990 resultados para G2


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对蛇属鱼类进行形态度量学及主成分分析的研究结果表明 :蛇属共有 6个有效种 ,分别是长蛇 (Sauro gobiodumeriliBleeker)、蛇 (S .dabryiBleeker)、无斑蛇 (S .immaculatusKoller)、细尾蛇 (S .gracilicaudatusYaoetYang)湘江蛇 (S .xiangjiangensisTang)和光唇蛇 (S .gymnocheilusLo ,YaoetChen)。云南程海蛇和其他地理区域的蛇在形态上没有显著的差异

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为大量获得具有生物学活性的草鱼生长激素 ,对草鱼生长激素cDNA在毕赤酵母中的表达进行了研究。将草鱼生长激素cDNA克隆入毕赤酵母表达载体pGAPZ α B ,构建表达载体pGAPZ α B GH。在三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶 (GAP)启动子的调控作用下 ,一个类似于天然生长激素大小、分子量约 2 2kD的蛋白获得表达 ,其表达量约 5 0mg L。Western杂交表明 :表达的蛋白与兔抗草鱼生长激素的多克隆抗体特异结合 ,证实该表达蛋白为草鱼生长激素 ;受体夹心式ELISA检测表明 :表达的草鱼生长激素具生

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以梅山猪和长白猪的背最长肌为材料 ,利用抑制性消减杂交技术成功构建了梅山猪与长白猪肌肉组织间正反向消减cDNA文库。以管家基因G3PDH作为消减指标 ,检测梅山猪和长白猪两个消减文库的消减效率分别高达 2 10 和 2 5倍 ,表明某些特异于两种肌肉组织的差异表达基因的富集效率也分别接近 2 10 和 2 5倍。从两个消减文库中分别筛选到了 70 9和 6 73个有效阳性克隆 ,PCR鉴定插入片段长度主要分布于 15 0~ 75 0bp之间。不同猪种肌肉组织间消减cDNA文库的构建为进一步分离和鉴定与猪肌

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目前动物克隆技术体系极待完善 ,其极低的成功率及克隆动物普遍存在的早衰、早夭现象是阻碍研究深入进行的首要问题 ,其突破的关键在于对核移植后的细胞核再程序化机制的阐明。从移植核在结构上的重塑、移植核与受体卵细胞质所处的细胞周期及其相互作用、重构胚与两性胚在分子水平的变化等多方面研究表明 :受体细胞质的环境对于细胞核的再程序化至关重要 ,处于有丝分裂各时期的细胞作为核供体一旦移植到卵母细胞后 ,移植核在卵质环境里将出现结构上的重塑和分子的再程序化 ;移植核与受体卵间细胞周期的相容性、重构胚的染色体倍性的正确与

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武汉东湖后湖湖区浮游甲壳动物群落结构从 6 0年代至 90年代发生了十分显著的变化。浮游甲壳动物的物种丰度下降非常明显 ,枝角类的种类数从 6 0年代的 47种下降至 90年代的 1 7种 ,桡足类的种类数由 6 0年代的 1 4种下降为 90年代的 9种。 6 0年代枝角类的优势种隆线一亚种在 90年代被短尾秀体所取代 ,6 0年代的两种优势哲水蚤——长江新镖水蚤与特异荡镖水蚤的优势在 90年代消失 ,而 6 0年代很少的一种剑水蚤——台湾温剑水蚤在90年代跃升为优势种。随着滤食性鱼类密度的上升 ,

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将稀有鲫 (Gobiocyprisrarus)精子与重组质粒pCAhLFc线性DNA混合温育 ,经电脉冲处理后与卵子受精 ,孵化出苗。从鱼苗中提取DNA ,经PCR检测 ,2 5 .5 %~ 6 6 .7%鱼苗带有外源基因。在显微镜下观察经电脉冲处理过的精子 ,发现其活力有不同程度下降 ,受精率也有不同程度下降 ,说明不同的电脉冲条件对精子有不同程度的损害作用。精子与外源DNA混合温育 ,经电脉冲处理后 ,用DNA外切酶消化后 ,提取精子DNA ,经PCR检测 ,仍有阳性电泳带 ,证明电脉冲可以促使稀有

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对武汉东湖 4个不同营养水平和不同滤食性鱼类密度的湖区 1 993— 1 998年期间的浮游甲壳动物群落结构进行了比较研究。结果表明 ,营养水平及滤食性鱼类的密度以Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ站的次序依次下降 ;各站间浮游甲壳动物总生物量及各类群 (枝角类、剑水蚤和哲水蚤 )的生物量差异较大 ,并且哲水蚤相对于剑水蚤的优势度以Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ站的次序上升。浮游甲壳动物优势种结构在Ⅰ、Ⅱ站与Ⅲ、Ⅳ站间的差异尤为明显 :近邻剑水蚤与微型裸腹生物量在营养水平及鱼类生物量高的Ⅰ、Ⅱ站显著较高 ,而盔型透明的生物量在营养水平及

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以武汉东湖为对象 ,研究了 1 998.0 3— 1 999.0 2期间不同营养水平湖区底泥中 (0—5cm ,5— 1 0cm)总磷的含量及季节动态。 6个站平均总磷含量为 1 .1 5mg/g ,同 80年代初相比 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ站底泥中总磷含量分别增高 1 .42倍和 1 .0 3倍。受污水排放影响较重的 0站磷含量高达 2 .78mg/g,而受污水排放影响较小的Ⅳ、Ⅴ站仅分别为 0 .52mg/g和 0 .50mg/g。东湖底泥中磷年平均含量与湖水中磷年平均浓度相关系数极高 (r=0 .997,n =5

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在武汉东湖营养水平不同的四个湖区 ,对大型底栖动物的群落结构和物种多样性进行周年研究。大型底栖动物的物种多样性与营养水平呈相反趋势 ,富营养化导致多样性明显降低。研究还表明 ,霍甫水丝蚓的密度与水体营养水平呈正相关系 ,在超富营养水体中其密度最高 ,年平均 350 2ind ./m2 ,最高可达 1 0 52 4ind ./m2 ,这与其能忍受由于富营养导致的低氧环境有关 ;而在中营养水体中平均密度仅 2 7ind ./m2 。首次讨论了中国长足摇蚊与水体营养水平的关系 ,研究结果显示 ,中国长足摇蚊应属

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取源于武汉两个不同渔场两尾白鲢的卵子,经紫外照射遗传物质失活的鲤鱼精子刺激雌核发育和热休克诱导第二极体保留的基因组操作技术,获得了两个不同的人工雌核发育白鲢群体。采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板电泳技术,分析了这两个不同人工雌核发育白鲢群体(分别称为Hy-G1和Hy-G2)内不同个体的肝脏、肌肉组织以及红细胞中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、酯酶(EST)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等几种同工酶的表达谱式,并与普通繁殖的同龄白鲢进行了比较。结果表明,各个雌核发育白鲢群体内不同个体间的酶谱表现出很大程度的一

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This study was designed to determine cytotoxic effects of PBDE-47 and HBCDs individually or with a mixture of both compounds exposure to Hep G2 cells. The results showed PBDE-47 and HBCDs induced increase of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, release of NO. dissipation of mitochondria membrane potential and cell apoptosis. Exposure to HBCDs induced ROS formation. Moreover, preincubation with PTIO (NO scavanger) and N-acetylcysteine (ROS scavanger) partially reversed cytotoxic effects of these compounds. The possible mechanism is that PBDE-47 and HBCDs could boost generation of NO and/or ROS, impact mitochondria, and result in start-ups of apoptosis program. Cells exposed to mixture of both compounds and each of them showed non-apoptotic rate significant difference, but the combination of them caused more adverse effects on cells. These results Suggest that PBDE-47 and HBCDs in single and complex exposure have the cytotoxic activity of anti-proliferation and induction of apoptosis in tumor cells in vitro. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Except for the complement C1q, the immunological functions of other C1q family members have remained unclear. Here we describe zebrafish C1q-like, whose transcription and translation display a uniform distribution in early embryos, and are restricted to mid-hind brain and eye in later embryos. In vitro studies showed that C1q-like could inhibit the apoptosis induced by ActD and CHX in EPC cells, through repressing caspase 3/9 activities. Moreover, its physiological roles were studied by morpholino-mediated knockdown in zebrafish embryogenesis. In comparison with control embryos, the C1q-like knockdown embryos display obvious defects in the head and cramofacial development mediated through p53-induced apoptosis, which was confirmed by the in vitro transcribed C1q-like mRNA or p53 MO co-injection. TUNEL assays revealed extensive cell death, and caspase 3/9 activity measurement also revealed about two folds increase in C1q-like morphant embryos, which was inhibited by p53 MO co-injection. Real-time quantitative PCR showed the up-regulation expression of several apoptosis regulators such as p53, mdm2, p21, Box and caspase 3, and down-regulation expression of hbae1 in the C1q-like morphant embryos. Knockdown of C1q-like in zebrafish embryos decreased hemoglobin production and impaired the organization of mesencephalic vein and other brain blood vessels. Interestingly, exposure of zebrafish embryos to UV resulted in an increase in mRNA expression of C1q-like, whereas over-expression of C1q-like was not enough resist to the damage. Furthermore, C1q-like transcription was up-regulated in response to pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila, and embryo survival significantly decreased in the C1q-like morphants after exposure to the bacteria. The data suggested that C1q-like might play an antiapoptotic and protective role in inhibiting p53-dependent and caspase 3/9-mediated apoptosis during embryogenesis, especially in the brain development, and C1q-like should be a novel regulator of cell survival during zebrafish embryogenesis. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Thymidylate synthase (TS), an essential enzyme in DNA synthesis and repair, plays a key role in the events of cell cycle regulation and tumor formation. Here, an investigation was presented about subcellular location and biological function of viral TS from lymphocystis disease virus from China (LCDV-C) in fish cells. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that LCDV-C TS was predominantly localized in the cytoplasm in fish cells. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that LCDV-C TS promoted cell cycle progression into S and G2/M phase in the constitutive expressed cells. As a result, the cells have a faster growth rate compared with the control cells as revealed by cell growth curves. For foci assay, the TS-expressed cells gave rise to foci 4-5 weeks after incubation. Microscopic examination of the TS-induced foci revealed multilayered growth and crisscross morphology characteristic of transformed cells. Moreover, LCDV-C TS predisposed the transfected cells to acquire an anchorage-independent phenotype and could grow in 0.3% soft agar. So the data reveal LCDV-C TS is sufficient to induce a transformed phenotype in fish cells in vitro and exhibits its potential ability in cell transformation. To our knowledge, it is the first report on viral TS sequences associated with transforming activity. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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共轭树枝状大分子在电致发光、薄膜晶体管、非线性光学以及光合成过程人工模拟中具有潜在的应用前景。然而,为了实现上述应用,我们需要探讨新的合成方法和更深入地探讨树枝状大分子内部电子或能量的传输过程。本人在王佛松院士和王献红研究员的悉心指导下,对官能化苯乙炔树枝状大分子的合成及性质进行了初步的研究。主要工作总结如下:一、采用新的合成方案合成苯乙炔树枝状大分子。利用树脂固载的重复“收敛/发散”的合成方案合成高溶解性苯乙炔类树枝状大分子,每次重复后,代数以2的指数次方在增长、每一步的分离纯化都是相当容易的,产物只需充分冲洗,即可达到分离纯化的目的,克服了收敛和发散中存在的缺陷。这个方案的另一个重要进步在于其中心及末梢都容易官能化,在其中心或末端连上不同的电活性或光活性基团可实现这种树枝大分子的多方面应用。二、氧化还原活性的苯乙炔树枝状大分子的合成。将苯乙炔树状大分子的中心键合上具有氧化还原活性的二茂铁基团,得到一代、二代、四代电活性树枝状大分子。三、氧化还原活性的苯乙炔树枝大分子的电化学性质。对所合成的一代、二代、四代电活性树枝状大分子进行计时安培方法和循环伏安测试分别得到扩散系数D_0和标准电子转移速率常数k_0,它们都随着树枝状大分子代数的增长呈现明显的衰减现象。通过电化学方法揭示了随着树枝状大分子代数的增加,电极与氧化还原电对之间的电子转移呈现了明显的衰减关系。树枝状大分子Fc-G1, Fc-G2和Fc-G4的计算机优化构象表明随着代数的增长氧化还原电对被包埋得更加紧密,这种包埋程度的差异强烈地影响了氧化还原电对与电极之间的电子传输速率。

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纳米结构及其潜在应用引起的广泛兴趣使树枝状大分子化学的研究迅速发展。本论文开展了官能化苯乙炔树枝状分子的合成、电化学性质及自组装的初步研究,主要工作总结如下:一、末端为硝基的苯乙炔树枝状分子的合成和电化学性质我们采用树脂固载的"收敛/发散"的合成方案合成了第一、二代末端为硝基的苯乙炔树枝状分子。然后通过偶联将其转化为中心为氨基,末端为硝基的苯乙炔树枝状分子NH2-Gl-(NO2)2,NH2-G2-(NO2)4以及中心为二茂铁、末端为硝基的苯乙炔树枝状分子Fc一Gl一(N。2)2。循环伏安方法测试了各树枝状分子的电化学性质。二、中心为乙酞疏基的苯乙炔树枝状分子的合成和自组装通过树脂固载的"收敛/发散"的合成方案得到的第一、二代末端为三甲基硅的苯乙炔树枝状分子,和第一、二代末端为硝基的苯乙炔树枝状分子,均采用偶联方法在中心修饰上乙酞琉基,得到树枝状分子AcS一Gl一(SiMe_3)_2,Acs-G2-(SiMe_3)_4,AcS-Gl-(NO_2)_2和AcS-G2-(NO_2)_4。然后将它们分别组装在金电极上,通过循环伏安和交流阻抗法研究了修饰后电极表面的钝化行为。三、末端为氨基的苯乙炔树枝状分子的合成为了模拟生物分子并探索苯乙炔树枝状分子在传感器方面的应用,我们尝试合成中心为乙酞疏基末端为氨基的苯乙炔树枝状分子,讨论并得到了末端为氨基的苯乙炔树枝状分子的合成方案。