Avaliação sorológica de Parainfluenzavirus Tipo 1, Salmonella spp., Mycoplasma spp. e Toxoplasma gondii em aves silvestres

Newcastle disease, salmonellosis and mycoplamosis are the most important infectious diseases in poultry. Toxoplamosis is a common disease in urban environment. The present study investigated serologic evidence of these diseases in captive and wildlife birds, with rapid plate agglutination test, haemagglutination inhibition test, and modified agglutination test. In a total of 117 blood serum samples, 20 showed the presence of Toxoplasma gondii, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, and Salmonella spp. antibodies. Amazona aestiva was the specie with the highest number of positive individuals (13/20). We also verified the first detection of T. gondii antibodies in birds of prey from Mivalgo chimachima and Rupornis magnirostris species.

Effect of brushwood transposition on the leaf litter arthropod fauna in a cerrado area

The results of ecological restoration techniques can be monitored through biological indicators of soil quality such as the leaf litter arthropod fauna. This study aimed to determine the immediate effect of brushwood transposition transferred from an area of native vegetation to a disturbed area, on the leaf litter arthropod fauna in a degraded cerrado area. The arthropod fauna of four areas was compared: a degraded area with signal grass, two experimental brushwood transposition areas, with and without castor oil plants, and an area of native cerrado. In total, 7,660 individuals belonging to 23 taxa were sampled. Acari and Collembola were the most abundant taxa in all studied areas, followed by Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, and Symphyla. The brushwood transposition area without castor oil plants had the lowest abundance and dominance and the highest diversity of all areas, providing evidence of changes in the soil community. Conversely, the results showed that the presence of castor oil plants hampered early succession, negatively affecting ecological restoration in this area.

Características físico-químicas e sensoriais de embutido fresco de aves de descarte preparado com diferentes antioxidantes naturais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Nomes de aves em juruna: estudo lexicológico

A presente monografia teve como objetivos recoletar, com metodologia diferenciada, itens lexicais referentes a aves em juruna, uma língua indígena brasileira, e iniciar a análise lexicológica desses nomes, com vistas à aplicação em estudo lexicográfico, que prevê a elaboração de um dicionário juruna-português. Os resultados baseiam-se em coleta de dados em campo, em pesquisa participativa, de base etnográfica

Salmonela em carcaça de aves

The genus Salmonella was characterized in 1885. It is divided into two species and six subspecies or subgenera. Belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae is composed of Gram-negative rods, usually producing mobile gas from glucose, except in those serovars S. gallinarum and S. Pullorum. Salmonela is one of the biggest problems in public health for its wide occurrence in humans and in animals, where they occupy the center of the epidemiology of enteric salmonelosis. These are responsible for significant rates of morbidity and mortality. Several outbreaks of food transmitted diseases are described involving meat birds. Sources of salmonela in broiler chicks infected stem, feed and farm environment. Currently, S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium are the two most prevalent serovars. In this context, the sum is increased resistance to antimicrobial drugs is including the latest generation of its indiscriminate use in veterinary medicine. This fact represents risk to human and animal health. New strategies have been adopted by the Brazilian poultry industry to control salmonela in broilers, but the contamination by this pathogen is still present in slaughterhouses putting public health at risk

Desenvolvimento e avaliação de uma vacina inativada contra estirpe variante brasileira do vírus da bronquite infecciosa aviária

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

The ant fauna of hospitals: advancements in public health and research priorities in Brazil

Ants inhabit several types of natural and urban habitats, where they successfully nest. In urban environments, the hospitals should be considered priority for studies, as ants pose risks to human health due to their pathogen carrying potential. We aimed at surveying the literature about studies on ants in hospital settings in Brazil in the past 20 years. We found 40 papers in 22 journals, the first one published in 1993. Among them, 26 papers assessed pathogenic microorganisms on ants. We recorded 59 ant species, being Tapinoma melanocephalum the most common. The Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo states had the largest number of published papers. Mato Grosso do Sul and Rio Grande do Sul showed the highest number of species. Exotic ant species were recorded in all states, except Goias. Considering the potential to carry microorganisms and the importance of thorough studies on the ecology of ant species, our results can support and guide further research in Brazil. (C) 2015 Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Índice de importância de diferentes espécies de plantas na atração de aves para uma área reflorestada em Piracicaba

A restauração de áreas degradadas pode beneficiar espécies típicas do ambiente original, com a expansão e criação de habitats, tornando-se uma ferramenta de extrema importância para a conservação. Frugívoros atraídos por plantas zoocóricas utilizadas em plantios não apenas podem dispersar sementes dessas plantas como também trazer sementes alóctones, promovendo a diversidade genética local. Assim, é fundamental entender as condições em que o processo de dispersão de sementes opera, a fim de subsidiar programas de recuperação ambiental. Este trabalho avaliou a importância das espécies: embaúba (Cecropia pachystachya), pitanga (Eugenia uniflora), figueira-do-brejo (Ficus insipida), aroeira-pimenteira (Schinus terebinthifolius), pau-pólvora (Trema micranta), fumo-bravo (Solanum mauritianum) na atração de aves frugívoras em uma Área de Preservação Permanente de 6,2 ha replantada em 2006 no município de Piracicaba, São Paulo. Apenas C. pachystachya, E. uniflora e F. insipida foram utilizadas no plantio, o que indica que as outras espécies foram introduzidas pela fauna. Observações focais foram realizadas em pelo menos dois indivíduos de cada espécie, totalizando dez horas de observação por espécie. Foram registradas 29 espécies de aves alimentandose dos frutos. Utilizando-se de uma adaptação da fórmula de Murray (2000) para o índice de importância na atração da avifauna, foram encontrados os valores de 0,086 para C. pachystachya, 0,031 para E. uniflora, 0,020 para F. insipida, 0,123 para S. terebinthifolius, 0,083 para S. mauritianum e 0,623 para T. micrantha. O grande valor observado para essa última em relação às outras pode ser justificado pelo grande número de espécies visitantes e de relações exclusivas, especialmente com aves que são predominantemente insetívoras ou granívoras. A importância de T. micrantha provavelmente se deve à alta concentração de lipídios em seu fruto. Os...

Ácaros de penas (Acari: Astigmata) em aves não passeriformes do Brasil

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBRC

O efeito da estrutura da matriz na percepção de aves na paisagem

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBRC

Relação ideal dos aminoácidos essenciais para mantença, crescimento e produção de aves

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ecological aspects of the sandfly fauna (Diptera, Psychodidae) in an American cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic area under the influence of hydroelectric plants in Paranapanema river, State of Parana, Brazil

Introduction: An epidemiological study was undertaken to identify determinant factors in the occurrence of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in areas under the influence of hydroelectric plants in Paranapanema river, State of Parana, Brazil. The ecological aspects of the phlebotomine fauna were investigated. Methods: Sandflies were sampled with automatic light traps from February 2004 to June 2006 at 25 sites in the urban and rural areas of Itambaraca, and in Porto Almeida and Sao Joaquim do Pontal. Results: A total of 3,187 sandflies of 15 species were captured. Nyssomyia neivai predominated (34.4%), followed by Pintomyia pessoai (32.6%), Migonemyia migonei (11.6%), Nyssomyia whitmani (8.8%), and Pintomyia fischeri (2.7%), all implicated in the transmission of Leishmania. Males predominated for Ny. neivai, and females for the other vector species, with significant statistical differences (p < 0.001). Nyssomyia neivai, Pi. pessoai, Ny. whitmani, Brumptomyia brumpti, Mg. migonei, and Pi. fischeri presented the highest values for the Standardized Species Abundance Index (SSAI). The highest frequencies and diversities were found in the preserved forest in Porto Almeida, followed by forests with degradation in Sao Joaquim do Pontal and Vila Rural. Conclusions: Sandflies were captured in all localities, with the five vectors predominating. Ny. neivai had its highest frequencies in nearby peridomestic environments and Pi. pessoai in areas of preserved forests. The highest SSAI values of Ny. neivai and Pi. pessoai reflect their wider dispersion and higher frequencies compared with other species, which seems to indicate that these two species may be transmitting leishmaniasis in the area.

The fish fauna in the fish passage at the Ourinhos Dam, Paranapanema River

The composition and abundance of the fish assemblage were evaluated in the fish ladder of Ourinhos Dam, the newest dam (closed in 2005) in the cascade of dams constructed on the Paranapanema River. Samplings were carried out three times on a diel cycle, in three sampling periods, two in the warm season and one in the cold season of 2008 - 2009. The ladder was closed and emptied and the entire fish assemblage was sampled and identified. Most individuals were released alive downstream of the dam. The assemblage found in the ladder was compared with the fish fauna sampled in the reservoir and in downstream sites, in the same period. Twenty seven species and a total of 4682 individuals were caught in the ladder. Pimelodus maculatus was the only migratory species, which was caught in low number in the ladder (0.04% of the total captured), where small sedentary species predominated. The most abundant species were the non-migratory Apareiodon affinis, Bryconamericus stramineus, Astyanax fasciatus and Parodon nasus. Individuals observed in the ladder's window were moving up-and down the passage. The fish ladder is a microhabitat inhabited by an abundant association of benthic organisms that is probably used as a food resource for the fish assemblage in the ladder. The similarity between the fish fauna in the ladder and that of the Ourinhos Reservoir was low (26%). The species richness of migrants in the stretch between the uspstream reservoir (Chavantes) and the downstream one (Salto Grande), before the Ourinhos dam closure (23 species) was reduced to 16 and 12 species in Salto Grande and Ourinhos reservoirs, respectively, after the dam closure, and to a single species in the ladder.

Ecological aspects of the sandfly fauna (Diptera, Psychodidae) in an American cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic area under the influence of hydroelectric plants in Paranapanema river, State of Paraná, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: An epidemiological study was undertaken to identify determinant factors in the occurrence of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in areas under the influence of hydroelectric plants in Paranapanema river, State of Paraná, Brazil. The ecological aspects of the phlebotomine fauna were investigated. METHODS: Sandflies were sampled with automatic light traps from February 2004 to June 2006 at 25 sites in the urban and rural areas of Itambaracá, and in Porto Almeida and São Joaquim do Pontal. RESULTS: A total of 3,187 sandflies of 15 species were captured. Nyssomyia neivai predominated (34.4%), followed by Pintomyia pessoai (32.6%), Migonemyia migonei (11.6%), Nyssomyia whitmani (8.8%), and Pintomyia fischeri (2.7%), all implicated in the transmission of Leishmania. Males predominated for Ny. neivai, and females for the other vector species, with significant statistical differences (p < 0.001). Nyssomyia neivai, Pi. pessoai, Ny. whitmani, Brumptomyia brumpti, Mg. migonei, and Pi. fischeri presented the highest values for the Standardized Species Abundance Index (SSAI). The highest frequencies and diversities were found in the preserved forest in Porto Almeida, followed by forests with degradation in São Joaquim do Pontal and Vila Rural. CONCLUSIONS: Sandflies were captured in all localities, with the five vectors predominating. Ny. neivai had its highest frequencies in nearby peridomestic environments and Pi. pessoai in areas of preserved forests. The highest SSAI values of Ny. neivai and Pi. pessoai reflect their wider dispersion and higher frequencies compared with other species, which seems to indicate that these two species may be transmitting leishmaniasis in the area.

Especies invasoras vs Protegidas. Política de fauna en los pirineos. En: Avá, nº 19

Hoy día los Pirineos se han convertido en una reserva ambiental. El importante proceso de despoblación experimentado durante el siglo XX y la apropiación progresiva de gran parte de su territorio por el Estado para implementar políticas de conservación han favorecido la reaparición, a través de la reintroducción, el fomento o la recuperación espontánea, de diversas especies de grandes depredadores, aves rapaces ungulados y otros mamíferos. La gestión contemporánea de la fauna salvaje en los Pirineos, mediante la cual la naturaleza es reinventada para ajustarla a los estándares posmodernos sobre la vida silvestre, manifiesta la existencia de racionalidades y valoraciones que escapan a los criterios pretendidamente objetivos de una ecología mecánica.