Victorius vs Dionysius: the Irish Easter controversy of AD 689

Over the past few decades, the early medieval Easter controversy has increasingly been portrayed as a conflict between the ‘Celtic’ and the ‘Roman’ churches, limiting the geographical extent of this most vibrant debate to Britain and Ireland (with the exception of the disputes caused by Columbanus’ appearance on the Continent). Both are not the case. Before c.AD 800, there was no unanimity within the ‘Roman’ cause. Two ‘Roman’ Easter reckonings existed, which could not be reconciled, one invented by Victorius of Aquitaine in AD 457, the other being the Alexandrian system as translated into Latin by Dionysius Exiguus in AD 525. The conflict between followers of Victorius and adherents of Dionysius occurred in Visigothic Spain first, reached Ireland in the second half of the 7th century, and finally dominated the intellectual debate in Francia in the 8th century. This article will focus on the Irish dimension of this controversy. It is argued that the southern Irish clergy introduced the Victorian reckoning in the AD 630s and strictly adhered to that system until the end of the 7th century. When Adomnan, the abbot of Iona, converted to Dionysius in the late AD 680s and convinced most of the northern Irish churches to follow his example, this caused considerable tension with southern Irish followers of Victorius, as is impressively witnessed by the computistical literature of the time, especially the texts produced in AD 689. From this literature, the issues debated at the time are reconstructed. This analysis has serious consequences for how we read Irish history towards the end of the 7th century; rather than bringing the formerly ‘Celtic’ northern Irish clergy in line with southern Irish ‘Roman’ practise, Adomnan added a new dimension to the conflict.

In danger of jammed minds: A deconstructive discourse analysis of the criteria for early onset schizophrenia and imagination in children's literature

The purpose of this research is to expose and complicate those discourses of childhood imagination as demonstrated in the diagnostic criteria for early onset schizophrenia by using an antipsychiatry perspective. This will be done by evaluating those discourses alongside those found in popular children’s literature, specifically, Harry Potter and The Philosopher’s Stone, Bridge to Terabithia, and A Wrinkle in Time. Once uncovered, the underlying power discourses were then exposed. This research will then employ a minor reading as provided by Deleuze and Guattari’s (1987) approach to minor literature to demonstrate the ways in which the child can subvert those dominant discourses. The potential of literature is evaluated for its ability to provide alternative modes of experience and lines of flight for the child subjected to the diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia.

Thinking skills in the early years: a literature review

Since 1999, thinking skills have been included in the National Curriculum alongside ‘key skills’ such as those to do with communication and information and communications technology (ICT). Thinking skills are expected to be developed at all key stages and centre on: information-processing skills, reasoning skills, enquiry skills, creative thinking skills and evaluation skills. This literature review consisted of three phases based on the following research questions: 1. What pedagogical approaches to developing generic thinking skills currently exist for children between the ages of three and seven? 2. What are the generic thinking skills that children are able to demonstrate at this age? 3. What is the relationship between these thinking capabilities and those that the pedagogical approaches aim to develop? The review covered post-2000 literature in the area of thinking skills in the early years. It provides an update of the evidence base upon which thinking skills approaches have been established, suggests areas where more evidence is needed and makes some practical recommendations for researchers, policy makers and practitioners.

Therapy resistant neonatal seizures, linear vesicular rash, and unusually early neuroradiological changes: incontinentia pigmenti : A case report, literature review and insight into pathogenesis

CASE PRESENTATION: A substance abusing G2P1 mother spontaneously delivered at term an appropriate for gestational age girl. Neonatal seizures appeared at 21 hours and empiric anticonvulsive and antimicrobial treatment was started. At 25 hours, first vesicles appeared. While routine evaluations remained normal, a head CT revealed multifocal ischemic injuries, and a later MRI showed multifocal petechiae and diffusion abnormalities in the corticospinal tracts. The clinical diagnosis of incontinentia pigmenti (stage 1) was secured by histopathology. Follow-up at 13 months showed global developmental delay. DISCUSSION: We discuss the unusually early bilateral, fronto-occipital corticomedullar ischemias (CT day 3). On the MR imaging (day 7) extensive symmetric cerebral corticomedullar destruction and diffusion sequences with corticospinal tracts abnormalities are seen, which then evolve (day 26) to extensive symmetric cerebral destruction. We review the literature, genetics, suspected pathophysiology and possible neonatal manifestation. CONCLUSION: Incontinentia pigmenti is rare and, therefore, diagnosis is frequently delayed. Nevertheless, in the setting of therapy refractory seizures, excluded infections, and linear vesicular rash, a high index of suspicion is needed. This is the first report of simultaneous corticomedullar involvement as early as the third day of life.

A brief report of the meeting commemorative of the early Saint Louis movement in philosophy, psychology, literature, art and education, in honor of Dr. Denton J. Snider's eightieth birthday, held January 14th and 15th, 1921, at Vandervoort's music hall, St. Louis, Missouri.

"Missouri one hundred years ago" (a brief description of the Saint Louis Missouri centennial pageant, with illustrations): p. 249-254.

American authors: a hand-book of American literature from early colonial to living writers,

Mode of access: Internet.

Early literature of tobacco,

Mode of access: Internet.

Irish literary gazette. : A weekly journal of national literature, criticism, fiction, industry, science, and art. ...

Subtitle varies.

The Albert A. Bieber collection of American plays, poetry and songsters; A most unusual gathering of early and modern American literature, covering a variety of themes...

Mode of access: Internet.

The origin and history of the English language, and of the early literature it embodies /

Includes index.

Early English poetry, ballads, and popular literature of the Middle Ages ;

Mode of access: Internet.

Inisfail: a lyrical chronicle of Ireland. The Irish sisters; early poems, meditative or devotional; poems for the most part connected with the Great Irish famine, 1846-1849; urbs Roma; St. Peter's chains.

Mode of access: Internet.

An epoch in Irish history; Trinity college, Dublin, its foundation and early fortunes, 1591-1660:

Mode of access: Internet.