284 resultados para Gambling
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Annual report to the governor produced by the Iowa Racing and Gaming Commission.
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This thesis examines the interplay between state regulation and the way organisations define performance. Performance is generally understood to be a multidimensional concept, but the extent to which its different facets are shaped by regulation remains an understudied question. This thesis aims to address this question and provide at least a partial answer to it. To do so, it examines whether the level of regulation amplifies or abates the multidimensionality of regulated entities' performance definition, i.e. the way they define the concept of performance. The leading question is whether an organisation's performance definition can be associated with the regulatory intensity its environment confronts it with. Moreover, the study explores whether the type of ownership-public or private-plays a role in regard to how a regulated entity defines performance. In order to undertake this investigation, the thesis focuses on the performance definitions of organisations in six different sport betting and lottery regulations. Qualitative data is gathered from primary and secondary documents as well as through semi-structured interviews with chief executive officers (CEO), members of executive management and gambling experts in each of these countries. The thesis concludes that the performance definitions of the organisations under study are indeed multidimensional, as well as clearly influenced by their respective regulatory environments. However, not all performance dimensions identified in the literature are present, nor can they all be estimated to be part of the performance definition. In addition, the public-private difference in defining performance-as conceptualised in the literature- seems to be abated in a regulated environment. The central role played by regulation in regard to the multidimensionality of the performance definition partially outweighs the effect of the nature of ownership.
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The choice network revenue management (RM) model incorporates customer purchase behavioras customers purchasing products with certain probabilities that are a function of the offeredassortment of products, and is the appropriate model for airline and hotel network revenuemanagement, dynamic sales of bundles, and dynamic assortment optimization. The underlyingstochastic dynamic program is intractable and even its certainty-equivalence approximation, inthe form of a linear program called Choice Deterministic Linear Program (CDLP) is difficultto solve in most cases. The separation problem for CDLP is NP-complete for MNL with justtwo segments when their consideration sets overlap; the affine approximation of the dynamicprogram is NP-complete for even a single-segment MNL. This is in contrast to the independentclass(perfect-segmentation) case where even the piecewise-linear approximation has been shownto be tractable. In this paper we investigate the piecewise-linear approximation for network RMunder a general discrete-choice model of demand. We show that the gap between the CDLP andthe piecewise-linear bounds is within a factor of at most 2. We then show that the piecewiselinearapproximation is polynomially-time solvable for a fixed consideration set size, bringing itinto the realm of tractability for small consideration sets; small consideration sets are a reasonablemodeling tradeoff in many practical applications. Our solution relies on showing that forany discrete-choice model the separation problem for the linear program of the piecewise-linearapproximation can be solved exactly by a Lagrangian relaxation. We give modeling extensionsand show by numerical experiments the improvements from using piecewise-linear approximationfunctions.
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The Annual Report of the Iowa Racing and Gaming Commission is committed to maintaining a vibrant racing and gaming industry that provides economic growth and development for the State of Iowa while continuing to promote responsible gaming.
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The Annual Report of the Iowa Racing and Gaming Commission is committed to maintaining a vibrant racing and gaming industry that provides economic growth and development for the State of Iowa while continuing to promote responsible gaming.
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2009 Annual Report on behalf of the Iowa Racing and Gaming Commission (the Commission). The Commission is committed to maintaining a vibrant gaming industry that provides economic growth and development for the State of Iowa while continuing to promote responsible gaming and ensuring continued participation in the "Buy Iowa First" program. Although revenues at the casinos slipped during the year reflecting the general downturn in the economy, the gaming industry once again contributed over $1 billion to the state's economy, including over $300 million in gaming taxes.
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Gaming revenue report from Department Inspect
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Gaming revenue report from Department Inspect
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Gaming revenue report from Department Inspect
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Gaming revenue report from Department Inspect
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The 2015 Annual Report for the Iowa Racing & Gaming Commission.
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Controversial results have been reported concerning the neural mechanisms involved in the processing of rewards and punishments. On the one hand, there is evidence suggesting that monetary gains and losses activate a similar fronto-subcortical network. On the other hand, results of recent studies imply that reward and punishment may engage distinct neural mechanisms. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) we investigated both regional and interregional functional connectivity patterns while participants performed a gambling task featuring unexpectedly high monetary gains and losses. Classical univariate statistical analysis showed that monetary gains and losses activated a similar fronto-striatallimbic network, in which main activation peaks were observed bilaterally in the ventral striatum. Functional connectivity analysis showed similar responses for gain and loss conditions in the insular cortex, the amygdala, and the hippocampus that correlated with the activity observed in the seed region ventral striatum, with the connectivity to the amygdala appearing more pronounced after losses. Larger functional connectivity was found to the medial orbitofrontal cortex for negative outcomes. The fact that different functional patterns were obtained with both analyses suggests that the brain activations observed in the classical univariate approach identi es the involvement of different functional networks in the current task. These results stress the importance of studying functional connectivity in addition to standard fMRI analysis in reward-related studies.
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A variety of behavioral disorders occurring abruptly in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) has been recently published and attracted considerable attention in the press. Taking the form of pathological gambling, compulsive shopping, addiction to Internet and to other recreational activities, hypersexuality or bulimia, impulse control disorders (ICD) related to PD are probably more frequent than previously appreciated and may have consequences as spectacular as disastrous for the involved patients. ICD are currently viewed as particular adverse reactions to antiparkinsonian medications, notably to dopamine agonists, and, accordingly, tend to improve or disappear when PD therapy is appropriately adjusted.
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While problematic Internet use is recognized to be predominant among male adolescents, a female trend is gradually becoming apparent. Our study aimed at investigating the characteristics of female Internet users and distinguishing between the online activities of problematic and regular Internet users' on school days. Data were retrieved from a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of 3067 8th graders in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, that completed an online questionnaire in 2012. Only females were included. Based on the Internet addiction test, the sample was divided into regular (RUs) (IAT < 50, n = 1339) and problematic users (PIUs) (IAT ≥ 50, n = 201). Groups were compared regarding sociodemographic variables, online activities, devices used to access the Internet, substance use, and physical activity. Significant variables were included in a backward logistic regression. At the multivariate level, PIUs were more prone to spend time online for leisure activities (odds ratio [OR] 2.38) and to access the Internet through a smartphone (OR 1.79) or tablet (OR 1.84). PIUs were less likely to be physically active (OR 0.86) and more likely to present poor emotional well-being (OR 2.67) and to smoke (OR 1.88). CONCLUSION: A sizeable percentage of female adolescents are problematic Internet users. When performing a comprehensive biopsychosocial assessment, teenagers owning numerous devices to access the Internet, presenting other health-compromising behaviors or poor emotional well-being should be specifically targeted. WHAT IS KNOWN: ? Problematic Internet use has been found to be predominant among males. ? Specific online activities have been identified as being addictive for young men and women differently. ? Problematic Internet use is known to impact in several ways the general health and daily functioning of teenagers. What is New: ? A sizeable percentage of female adolescents are problematic Internet users. ? Tobacco use, poor well-being, as well as compact devices to access the Internet are positively related to problematic Internet use. ? In addition to their special interest in online social and communicational activities, female problematic Internet users also reported more online gambling.
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We all make decisions of varying levels of importance every day. Because making a decision implies that there are alternative choices to be considered, almost all decision involves some conflicts or dissatisfaction. Traditional economic models esteem that a person must weight the positive and negative outcomes of each option, and based on all these inferences, determines which option is the best for that particular situation. However, individuals rather act as irrational agents and tend to deviate from these rational choices. They somewhat evaluate the outcomes' subjective value, namely, when they face a risky choice leading to losses, people are inclined to have some preference for risk over certainty, while when facing a risky choice leading to gains, people often avoid to take risks and choose the most certain option. Yet, it is assumed that decision making is balanced between deliberative and emotional components. Distinct neural regions underpin these factors: the deliberative pathway that corresponds to executive functions, implies the activation of the prefrontal cortex, while the emotional pathway tends to activate the limbic system. These circuits appear to be altered in individuals with ADHD, and result, amongst others, in impaired decision making capacities. Their impulsive and inattentive behaviors are likely to be the cause of their irrational attitude towards risk taking. Still, a possible solution is to administrate these individuals a drug treatment, with the knowledge that it might have several side effects. However, an alternative treatment that relies on cognitive rehabilitation might be appropriate. This project was therefore aimed at investigate whether an intensive working memory training could have a spillover effect on decision making in adults with ADHD and in age-matched healthy controls. We designed a decision making task where the participants had to select an amount to gamble with the chance of 1/3 to win four times the chosen amount, while in the other cases they could loose their investment. Their performances were recorded using electroencephalography prior and after a one-month Dual N-Back training and the possible near and far transfer effects were investigated. Overall, we found that the performance during the gambling task was modulated by personality factors and by the importance of the symptoms at the pretest session. At posttest, we found that all individuals demonstrated an improvement on the Dual N-Back and on similar untrained dimensions. In addition, we discovered that not only the adults with ADHD showed a stable decrease of the symptomatology, as evaluated by the CAARS inventory, but this reduction was also detected in the control samples. In addition, Event-Related Potential (ERP) data are in favor of an change within prefrontal and parietal cortices. These results suggest that cognitive remediation can be effective in adults with ADHD, and in healthy controls. An important complement of this work would be the examination of the data in regard to the attentional networks, which could empower the fact that complex programs covering the remediation of several executive functions' dimensions is not required, a unique working memory training can be sufficient. -- Nous prenons tous chaque jour des dcisions ayant des niveaux d'importance variables. Toutes les dcisions ont une composante conflictuelle et d'insatisfaction, car prendre une dcision implique qu'il y ait des choix alternatifs considrer. Les modles conomiques traditionnels estiment qu'une personne doit peser les consquences positives et ngatives de chaque option et en se basant sur ces infrences, dtermine quelle option est la meilleure dans une situation particulire. Cependant, les individus peuvent dvier de ces choix rationnels. Ils valuent plutt les valeur subjective des rsultats, c'est--dire que lorsqu'ils sont face un choix risqu pouvant les mener des pertes, les gens ont tendance avoir des prfrences pour le risque la place de la certitude, tandis que lorsqu'ils sont face un choix risqu pouvant les conduire un gain, ils vitent de prendre des risques et choisissent l'option la plus su^re. De nos jours, il est considr que la prise de dcision est balance entre des composantes dlibratives et motionnelles. Ces facteurs sont sous-tendus par des rgions neurales distinctes: le chemin dlibratif, correspondant aux fonctions excutives, implique l'activation du cortex prfrontal, tandis que le chemin motionnel active le systme limbique. Ces circuits semblent tre dysfonctionnels chez les individus ayant un TDAH, et rsulte, entre autres, en des capacits de prise de dcision altres. Leurs comportements impulsifs et inattentifs sont probablement la cause de ces attitudes irrationnelles face au risque. Cependant, une solution possible est de leur administrer un traitement mdicamenteux, en prenant en compte les potentiels effets secondaires. Un traitement alternatif se reposant sur une rhabilitation cognitive pourrait tre approprie. Le but de ce projet est donc de dterminer si un entrainement intensif de la mmoire de travail peut avoir un effet sur la prise de dcision chez des adultes ayant un TDAH et chez des contrles sains du mme ge. Nous avons conu une tche de prise de dcision dans laquelle les participants devaient slectionner un montant jouer en ayant une chance sur trois de gagner quatre fois le montant choisi, alors que dans l'autre cas, ils pouvaient perdre leur investissement. Leurs performances ont t enregistres en utilisant l'lectroencphalographie avant et aprs un entrainement d'un mois au Dual N-Back, et nous avons tudi les possibles effets de transfert. Dans l'ensemble, nous avons trouv au pr-test que les performances au cours du jeu d'argent taient modules par les facteurs de personnalit, et par le degr des sympt^omes. Au post-test, nous avons non seulement trouv que les adultes ayant un TDAH montraient une diminutions stable des symptmes, qui taient valus par le questionnaire du CAARS, mais que cette rduction tait galement perue dans l'chantillon des contrles. Les rsultats exprimentaux mesurs l'aide de l'lctroencphalographie suggrent un changement dans les cortex prfrontaux et paritaux. Ces rsultats suggrent que la remdiation cognitive est efficace chez les adultes ayant un TDAH, mais produit aussi un effet chez les contrles sains. Un complment important de ce travail pourrait examiner les donnes sur l'attention, qui pourraient renforcer l'ide qu'il n'est pas ncessaire d'utiliser des programmes complexes englobant la remdiation de plusieurs dimensions des fonctions excutives, un simple entraiment de la mmoire de travail devrait suffire.
