Degrada����o ambiental da bacia hidrogr��fica do rio Uberaba: uma abordagem metodol��gica

O presente estudo trata da avalia����o da degrada����o ambiental da bacia do Rio Uberaba, situada no tri��ngulo mineiro, com ��rea de 241.904,30 ha, abrangendo os munic��pios de Uberaba, Ver��ssimo, Concei����o das Alagoas e pequena por����o de Planura. Neste estudo, foi produzido o mapa de degrada����o ambiental contendo quatro n��veis: baixo, moderado, acentuado e severo. Os par��metros utilizados nesta avalia����o foram: vegeta����o, topografia, solo/geologia, potencial natural de eros��o, mecaniza����o, ��rea agr��cola, densidade populacional, pecuariza����o e ��rea de conflito, aos quais foram atribu��dos pesos. Para o n��vel de degrada����o ���baixo���, foram definidos valores ��� 13 pontos. Para o n��vel ���moderado���, valores situados no intervalo de 14 a 16. Entre 17 e 19 pontos para o n��vel ���acentuado���, e o n��vel ���severo��� com valores ��� 20 pontos. Este estudo consolida as consequ��ncias do uso inadequado das terras, n��o respeitando a sua aptid��o natural. As ��reas com n��vel moderado de degrada����o representam 47%, ��reas de n��vel acentuado (48%), e severo (4%) representam 52%, o que revela ind��cio muito forte no avan��o da destrui����o dos recursos naturais. As ��reas classificadas com n��vel baixo representam apenas 1%, bastante inexpressiva, destacando o descaso na preserva����o dos recursos naturais.

e-Res��duos: A influ��ncia da norma europ��ia WEEE na estrat��gia da ind��stria de celulares no Brasil e no mundo e o impacto ambiental do descarte inadequado

This present Thesis, is explorer work and presents an analysis of e-wastes of the industry of cellular mobile telephony, evaluating the evolution of the telecommunications nets and as if it holds the global and Brazilian market of cellular telephony. It approaches the elements gifts in the cellular devices that can badly cause to the environment and the health, the discarding of the devices in end of life cycle is made. It analyzes the new European regulation of electric equipment residues and electronic, the WEEE, as it influenced the strategy of the companies manufacturers of mobile phone cellular and of that she forms is possible to create a Brazilian national industry for recycling of devices of cellular, with conditions to globally competition. For this some possible models of being implanted in Brazil are presented. The project of law 203/91 on solid residues is argued and as it would be interesting if to persist some proposals presented to the project, to create a Brazilian market of recycling with capacity of global competition for use to advantage of the European regulation if to get a competitive advantage

Aceitabilidade da carne caprina no h��bito alimentar e percep����o sobre o impacto ambiental na produ����o de caprinos no nordeste entre estudantes universit��rios

The present work has an objective of investigate the acceptability of consumption of the goat meat and studies the perception of university students on the productive sector of goats in the Northeast. The habit to eat goat meat has strong regional traditions and has been suffering the demographic, cultural, economic and personal influences. Currently, a new habit in the food consumers is observed and has been configuring itself a trend that concern with the health and welfare in general, in countries mainly developed. This fact comes directly contributing for the modernization of the production models, including the ambient conscience. The methodology applied includes bibliographical research, data-collecting through questionnaires applied in the UFRN (Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte ) and analysis of the data using statistic techniques assisted for software Statistica V6. It is concluded that the rate of consumption of goat meat is low in the population studied. The frequency of consumption is higher in times of leisure or to visit relatives. The descriptive analysis of the responses of interviewees shows ignorance of the production of goat meat and its importance to the state of Rio Grande do Norte.

Impacto urbano ocasionado por empreendimentos da constru����o civil no entorno da zona de prote����o ambiental (zpa-6), Vila de Ponta Negra, Natal/RN

The process of urbanization in recent decades has generated considerable seriousness of problems relating to the use and occupation physical environment of cities. The concentration of population, economic activities and technological standards have reinforced an existing urban environment highly degraded as a consequence of the development style that leads to the predatory use of natural resources. In this context, cities as centers of production and consumption, have the most serious problems of environmental degradation. This study investigated the impacts of the municipal building projects to large-scale vertical in the town of Vila de Ponta Negra, Natal-RN, given the proximity to the Environmental Protection Area (ZPA-6) and considering its environmental importance , scenic, landscape and tourism for the city of Natal-RN. The fragility of the licensing process and the failure of the assumptions in the analysis, objective and subjective, for the granting of environmental permits for the building construction projects, specifically those set out in the surroundings of the Environmental Protection Area (ZPA-6) and fundamental importance of landscape and tourism for the city of Natal, has aroused the concern of local people in and of itself the Government, faced with the probable impacts that will affect greatly the Vila de Ponta Negra. The methodology used to achieve the intended objectives will be the literature review, questionnaire to the surrounding population and the Government, as well as findings on the spot, through the photographic record. The beneficiaries of the license, if the entrepreneurs, have been affected because of the granting of licensing act of investing large amount of capital in the works. Additionally, with distrust of the population, since they are to discredit the public system of environmental management have guessed by the probability of imbalance to the environment and structural damage to the Vila de Ponta Negra, where such failure to support energy, lack of regular supply of water , lack of sanitation and access roads sufficient for the flow of motor vehicles in these areas, among other factors. Thus, this work will contribute to the diagnosis and solutions to the problem in question, so that the Government will effectively fulfill its social management of ecologically balanced environment of continuing urban development in Natal, Brazil

Complexo enzim��tico para su��nos: digest��o, metabolismo, desempenho e impacto ambiental

Foram conduzidos dois experimentos para avaliar a suplementa����o enzim��tica (amilase, pentosanase, celulase, protease e a-galactosidase) em ra����es �� base de milho e farelo de soja para su��nos. No Exp 1, foram determinadas as digestibilidades aparentes da energia, mat��ria seca, prote��na e das fibras das ra����es, com ou sem o complexo enzim��tico, para su��nos machos castrados, com 19,96 �� 2,90 kg de peso vivo. Foi utilizado o m��todo da coleta total de fezes e as ra����es foram formuladas com n��veis reduzidos de energia, prote��na e amino��cidos. No Exp 2, foram mensurados o desempenho, a excre����o de s��lidos totais e vol��teis, mat��ria mineral, nitrog��nio, macro e microminerais nas fezes, em rela����o ao desempenho, de su��nos machos castrados dos 50 aos 151 dias de idade, com peso m��dio inicial de 18,34 �� 1,35 kg. Foram utilizadas tr��s dietas, sendo uma ra����o formulada para atender ou exceder as exig��ncias nutricionais dos animais, de acordo com o NRC (1998), e outras duas com n��veis reduzidos de energia, prote��na e amino��cidos, suplementadas ou n��o com o complexo enzim��tico. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados. A suplementa����o enzim��tica em ra����es contendo milho e farelo de soja n��o promoveu incrementos na digestibilidade de nutrientes, n��o melhorou o desempenho dos animais e tamb��m n��o reduziu a excre����o de res��duos pelas fezes. Mais estudos s��o necess��rios para testar novas matrizes e diferentes n��veis do complexo enzim��tico.

Efeito da fonte prot��ica e do processamento f��sico do concentrado sobre a termina����o de bovinos jovens confinados e o impacto ambiental dos dejetos

O objetivo nesta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito de dois ingredientes prot��icos da dieta (farelo de soja e de algod��o) e de dois processamentos f��sicos do concentrado (farelado e extrusado) na termina����o de 16 bovinos machos n��o-castrados da ra��a Canchim. Avaliaram-se ainda a excre����o de nutrientes nos dejetos e o potencial de produ����o de biog��s. Os animais tinham 12 meses de idade e 315 kg PC, em m��dia, e foram confinados em baias individuais durante 147 dias (os primeiros 35 dias foram de adapta����o). Como volumoso utilizou-se silagem de milho, em uma rela����o volumoso:concentrado de 50:50, com base na MS. Os resultados foram analisados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 × 2 (fonte prot��ica × processamento f��sico). A fonte prot��ica influenciou o ganho de peso corporal (1,50 e 1,35 kg/dia para o farelo de soja e de algod��o, respectivamente), a convers��o alimentar (4,73 e 5,31 kg MS ingerida/kg de ganho de peso, respectivamente) e a efici��ncia prot��ica (1,78 e 1,59 kg de ganho de peso/kg PB ingerida, respectivamente). O tratamento f��sico do concentrado e a fonte prot��ica n��o influenciaram a ingest��o de MS, a ��rea de olho-de-lombo e a espessura de gordura, estimadas por ultra-som. O balan��o de nutrientes foi semelhante entre tratamentos para MS, FDN e FDA, mas a fonte prot��ica determinou diferen��as no balan��o de PB. Entre os macro e microminerais quantificados nas fezes, os teores de P e Mg diferiram entre as fontes prot��icas e a extrus��o aumentou o conte��do de Ca, com m��dias de 0,39 e 0,43 g/100 g de MS de dejetos, respectivamente, para os concentrados farelado e extrusado. Os dejetos produziram biog��s de maneira efetiva entre o 70�� e o 200�� dia.

Mapeamento geoambiental do campo de dunas Pirangi-Potengi com ��nfase a San Vale e Lagoinha Natal/RN: um instrumento de apoio ao planejamento ambiental

The city of Natal-RN is constructed on dune areas with wavy relives softly waved and green areas that help to keep a pleasant climate, amongst these is distinguished field Pirangi-Potengi the dune with the areas of San Vale and Lagoinha. These environments are being substituted gradual for property and other workmanships of engineering on behalf of the urban expansion. This study the elaboration of a geoambiental mapping of Field had as objective generality Pirangi-Potengi the Dune with emphasis the San Vale and Lagoinha in Natal-RN. The done mapping had as objective specific to elaborate a vegetation map, a map of registers in cadastre of ambient problems to dunes, a map of flooding susceptibility, a map of vulnerability to the underground water contamination and a map of use and occupation of the ground. Of the carried through analysis, the area in study reveals sufficiently degraded, remaining only few green areas and dunares, as well as, the vulnerable presence of areas of vulnerability in floods and areas the contamination of the water-bearing one. The gotten results allow to affirm that this type of mapping, is of great importance for analysis and evaluation of the environment of the city

Influ��ncia do uso e ocupa����o de solo na qualidade de ��gua de um reservat��rio mesotr��fico na regi��o semi��rida tropiocal

In the semiarid region of northeastern of Brazil, the reservoirs are vulnerable to water level seasonal fluctuations, they re related to the hydrological cycle. The rain periods are irregular and there are long periods of drought that increases eutrophication process. That happens because of the water level s reduction and nutrient concentration. The Boqueirao, located in northeastern Brazil , is a mesotrophic reservoir. The reservoir is naturally susceptible to deterioration of water quality. This happens because of the potential diffuse sources arising from the use and occupation of the basin, associated with shallow soil caatinga biome and highly vulnerable to erosion. This study aimed to analyze the influence of the use and occupation of the area around and the water quality of the watershed. A study of the area around the Boqueir��o was performed, taking the potentially polluting activities. Limnological variables were monitored monthly in 3 points of the reservoir to assess the water quality. Was evidenced an event of prolonged drought, with rainfall below the historical average for the year of study. By the index of water quality, the watershed was classified as " good " during the whole year of 2012. According to the trophic index adopted the reservoir is characterized as mesotrophic. The main anthropogenic impacts identified in the soil were arboreal selective logging, mining, diffuse contribution of residues from agricultural and livestock activities. The lack of precipitation and the degradation of the surrounding area, affect negatively the water quality, requiring immediate control to prevent degradation of the watershed . Although there wasn t a majority polluting activity in the region. The total of several impacting activities, the high susceptibility of the soil and the selective clearing of caatinga vegetation can accelerate the natural process of eutrophication in the water body

An��lise da degrada����o ambiental das ��reas de preserva����o permanente localizadas no estuário do rio Cear��-mirim/RN

The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze the main environmental impacts taking place in the permanent preservation areas located in the Cear��-Mirim River estuary/RN and its surrounding areas. For that, the study was divided in two chapters, structured in the shape of a scientific paper. The first is a theoretical proposition on the occupation of the APPs in light of the discussion of the geographic space and the sustainability of the development, where a bibliographical review was made emphasizing the production of the geographic space, the sustainability of the development and the permanent preservation areas. In the second chapter, from a systemic approach, geoprocessing techniques and the adaptation of the Pressure-State- Response Indicators System were used, the latter being developed by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD. Therefore, from the methodological approaches used, it's been observed that the use of permanent preservation areas for purposes other than those determined in the legislation and, mainly guided by capitalist interests, leads to the environmental degradation of these areas, fact which has been confirmed in the empiric study conducted in the second chapter, where it was possible to identify a series of environmental impacts such as: deforestation of mangrove and riparian vegetation for carciniculture implantation, the devastation of dune areas caused by the urban expansion in the coastal stretch and siltation of fluvial channel

Diagn��stico da degrada����o ambiental no munic��pio de Areia Branca-RN por geotecnologias

The municipality of Areia Branca is within the mesoregion of West Potiguar and within the microregion of Mossor��, covering an area of 357,58 km2. Covering an area of weakness in terms of environmental, housing, together with the municipality of Grossos-RN, the estuary of River Apodi-Mossor��. The municipality of Areia Branca has historically suffered from a lack of planning regarding the use and occupation of land as some economic activities, attracted by the extremely favorable natural conditions, have exploited their natural resources improperly. The aim of this study is to quantify and analyze the environmental degradation in the municipality. Thus initially was performed a characterization of land use using remote sensing, geoprocessing and geographic information system GIS in order to generate data and information on the municipal scale, which may serve as input to the environmental planning and land use planning in the region. From this perspective, were used a Landsat 5 image TM sensor for the year 2010. In the processing of this image was used SPRING 5.2 and applied a supervised classification using the classifier regions, which was employed Bhattacharya Distance method with a threshold at 30%. Thus was obtained the land use map that was analyzed the spatial distribution of different types of the use that is occurring in the city, identifying areas that are being used incorrectly and the main types of environmental degradation. And further, were applied the methodology proposed by Beltrame (1994), Physical Diagnosis Conservationist under some adaptations for quantifying the level of degradation or conservation study area. As results, the indexes were obtained for the parameters in the proposed methodology, allowing quantitatively analyze the degradation potential of each sector. From this perspective, considering a scale of 0 to 100, sector A and sector B had value 31.20 units of risk of physical deterioration. And the C sector, has shown its value - 34.64 units degradation risk and should be considered a priority in relation to the achievement of conservation actions

Caracteriza����o hidrodin��mica e morfo-sedimentar do estuário Potengi e ��reas adjascentes: subs��dios para controle e recupera����o ambiental no caso de derrames de hidrocarboneto

This study presents the Environmental Sensibility Mapping to oil spillings on the Potengi estuary - RN and neighboring coastline through remote sensing data, collecting, treatment and integration of the geomorphologic, oceanographic (temperature, salinity, density, direction and intensity), meteorological (wind speed and direction) and high resolution seismic (bathymetry and sonography) data. The Potengi river estuary is located on the eastern coastline of the Rio Grande do Norte State, being inserted in the geological context for the coastal Pernambuco-Para��ba basin and spreading over 18 km; it shelters the Natal harbor zone and an oil terminal, centralizing, therefore, important oil transport operations that can cause accidental spillings. Under the oceanographic point of view, the Potengi estuary is characterized by the absence of any expressive thermic stratification, being classified as partially mixed, B type according to Pritchard (1955), and 2 type in conformity to the stratification-circulation diagram by Hansen & Rattray (1966). Two main wind systems are responsable for the formation of wave sets that occur in the area. The dynamic tide presents, in the Natal Harbor, mean amplitude in spring and quadrature tides, with around 2.8 and 2m, respectively. The mechanism of saline tide mixing was defined through the salinity which is the main parameter for the identification of this mechanism. Important variations of the salinity mean values (36.32 psu), temperature (28.11��C) and density (22.96 kg/m3) in the estuarine waters presented features belonging to low latitude regions. The water temperature follows the air temperature variations, in the region, with expressive daily amplitudes. In this study, the identification of the estuarine bed morphology through bathymetric and sonographic analysis, had the purpose to evaluate the influence of the superficial and bottom currents for the bottom shaping. In this way, the use of the side scan sonar showed, to be very useful in the identification of the bottom morphology and its relationship with the predominant action of the tidal currents in the Potengi estuary. Besides, it showed how the sonograms can be a support to the comparison of the several patterns derived from the local hydrodynamic variations. The holocene sediments, which fill the estuarine channel, are predominantly sandy, varying from selected, sometimes silty. The sedimentation is controlled by the environmental hydrodynamic conditions, being recognized two important textural facies: Muddy Facies and Sandy Facies. The distribution of these textural facies apparently oscillates owing to the tidal cycle and flow intensity. Each one of the above mentioned data was integrated in a Geographic Information System (GIS), from which was produced the Environmental Sensibility Map to oil spillings with Coastal Sensibility Index (CSI) to the Potengi estuary. The integrated analysis of these data is essential to oil spilling contingency plans, in order to reduce the spilling environmental consequences and to make efficient the endeavours of contention and cleaning up/removal on the Natal Harbor. This study has the aim to collaborate for the increase of informations about the estuarine environment and contribute to a better management of the question: environment/polluting loads

Metodologia para avalia����o de impacto ambiental de macr��fitas em mesocosmos

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a metodologia para avalia����o do impacto ambiental causado pelo uso de herbicidas no controle de macr��fitas. O desenho e a constru����o dos mesocosmos s��o descritos em detalhes, como tamb��m a forma como foram inseridos l��minas para coleta e medida da comunidade perif��tica e sedimento para avalia����o da comunidade bent��nica. O m��todo utilizado foi o de fluxo cont��nuo, e v��rios par��metros de qualidade de ��gua foram medidos, al��m da determina����o de res��duos na coluna d'��gua e no sedimento. A inten����o de se utilizar um m��todo de fluxo cont��nuo foi buscar uma situa����o mais pr��xima da realidade, a fim de que os resultados obtidos possam espelhar com maior exatid��o os poss��veis riscos provenientes do uso de subst��ncias qu��micas no controle das macr��fitas. Alguns ajustes devem ser feitos nessa metodologia para melhor caracteriza����o dos efluentes e calibra����o do sistema.