1000 resultados para Dolomite.
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Na porção oeste da Bacia dos Parecis, Estado de Rondônia, inserida no sudoeste do Cráton Amazônico, rochas carbonáticas expostas nas bordas dos grábens Pimenta Bueno e Colorado têm sido consideradas como parte do preenchimento eopaleozoico da bacia. A avaliação das fácies/microfácies e quimioestratigrafia dessas rochas nas regiões de Chupinguaia e Pimenta Bueno, confirmou a ocorrência de dolomitos rosados que sobrepõem, em contato direto, diamictitos glaciais previamente interpretados como depósitos de leques aluviais. Trabalhos prévios reportaram excursão negativa de δ13C, também confirmados neste trabalho, com variações entre -4.6 e -3,8‰VPDB em Chupinguaia e média de - 3,15‰VPDB em Pimenta Bueno. Esse padrão, de sedimentação e quimioestratigráfico, ausente nas rochas paleozoicas, é comumente encontrado nos depósitos carbonáticos anômalos do Neoproterozoico. No sul do Cráton Amazônico, Estado do Mato Grosso, rochas com essas mesmas características são descritas como capas carbonáticas relacionadas à glaciação marinoana (635 Ma). Neste trabalho, consideramos que os dolomitos rosados sobre diamictitos, em Rondônia, fazem parte do mesmo contexto das capas carbonáticas encontradas no Mato Grosso. Adicionalmente, destaca-se o contato brusco e deformado do dolomito sobre o diamictito, presente em ambas as ocorrências, configurando-se uma das feições típicas das capas carbonáticas do Cráton Amazônico. Essa relação paradoxal, entre diamictito e dolomito, tem sido interpretada como produto da mudança rápida das condições atmosféricas de icehouse para greenhouse, e a deformação da base foi gerada pelo rebound isostático. A capa carbonática de Rondônia compreende duas associações de fácies (AF2 e AF3) que recobrem depósitos glacio-marinhos compostos por paraconglomerados polimíticos (Pp), e arenito seixoso laminado (Asl), da AF1. A AF2 consiste em dolomudstone/dolopackstone peloidal com laminação plana a quasi-planar e com truncamentos de baixo-ângulo (fácies Dp), megamarcas onduladas (fácies Dm) e laminações truncadas por ondas (fácies Dt), interpretada como depósitos de plataforma rasa influenciada por ondas. Esta sucessão costeira é sucedida pela AF3, que compreende as fácies: dolomudstone/dolopackstone e dolomudstone/dolograinstone com partição de folhelho (Df) e siltito laminado (Sl). A fácies Df compreende um pacote de 6 metros de dolomito com partição de folhelho, apresentando lâminas de calcita fibrosa (pseudomorfos de evaporito) e dolomitos com laminações onduladas de corrente. Sobrejacente à fácies Df, ocorre a fácies Sl, apresentando 5 metros de siltito argiloso com laminação plana. Esta associação é interpretada como depósitos de plataforma rasa influenciada por maré, sendo sobreposta discordantemente, em contato angular, por depósitos glaciais do Eopaleozoico. Os valores isotópicos de C e O são negativos e refletem o sinal primário do C. No entanto, pode-se considerar uma leve influência da diagênese meteórica no sinal. As principais quebras nos sinais negativos podem estar associadas à influência meteórica, expressa pela substituição e preenchimento de poros por calcita e pela proximidade de superfícies estratigráficas, os quais refletem alguns padrões de alteração diagenética, representados nos sinais mais negativos. Diferentemente da capa carbonática do Mato Grosso, a capa de Rondônia possui níveis de pseudomorfos de evaporito e dolomitos com partição de folhelho (ritmito), em sucessão de fácies marinha rasa, onde os dolomitos de plataforma rasa influenciada por ondas passam para ritmitos e siltitos de plataforma rasa influenciada por maré (zona de inframaré), configurando uma sucessão retrogradante. Esta nova ocorrência de capa carbonática modifica a estratigrafia da base da Bacia dos Parecis, ao passo que exclui essas rochas carbonáticas da sequência eopaleozoica. Além disso, fornece informações que permitem reconstruir melhor a paleogeografia costeira da bacia neoproterozoica que acumulou os depósitos da plataforma carbonática do Grupo Araras, bem como estende os eventos pós-marinoanos ligados à hipótese do Snowball/Slushball Earth para o sudoeste do Cráton Amazônico, exposto no Estado de Rondônia.
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O intervalo que compreende o final do Paleozoico e início do Mesozoico foi marcado por mudanças globais paleogeográficas e paleoclimáticas, em parte atribuídas a eventos catastróficos. A intensa continentalização do supercontinente Pangeia, com a implantação de extensos desertos, sucedeu os ambientes costeiro-plataformais do início do Permiano. Os registros desses eventos no norte do Brasil são encontrados nas bacias intracratônicas, particularmente na sucessão Permotriássica da Bacia do Parnaíba. A análise de fácies e estratigráfica de afloramentos desta sucessão permitiu a individualização de 14 fácies sedimentares agrupadas em 4 associações de fácies (AF): AF1 e AF2, relacionadas aos depósitos da Formação Motuca, e AF3 e AF4, representativas da base da Formação Sambaíba. A AF1 - Lacustre raso/Mudflat consiste em pelitos vermelhos laminados com lentes de gipsita, calcita e marga, além de lobos de arenitos sigmoidais. A AF2 - Saline pan é constituída por corpos lenticulares de gipso laminado, gipso nodular e gipsarenito, sobrepostos por pelitos esverdeados com nódulos de dolomita e palygorskita. A AF3 - Lençol de areia e AF4 - Campo de dunas são formadas, respectivamente, por arenitos de coloração creme alaranjada com estratificação plano-paralela e estratificação cruzada de médio a grande porte. Destaca-se o registro de intervalos deformados lateralmente contínuos por centenas de quilômetros na zona de contato entre as formações Motuca e Sambaíba. Nestes, ocorrem pelitos com camadas contorcidas e brechadas (Formação Motuca) e arenitos com falhas/microfalhas sinsedimentares, laminação convoluta e diques de injeção preenchidos por argilitos (Formação Sambaíba), interpretados como sismitos induzidos por terremotos de alta magnitude (> 8 na escala Richter).
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Capas carbonáticas se traduzem num dos mais importantes depósitos relacionados ao final das glaciações globais neoproterozóicas. Na região de Tangará da Serra, margem sul do Cráton Amazônico, foi descrita uma sucessão carbonática neoproterozóica de aproximadamente 20 m de espessura que inclui o topo da Formação Mirassol d'Oeste e a base da Formação Guia, respectivamente as capas dolomítica e calcária da base do Grupo Araras. A capa dolomítica é composta por dolograisntones peloidais rosados com laminação plano paralela e truncamentos de baixo ângulo, interpretados como registros de uma plataforma rasa a moderadamente profunda. A capa calcária consiste em siltitos maciços e laminados e calcários finos cristalinos com acamamento de megamarcas onduladas, interpretados como depósitos de plataforma mista moderadamente profunda dominada por ondas. Calcários finos cristalinos com laminação ondulada/marcas onduladas e leques de cristais (pseudomorfos de aragonita) intercalados com folhelhos foram interpretados como depósitos de plataforma profunda e supersaturada em CaCO3. Calcários com estruturas de escorregamento (slump), laminações convolutas e falhas sin-sedimentares caracterizam depósitos de talude e diques neptunianos, preenchidos por brechas calcárias, e camadas deformadas isoladas sugerem atividade sísmica durante a sedimentação. A sucessão carbonática de Tangará da Serra estende a ocorrência de capas carbonáticas no sul do Cráton Amazônico e corrobora com a presença de uma extensa plataforma carbonática formada durante a transgressão após a glaciação Puga correlata ao evento Marinoano.
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The occurence of carbonatic rocks defines a typical type of relief, called karst, that, by its geomorphology and hydrology, usually differs from the surrounding landscape. In the upper São Francisco river basin, some striking remnants of vegetation associated to karst can be found, which are locally knwon as Mata de Pains. In this region, a mosaic of different physiognomies, including forests and open areas, which present noteworthy plant diversity, composes the vegetation. The aim of this study is to provide an inventory of angiosperm species in areas of carbonatic rocks outcrops in the upper São Francisco river basin karst region, as well as analyze the floristic relationship of the study area with different Brazilian phytogeographic domains. Fieldwork was performed during the period of 2002 a 2006, when collections of fertile speciemns were done in areas associated to carbonatic rock outcrops. During the study, 1512 exsicates were incorporated to BHCB herbarium collection. A total of 456 angiosperm species were inventoried, distributed in 299 genera and 77 families. Herbaceous habit was better represented, with 161 species, followed by shrubs and trees (111 species each) and lianas (73 species). The flora of the study area presents more influence of the Mata Atlântica domain (Atlantic Rain Forest), followed by, in order of importance, Cerrado, Amazonia, Caatinga, Pantanal and Pampa. Floristic surveys in different karst regions inserted in different phytogeographic domains may, together, provide useful information in understanding the phytogeografic history of Neotropical vegetation.
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA
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Of the four lacustrine deltaic models, which were found in the Pendência formation, two are represented in the Serraria field. Respectively the deltaic models 1 and 3 shows the reservoir zones A and B. The Zone A is divided into six sub-areas. Each is representing a smaller cycle of development of sigmoidal lobes of deltaic front. Zone B produces in reservoirs of Model 3, or so called Full delta. The Zone B is formed by overlapping the deltaic plain system over the deltaic/prodeltaic front (model 1). This work uses the method of zooming with the aim to contextualize the geometric aspects of the sand bodies, highlighting the analysis of facies and diagenesis with help of pictures and testimonies of thin sections. The sigmoidal lobes of Zone A are fine to very fine sandstones, well sorted, with a arcosian composition.;practically with a weak compaction and cementation of a kind of film of clay (if very fine) and overgrowth feldspar (fine texture). This silicate phases are succeeded by cementation of poiquilotópica calcite, and after this a stage of dissolution, containing only regular permoporosity for this reservoir. Zone B has a combination of two types of deltaic plain reservoir. One is the rarest of distributary channel and the other the most common of lobes of crevasse. In the channel coarse to medium-grained and poor to moderate sorted sandstones are formed (tuning up), and with a lytic arcosiana nature. Rarely there are cements, including growth of feldspar and rhombohedral dolomite, which prevent a high permoporosity of the reservoir. In the crevasse lobes, the sandstones are laminated, fine and well sorted, arkosic, rarely with overgrowth feldspar and calcite poiquilotópica, and with a good intergranular permoporosity
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Geologia Regional - IGCE
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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In the region of Badejo oil Ffeld (Campos Basin) lies an Lower Albian dolomitic layer that shows reservoir rock and seal conditions, among others and, it is occasionally karstified. This work applies geostatistical techniques of ordinary and indicatior kriging, in an attempt to determine a method that assists the analysis of different scenarios offered for petroleum drilling from a quantitative point of view this fact is justified, because there are different visions and strategies that would be adopted under different dolomite conditions (stable - low porosity and high density; reservoir - high porosity and medium density; instable - high porosity and low dentisty). The main objective is a methodological introduction that has not been tested in dolomites before aiming to characterize the distribution of the three conditions described above by ordinary and indicatior kriging, which was based on the obtained data from the dolomite layer identification through well logs interpretation and correlation, followed by seismic interpretation. In addition, it was generated structural contour maps, based on 2D and 3D seismic data interpretation, and then, seismic attributes maps were calculated, in order to transform them into pseudo-density maps, i.e., maps that correlate the density values with the attribute values. As primary results, structural contour maps and seismic attributes were obtained and ordinary and indicatior kriging maps were done, on which it is possible to interpret the distribution of the main reservoir and risk probability for drilling of exploration wells obtaining trends N35E and N10W direction for areas of stability or reservoir levels, while the central part of the map presents a higher risk for loss of drilling fluid. The cut-off values levels were based on the values of first and third quartiles of cumulative histogram (instable and stable zones, respectively), as well as the reservoir level was set as the interval...
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Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE
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The influence of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) on the thermal decomposition process of a calcite (CI) and a dolomite (DP) is investigated in this paper using a thermogravimetric analyser. The tests were non-isothermal at five different heating rates in dynamic atmosphere of air with 0% and 15% carbon dioxide (CO2). In the atmosphere without CO2, the average activation energies (E-alpha) were 197.4 kJ mol(-1) and 188.1 kJ mol(-1) for CI and DP, respectively. For the DP with 15% CO2, two decomposition steps were observed, indicating a change of mechanism. The values of E-alpha for 15% CO2 were 378.7 kJ mol(-1) for the CI, and 299.8 kJ mol(-1) (first decomposition) and 453.4 kJ mol(-1) (second decomposition) for the DP, showing that the determination of E-alpha for DP should in this case be considered separately in those two distinct regions. The results obtained in this study are relevant to understanding the behaviour changes in the thermal decomposition of limestones with CO2 partial pressure when applied to technologies, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), in which carbon dioxide is present in high concentrations.
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Presenta el acto José Mangas Viñuela
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Investigations were performed during the years 1999 to 2001 on a limed and unlimed plot within a high-elevated sessile oak forest. The oak forest (with 90 years old European beech at the understorey) was 170 to 197 years old. It is located at forest district Merzalben, location 04/0705, which is situated in the Palatinate Forest in south-west Germany. Liming was performed in December 1988 when 6 tons/ha of powdered Dolomite were brought up by the forestry department. Liming was performed to counteract the effects of soil acidification (pH(H2O) at Horizon A (0-10 cm): 3.9), which is induced by long-term (anthropogenic) acidic cloud cover and precipitation. Potentially toxic Al3+ ions, which become solubilized below pH 5, were suspected to be responsible for forest dieback and sudden death of the mature oaks. The most logical entry point for these toxic ions was suspected to occur in the highly absorptive region of the ectomycorrhizae (fungal covered root tips). However, the diversity and abundance of oak-ectomycorrhizal species and their actual roles in aluminum translocation (or blockage) were unknown. It was hypothesized that the ectomycorrhizae of sessile oaks in a limed forest would exhibit greater seasonal diversity and abundance with less evidence of incorporated aluminum than similar oak ectomycorrhizae from unlimed soils. To test this hypothesis, 12 oaks in the limed plot and 12 in an adjacent unlimed plot were selected. Each spring and fall for 2 years (1999 & 2000), 2 sets of soil cylinders (9.9 cm dia.) were extracted from Horizon A (0-10 cm), Horizon B (30-40 cm) and Horizon C (50-60 cm depth) at a distance of 1 meter from each tree base. Roots were extracted from each probe by gentle sieving and rinsing. Soil samples were retained for pH (H2O, CaCl2, and KCl) and moisture analysis. One set of roots was sorted by size and air-dried for biomass analysis. The finest mycorrhizal roots of this set were used for bound and unbound (cytosolic) mineral [Al, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Mn, S, Zn, Fe, Cd and Pb] analysis (by Landwirtschaftliche Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalt Rheinland Palatinate (LUFA)). Within 7 days of collection, the mycorrhizal tips from the second set of probes were excised, sorted, identified (using Agerer’s Color Atlas), counted and weighed. Seasonal diversity and abundance was characterized for 50 of the 93 isolates. The location and relative abundance of Al within the fungal and root cell walls was characterized for 68 species using 0.01% Morin dye and fluorescence microscopy. Morin complexes with Al to produce an intense yellow fluorescence. The 4 most common species (Cenococcum geophilum, Quercirhiza fibulocsytidiata, Lactarius subdulcis, Piceirhiza chordata) were prepared for bound Al, Ca, Fe and K mineral analysis by LUFA. The unlimed and limed plots were then compared. Only 46 of the 93 isolated ectomycorrhizal species had been previously associated with oaks in the literature. Mycorrhizal biomass was most abundant in Horizon A, declining with depth, drought and progressive soil acidification. Mycorrhizae were most diverse (32 species) in the limed plot, but individual species abundance was low (R Selection) in comparison to the unlimed plot, where there were fewer species (24) but each species present was abundant (K Selection). Liming increased diversity and altered dominance hierarchy, seasonal distributions and succession trends of ectomycorrhizae at all depths. Despite an expected reduction in Al content, the limed ectomycorrhizae both qualitatively (fluorescence analysis) and quantitatively (mineral analysis) contained more bound Al, especially so in Horizon A. The Al content qualitatively and quantitatively increased with depth in the unlimed and limed plots. The bound Al content fluctuated between 4000-and 20000 ppm while the unbound component was consistently lower (4 -14 ppm). The relative amount of unbound Al declined upon liming implying less availability for translocation to the crown area of the trees. This correspouds with the findings of good crown appearance and lower tree mortality in the limed zone. Each ectomycorrhizal species was unique in its ability to block, sequester (hold) or translocate Aluminum. In several species, Al uptake varied with changes in moisture, pH, depth and liming. According to the fluorescence study, about 48% of the isolated ectomycorrhizal species blocked and/or sequestered (held) Al in their mantle and/or Hartig net walls, qualitatively lowering bound Al in the adjacent root cell walls. Generally, if Al was more concentrated in the fungal walls, it was less evident in the cortex and xylem and conversely, if Al was low or absent from the fungal walls it was frequently more evident in the cortex and xylem.
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Die Ränder des Labrador Meeres wurden während des späten Neoproterozoikums intensiv von karbonatreichen silikatischen Schmelzen durchsetzt. Diese Schmelzen bildeted sich bei Drucken zwischen ca. 4-6 GPa (ca. 120-180 km Tiefe) an der Basis der kontinentalen Mantel-Lithosphäre. Diese Magmengenerierung steht in zeitlichem und räumlichem Zusammenhang mit kontinentalen Extensionsprozessen, welche zu beiden Seiten des sich öffnenden Iapetus-Ozeans auftraten.