Development of Self-Cleaning Box Culvert Designs, TR-545, 2009

The main function of a roadway culvert is to effectively convey drainage flow during normal and extreme hydrologic conditions. This function is often impaired due to the sedimentation blockage of the culvert. This research sought to understand the mechanics of sedimentation process at multi-box culverts, and develop self-cleaning systems that flush out sediment deposits using the power of drainage flows. The research entailed field observations, laboratory experiments, and numerical simulations. The specific role of each of these investigative tools is summarized below: a) The field observations were aimed at understanding typical sedimentation patterns and their dependence on culvert geometry and hydrodynamic conditions during normal and extreme hydrologic events. b) The laboratory experiments were used for modeling sedimentation process observed insitu and for testing alternative self-cleaning concepts applied to culverts. The major tasks for the initial laboratory model study were to accurately replicate the culvert performance curves and the dynamics of sedimentation process, and to provide benchmark data for numerical simulation validation. c) The numerical simulations enhanced the understanding of the sedimentation processes and aided in testing flow cases complementary to those conducted in the model reducing the number of (more expensive) tests to be conducted in the laboratory. Using the findings acquired from the laboratory and simulation works, self-cleaning culvert concepts were developed and tested for a range of flow conditions. The screening of the alternative concepts was made through experimental studies in a 1:20 scale model guided by numerical simulations. To ensure the designs are effective, performance studies were finally conducted in a 1:20 hydraulic model using the most promising design alternatives to make sure that the proposed systems operate satisfactory under closer to natural scale conditions.

Monte Carlo simulation of a clearance box monitor used for nuclear power plant decommissioning.

When decommissioning a nuclear facility it is important to be able to estimate activity levels of potentially radioactive samples and compare with clearance values defined by regulatory authorities. This paper presents a method of calibrating a clearance box monitor based on practical experimental measurements and Monte Carlo simulations. Adjusting the simulation for experimental data obtained using a simple point source permits the computation of absolute calibration factors for more complex geometries with an accuracy of a bit more than 20%. The uncertainty of the calibration factor can be improved to about 10% when the simulation is used relatively, in direct comparison with a measurement performed in the same geometry but with another nuclide. The simulation can also be used to validate the experimental calibration procedure when the sample is supposed to be homogeneous but the calibration factor is derived from a plate phantom. For more realistic geometries, like a small gravel dumpster, Monte Carlo simulation shows that the calibration factor obtained with a larger homogeneous phantom is correct within about 20%, if sample density is taken as the influencing parameter. Finally, simulation can be used to estimate the effect of a contamination hotspot. The research supporting this paper shows that activity could be largely underestimated in the event of a centrally-located hotspot and overestimated for a peripherally-located hotspot if the sample is assumed to be homogeneously contaminated. This demonstrates the usefulness of being able to complement experimental methods with Monte Carlo simulations in order to estimate calibration factors that cannot be directly measured because of a lack of available material or specific geometries.

Computer Analysis of Twin Box Culverts, 1959

The paper presents a method of analyzing Rigid Frames by use of the Conjugate Beam Theory. The development of the method along with an example is given. This method has been used to write a computer program for the analysis of twin box culverts. The culverts may be analyzed under any fill height and any of the standard truck loadings. The wall and slab thickness are increased by the computer program as necessary. The final result is steel requirements both for moment and shear, and the slab and wall thickness.

Nordic Forum for Dance Research (NOFOD) : tanssintutkimus ja pohjoismainen yhteistyö

Ajankohtaista

Auktorisoitujen tilintarkastajien valvonta: Hyvä tilintarkastustapa TILA:n ja VALA:n valvontaratkaisuissa vuosina 1995-2004

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää Keskuskauppakamarin tilintarkastuslautakunnan ja Valtion tilintarkastuslautakunnan valvontaratkaisujen vaikutusta hyvään tilintarkastustapaan. Tavoitteeseen päästiin alatavoitteiden kautta: a) selvittämällä tilintarkastukselle asetetut vaatimukset ja tilintarkastajien valvonnan periaatteet, b) tarkastelemalla valvontaratkaisujen kautta tilintarkastajien velvollisuuksia: riippumattomuutta, salassapitovelvollisuutta sekä ammattitaitoa ja huolellisuutta, c) tutkimalla, millaisia seikkoja Keskuskauppakamarin tilintarkastuslautakunta ja Valtion tilintarkastuslautakunta korostavat ja nostavat esiin valvontaratkaisujen yhteydessä d) tutkimalla, mihin edellä mainitut valvontaorganisaatiot kiinnittävät huomiota valvontaratkaisujen käsittelyssä ja mihin päätökset perustuvat. Tutkimus on luonteeltaan kvalitatiivinen ja deskriptiivinen. Se on myös normiperustainen, koska tilintarkastuksen taustalla vaikuttavat erilaiset lait, asetukset ja suositukset. Tutkimuksen empiirinen aineisto koostuu Keskuskauppakamarin tilintarkas tuslautakunnan ja Valtion tilintarkastuslautakunnan valvontaratkaisuselosteista vuosilta 1995-2004. Tutkimuksen perusteella valvontaratkaisut muokkaavat hyvää tilintarkastustapaa. Tilintarkastuslautakunta julkaisee ratkaisujen johdosta kannanottoja, antaa tarvittaessa tilintarkastusalan säännöstöä täydentäviä suosituksia ja ohjeita sekä esittää oman kannanottonsa tulkinnanvaraisiin seikkoihin. Valvontaratkaisut perustuvat voimassa olevaan säädöstöön, tilintarkastusalan suosituksiin ja toimielinten aiempiin ratkaisuihin. Tilintarkastajien toiminnan arvioinnissa tilintarkastajan tekemän virheen olennaisuudella on keskeinen merkitys. Lisäksi arvioinnissa kiinnitetään erityisesti huomiota tilintarkastajien toimintaan kokonaisuutena ja siihen, onko ulkopuolinen voinut saada virheen johdosta väärän käsityksen. Ratkaisuissa korostuu säätiöiden, julkisen kaupankäynnin kohteena olevien yhtiöiden sekä erikoistarkastusten erityinen tarkastusvastuu.

[Magnificentiores selectioresque Urbis Venetiarum prospectus quos olim Michael Marieschi, Venetus pictor et architectus in plerisque tabulis depinxit, nunc vero ab ipsomet acurate delineante, incidente, tyspisque mandante, iterum in sexdecim aereis tabulis in lucem aeduntur]. [7], Forum minus D: Marci ab asteruariis conspectum, cum carceribus, et Curia ad dexteram ; et e regione Telonium, ac Templum D: Mariae Salutis cesnuntur ; ubi Canalis magnus initium habet. : [estampe] / Mich.l Marieschi del.t et inci.t

Référence bibliographique : Toledano, Marieschi, 5f

[Magnificentiores selectioresque Urbis Venetiarum prospectus quos olim Michael Marieschi, Venetus pictor et architectus in plerisque tabulis depinxit, nunc vero ab ipsomet acurate delineante, incidente, tyspisque mandante, iterum in sexdecim aereis tabulis in lucem aeduntur]. [11], Forum olitorium e regione prospectum, cum proximis publicis Magistratibus, et ponte Rivoalti : citra pontem aedes mercatoria gentis Germanicae ad laevam. : [estampe] / Mich.l Marieschi del.t et inci.t

Référence bibliographique : Toledano, Marieschi, 10e

[Magnificentiores selectioresque Urbis Venetiarum prospectus quos olim Michael Marieschi, Venetus pictor et architectus in plerisque tabulis depinxit, nunc vero ab ipsomet acurate delineante, incidente, tyspisque mandante, iterum in sexdecim aereis tabulis in lucem aeduntur]. [13], Forum maius, et Basilica D: Marci, cum insula procul S. Georgii maioris et aedes D: Marci Procuratorum, vulgo novae ad dexteram : omnia ab horologia prospecta. : [estampe] / Mich.l Marieschi del.t et inci.t

Référence bibliographique : Toledano, Marieschi, 2f

[Magnificentiores selectioresque Urbis Venetiarum prospectus quos olim Michael Marieschi, Venetus pictor et architectus in plerisque tabulis depinxit, nunc vero ab ipsomet acurate delineante, incidente, tyspisque mandante, iterum in sexdecim aereis tabulis in lucem aeduntur]. [14], Forum maius D: Marci aliter prospectum cum eiusdem Basilica in extrema parte, nec non cum aedibus D: Marci Procuratorum ad dexteram, vulgo novis, et alteris, vulgo veteribus ad laevam : [estampe] / Mich.l Marieschi del.t et inci.t

Référence bibliographique : Toledano, Marieschi, 3i

[Magnificentiores selectioresque Urbis Venetiarum prospectus quos olim Michael Marieschi, Venetus pictor et architectus in plerisque tabulis depinxit, nunc vero ab ipsomet acurate delineante, incidente, tyspisque mandante, iterum in sexdecim aereis tabulis in lucem aeduntur]. [19], Forum minus Divi Marci publicii aedificii utrinque insigne. : [estampe] / Mich.l Marieschi del.t et inci.t

Référence bibliographique : Toledano, Marieschi, 9