Gravitational Energy-Momentum Density in Teleparallel Gravity

In the context of a gauge theory for the translation group, a conserved energy-momentum gauge current for the gravitational field is obtained. It is a true spacetime and gauge tensor, and transforms covariantly under global Lorentz transformations. By rewriting the gauge gravitational field equation in a purely spacetime form, it becomes the teleparallel equivalent of Einstein's equation, and the gauge current reduces to the Møller's canonical energy-momentum density of the gravitational field.

Comparative analysis of electromyographic pattern in the forearm muscles of hemiplegic patients

It was purposed the use of electromyography (EMG) to evaluate the activation of the agonists and antagonists muscles of spastic patients, to test the viability in the development of an instrument that given quantitative data of the patient spasticity. 30 hemiplegic and 15 normal volunteers had been submitted to the EMG of flexor and extensor carpi ulnaris muscles during the flexion and extension movements of the wrist. The individuals with less severe spasticity (mAS (modified Ashworth Scale) ringing 0 to 3 degree), had presented deficit in the activation of the flexor muscles in plegic side in relation to the non plegic side and that the individuals seriously compromised by the spasticity (mAS = 4 degree) present deficit of reciprocal inhibition. One evidenced is that the non plegic member does not present a similar neuro-motor comportment when compared to the normal member. The surface electromyography is a practical clinical instrument to evaluate the patient with spasticity and the hemiplegic patient needs to be evaluated on both sides (deficient and no deficient) because the no compromised side do not show a normality standard.

Leg muscles recruitment pattern in soccer players and active individuals during isometric contractions

This study aimed to compare the torque, torque ratio (Hamstrings:Quadriceps - H:Q), electromyographic (EMG) activity and EMG ratio (knee flexors:knee extensors EMG) in soccer players (SG, N=10) and active subjects (AG, N=10). Subjects performed three maximal voluntary isometric knee extensions and flexions at 45° and 90° to determine the peak torque and EMG activity. Torque and EMG activity of the knee flexor (biceps femoris [BF] and semitendinosus [ST]) were divided by the torque and EMG activity of the knee extensor (vastuls lateralis [VL] and rectus femoris [RF]) to calculate torque ratios (H:Q) and EMG ratios (BF:VL, BF:RF, ST:VL, ST:RF). The flexion torque was significantly higher for SG (p<0.05) in 45° and 90°. EMG activity for SG was significantly higher in agonist contractions for VL, RF and ST, and significantly lower in antagonist contractions for RF and ST when compared to AG Torque and EMG ratios were similar between groups and there were good correlations between torque ratio and BF:VL ratio (r=0.71, p=0.02) and BF:RF ratio (r=0.81, p=0.004) at 45. The EMG results could overestimate the joint balance calculated using torque ratios. Differences in recruitment pattern between soccer players and non-athletes can be related to the training routines and the EMG ratios presents applicable in trained populations.

Esquema de la energía y el ambiente en la zona del Caribe = Overview on energy and environment in the Caribbean area

Incluye Bibliografía

Informe de la Reunión sobre Energía y Desarrollo en America Latina = Report of the Meeting on Energy and Development in Latin America

Expone interpretaciones de la situacion energetica mundial; experiencias de desarrollo energetico de algunos paises participantes; y presentaciones por parte de agencias internacionales de programas de investigacion y asistencia tecnica o financiera en el sector. Incluye lista de participantes y documentos distribuidos en la reunion.

Report of the Workshop on Investment Funding for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Projects in the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

World oil prices: prospects and implications for energy policy-makers in Latin America's oil-deficit countries

Includes bibliography

Precolumbian land use and settlement pattern in the Santarém region, lower Amazon

Uma das áreas mais promissoras para o estudo das sociedades pré-colombianas complexas na bacia do rio Amazonas é a área do baixo curso dos rios Tapajós, Trombetas e Nhamundá. Há relatos escritos sobre os Konduri e os Tapajós, apresentando informações sobre a sua organização social regional, padrões de comércio, a abundância de alimentos, e o mundo material. Assim, evidências arqueológicas – sítios imensos, solos antrópicos, e belos artefatos – podem ser contrastadas com a informação escrita. Estes ricos depósitos culturais estão desaparecendo a um ritmo alarmante, à medida em que os centros urbanos crescem e se expande a agricultura na região. Apesar desta situação, pouca pesquisa arqueológica tem sido realizada na área, especialmente quando se trata de investigar os antigos padrões de assentamento e redes de trocas. Nos últimos anos, temos realizado pesquisas na bacia do baixo rio Tapajós. O registro arqueológico indica que a cerâmica mostrando forte semelhança estilística forte com a encontrada no grande sítio central está espalhada por pelo menos 90 quilômetros ao sul da presente cidade de Santarém. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa regional realizada nas proximidades de Santarém, no planalto de Belterra e Alter do Chão, oferecendo uma análise preliminar do sistema de assentamentos na região.

Characterisation of the methylation pattern in the intragenic CpG island of the IGF2 gene in Bos taurus indicus cumulus cells during in vitro maturation

The aim of this study was to characterise the methylation pattern in a CpG island of the IGF2 gene in cumulus cells from 1-3 mm and a parts per thousand yenaEuro parts per thousand 8.0 mm follicles and to evaluate the effects of in vitro maturation on this pattern.Genomic DNA was treatment with sodium bisulphite. Nested PCR using bisulphite-treated DNA was performed, and DNA methylation patterns have been characterised.There were no differences in the methylation pattern among groups (P > 0.05). Cells of pre-IVM and post-IVM from small follicles showed methylation levels of 78.17 +/- 14.11 % and 82.93 +/- 5.86 %, respectively, and those from large follicles showed methylation levels of 81.81 +/- 10.40 % and 79.64 +/- 13.04 %, respectively. Evaluating only the effect of in vitro maturation, cells of pre-IVM and post-IVM COCs showed methylation levels of 80.17 +/- 12.01 % and 81.19 +/- 10.15 %.In conclusion, the methylation levels of the cumulus cells of all groups were higher than that expected from the imprinted pattern of somatic cells. As the cumulus cells from the pre-IVM follicles were not subjected to any in vitro manipulation, the hypermethylated pattern that was observed may be the actual physiological methylation pattern for this particular locus in these cells. Due the importance of DNA methylation in oogenesis, and to be a non-invasive method for determining oocyte quality, the identification of new epigenetic markers in cumulus cells has great potential to be used to support reproductive biotechniques in humans and other mammals.

Information-entropic measure of energy-degenerate kinks in two-field models

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Primary relapse site pattern in women with triple-negative breast cancer

Despite the remarkable improvements in breast cancer (BC) characterization, accurate prediction of BC clinical behavior is often still difficult to achieve. Some studies have investigated the association between the molecular subtype, namely the basal-like BC and the pattern of relapse, however only few investigated the association between relapse pattern and immunohistochemical defined triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of relapse in patients with TNBC, namely the primary distant relapse site:One-hundred twenty nine (129) invasive breast carcinomas with follow-up information were classified according to the molecular subtype using immunohistochemistry for ER, PgR and Her2. The association between TNBC and distant relapse primary site was analyzed by logistic regression. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis patients with TNBC displayed only 0.09(95% CI: 0.00-0.74; p = 0.02) the odds of, the non-TNBC patients of developing bone primary relapse. Regarding visceral and lymph-node relapse, no differences between in this cohort were found.Though classically regarded as aggressive tumors, TNBCs rarely development primary relapse in bone when compared to non-TNBC, a clinical relevant fact when investigating a metastasis of an occult or non-sampled primary BC. (C) 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Association of body composition and vitamin D levels with cardiac geometric pattern in rheumatoid arthritis patients

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Free massive particles with total energy Ein curved spacetimes

We analyze free elementary particles with a rest mass m and total energy Ein the Rindler wedge, outside Reissner-Nordstrom black holes and in the spacetime of relativistic (and nonrelativistic) stars, and use Unruh-DeWitt-like detectors to calculate the associated particle detection rate in each case. The (mean) particle position is identified with the spatial average of the excitation probability of the detectors, which are supposed to cover the whole space. Our results are shown to be in harmony with general relativity classical predictions. Eventually we reconcile our conclusions with Earth-based experiments which are in good agreement with E ≥mc2.

PREPARATORY EMG ACTIVITY REVEALS A RAPID ADAPTATION PATTERN IN HUMANS PERFORMING LANDING MOVEMENTS IN BLINDFOLDED CONDITION

The main questions addressed in this work were whether and how adaptation to suppression of visual information occurs in a free-fall paradigm, and the extent to which vision availability influences the control of landing movements. The prelanding modulation of EMG timing and amplitude of four lower-limb muscles was investigated. Participants performed six consecutive drop-landings from four different heights in two experimental conditions: with and without vision. Experimental design precluded participants from estimating the height of the drop. Since cues provided by proprioceptive and vestibular information acquired during the first trials were processed, the nervous system rapidly adapted to the lack of visual information, and hence produced a motor output (i.e., prelanding EMG modulation) similar to that observed when performing the activity with vision available.