Enzyme activity, body measures and heart mass of Sepia officinalis sampled in the English Channel and Adriatic Sea

In the eurythermal cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, performance depends on hearts that ensure systemic oxygen supply over a broad range of temperatures. We therefore aimed to identify adjustments in energetic cardiac capacity and underlying mitochondrial function supporting thermal acclimation and adaptation that could be crucial for the cuttlefish's competitive success in variable environments. Two genetically distinct cuttlefish populations were acclimated to 11, 16 and 21°C. Subsequently, skinned and permeabilised heart fibres were used to assess mitochondrial functioning by means of high-resolution respirometry and a substrate-inhibitor protocol, followed by measurements of cardiac citrate synthase and cytosolic enzyme activities. Temperate English Channel cuttlefish had lower mitochondrial capacities but larger hearts than subtropical Adriatic cuttlefish. Warm acclimation to 21°C decreased mitochondrial complex I activity in Adriatic cuttlefish and increased complex IV activity in English Channel cuttlefish. However, compensation of mitochondrial capacities did not occur during cold acclimation to 11°C. In systemic hearts, the thermal sensitivity of mitochondrial substrate oxidation was high for proline and pyruvate but low for succinate. Oxygen efficiency of catabolism rose as temperature changed from 11 to 21°C via shifts to oxygen-conserving oxidation of proline and pyruvate and via reduced relative proton leak. The changes observed for substrate oxidation, mitochondrial complexes, relative proton leak and heart mass improve energetic efficiency and essentially seem to extend tolerance to high temperatures and reduce associated tissue hypoxia. We conclude that cuttlefish sustain cardiac performance and, thus, systemic oxygen delivery over short- and long-term changes of temperature and environmental conditions by multiple adjustments in cellular and mitochondrial energetics.

Collection of humorous verses and sketches relating to Harvard College, 1769

Manuscript volume in various hands containing three general sections: satirical poems about Harvard tutors, a section of "last words & dying" speeches of Harvard tutors, and a copy of the Book of Harvard."

Aviation English: Structure and Importance of an International Airborne Language

In today’s globalized world, air travel is one of the fastest growing markets. Millions of aircrafts take off and then touch down all around the world each day. This well-synchronized symphony, however, is much more complex than it seems, and communication – language - plays a crucial role during a plane’s journey. Misunderstandings and miscommunications can have disastrous effects, so the adoption of a standard phraseology to be used during flight is a means to overcome language barriers, avoid ambiguous expressions and guarantee a safe and effective operation of an aircraft. Little is known about the interaction that goes on between pilots and air traffic controllers (ATCOs), and even though the language of aviation is English, cockpit communication can be hard to understand for people who are not familiar with this specific language. The scope of this thesis is to examine the origins of this uncommon language, the characteristics and peculiarities of air communication and to shed a little light on this mystery called Aviation English.

Jewish wit.

Mode of access: Internet.

A catalogue of rare & curious books, illustrative of the English drama and early English literature ... : which will be sold by auction ... on Monday, 13th June, 1859.

Consignor's name from BM English book sales, p. 286.

The Wheatley manuscript : a collection of Middle English verse and prose contained in a ms. now in the British museum. Add. mss. 39574 /

Fifteenth century manuscript named in honor of Dr. H.B. Wheatley.

A pagan poem : (after Virgil) composed for orchestra with piano, English horn and three trumpets obligato /

Mode of access: Internet.

The old china book, including Staffordshire, Wedgwood, lustre, and other English pottery and porcelain,

"List of views, American, English & miscellaneous. By English potters": p. [254]-283.

Syllabus. English literature and history ...

"References" pages 26-27.

The English constitution, and other political essays /

Mode of access: Internet.

Hood's own; or, Laughter from year to year. Being a further collection of his wit and humour,

The 1st series, prose, verse, and pictures from Hood's Comic annuals, was issued in monthly parts, 1838-39.