Les biothérapies dans le lupus érythémateux disséminé et tes connectivites: nouvelles thérapeutiques [Treatment of connective tissue diseases with biological agents]

As B-cells are crucial for the production of antibodies and also in antigen presentation, they can play an important role in autoimmune connective tissue disease. B-cell surface antigens and receptors which are capable of activating B-cell function have been proposed as targets for therapy in these diseases. Anti-B cell treatments have been used recently in SLE and primary Sjogren's syndrome in a number of open studies, notably anti-CD20 (rituximab), with encouraging results. An anti-BAFF antibody (belimumab) has been tested in patients with SLE and also showed positive results in patients with increased levels of autoantibodies. In contrast, anti-TNF therapy in connective tissue disease and in RA can increase the levels of autoantibodies. Further studies are needed to define the place of these novel treatments in the management of autoimmune connective tissue diseases.

Stratégies thérapeutiques dans les myopathies inflammatoires [Therapeutic strategies in idiopatic inflammatory myopathies]

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, such as polymyositis and dermatomyositis, share common clinical features such as progressive, symmetrical muscle weakness prevailing in the lower limbs, associated sometimes with muscle pains. High CK and typical biopsy insure the diagnosis. Possible causes for secondary myopathies and associated diseases should be actively investigated. The search for autoantibodies helps to better classify inflammatory myopathies and to better define the prognosis of the myopathy. Glucocorticoids are the cornerstone of the early phase therapy. Glucocorticoid-sparing agents, such as azathioprine and methotrexate, are second line agents but can be readily prescribed. In case of therapeutic resistance, a rescue treatment (ciclosporine, immunoglobulins, rituximab, cyclophosphamide) could be considered.

La politique internationale. Théories et enjeux contemporains

1.Le champ d'interaction étatique2. La sphère politico-économique3. La sphère institutionnelle

« Les enjeux de l'analyse contrastive dans l'Union Soviétique des années 1920 »

http://w3.u-grenoble3.fr/ellug/index.html/fileadmin/template/ellug/Telechargements/tdm_grammaire_et_lexique.pdf

La prise en compte des valeurs dans la validation scientifique des méthodes thérapeutiques

L'article met en évidence la nécessité de prendre en compte le registre des valeurs, engagées dans nos croyances, lorsque nous cherchons à évaluer les méthodes psychothérapeutiques et à les valider scientifiquement. Après avoir montré l'apport de l'anthropologie clinique pour une telle démarche et précisé le lien réunissant science et croyance, il propose une double clarification qui apparaît indispensable à opérer en vue de valider une méthode psychothérapeutique, à savoir une clarification d'ordre épistémologique et scientifique.