestran estrategias de enseñanza de alta calidad, frente a las madres de otras profesiones y amas de casa, que dicen utilizar de baja calidad. Las madres cuyos motivos de enseñanza están centrados en las necesidades del niño, muestran estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje como guías-mediadoras, por el contrario, las madres cuyos motivos están centrados en los intereses del adulto, utilizan estrategias asistenciales. Las madres enseñantes preparan el entorno de aprendizaje del niño, resolviendo las dudas que éste le plantea, observándole mientras él soluciona el problema, habiendo momentos en que suplanta la acción del niño. Por contra, las de otras profesiones, no preparan el entorno de aprendizaje y las amas de casa, permanecen pasivas. Las profesiones de las madres, no suponen que éstas tengan determinadas teorías implícitas sobre el desarrollo y educación de sus hijos. Las madres enseñantes, utilizan pautas de aprendizaje más eficaces que las madres de otras profesiones y las amas de casa y además, dicen tener motivos centrados en las necesidades del niño frente a las de otras profesiones y amas de casa, que dicen tenerlos centrados en los intereses del adulto. Existe relación entre la eficacia percibida y la frecuencia de uso de las estrategias de enseñanza que dicen utilizar las madres en situaciones hipotéticas, al igual que entre los motivos y estrategias que dicen utilizar y las que realmente usan en situaciones reales.