1000 resultados para Direitos do paciente renal


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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A estimativa de pessoas infectadas pelo HIV no mundo, no ano de 2006, foi cerca de 39,5 milhões. No Brasil, o Ministério da Saúde indica terapia para pacientes com manifestações clínicas associadas ao HIV-1 e para aqueles com contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ abaixo de 200 células/ mm3. Paralelamente aos benefícios da terapia anti-retroviral há o reconhecimento de efeitos adversos, como miopatia, lipodistrofia, pancreatite, hepatotoxicidade e acidose lática. A complexidade dos esquemas terapêuticos torna a adesão à terapia difícil, contribuindo para a falha terapêutica. Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico, de monitoramento de Lamivudina (3TC) e Zidovudina (AZT) e correlacionado com as funções hepática, renal e nutricional em pacientes portadores de HIV-1, atendidos na CASA DIA, em Belém/PA. O grupo populacional estudado constou de 60 portadores do HIV-1 de ambos os gêneros, com faixa etária de 20 a 61 anos, que faziam uso de AZT e/ou 3TC. Os níveis plasmáticos de aminotransferases, uréia e creatinina foram determinados por fotometria de absorção e, por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência, foram determinadas as concentrações plasmáticas de 3TC e AZT. O estado nutricional foi avaliado através do Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC). As concentrações de 3TC variaram de 1,283 a 355,953 μg/mL, enquanto que as de AZT variaram de 0,008 a 22,544 μg/mL. A concentração de 3TC evidenciou associação com a ocupação (p < 0,05) e com a creatininemia (p < 0,0001), mas não com as aminotrasnferases e uremia (p > 0,05). Não encontramos associação entre a concentração de AZT com as informações demográficas e com a creatininemia (p > 0,05), todavia verificou-se associação com as aminotransferases e uremia (p < 0,0001). O IMC revelou associação com todos os parâmetros estudados: concentrações de 3TC, AZT, aminotransferases, uremia e creatininemia (p < 0,05). Concluímos que as concentrações de 3TC podem afetar os níveis de creatinina e sofrem influência do estado nutricional do paciente, enquanto que as concentrações de AZT podem alterar os níveis de aminotransferases, uréia e também são influenciadas pelo estado nutricional, ratificando os processos farmacocinéticos desses fármacos.

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Relata-se um caso de um paciente com queixa principal de dor lombar à esquerda, portador de angiomiolipomas renais (AMLRs) bilaterais, com a lesão mais volumosa de 6,2 cm em seu maior diâmetro, submetido a tratamento endovascular por embolização arterial superseletiva com microesferas. Os AMLRs são tumores benignos raros. A maioria é esporádica, enquanto uma minoria está associada à Esclerose Tuberosa Complexa (ETC). Os AMLRs maiores do que 4 cm devem ser tratados devido ao maior risco de complicações, principalmente hemorrágicas. A embolização arterial seletiva (EAS) é um tratamento efetivo e seguro para os AMLRs.

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It is understood by Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) or Stage IV Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) the morbid state in which there is a substantial and irreversible loss of functional capacity, metabolic and endocrine function in both kidneys, leading to a framework of dehydration, azotemia, electrolyte imbalance, anemia, uremic syndrome, secondary hyperparathyroidism, among other conditions that make the patient's life without treatment unfeasible. An adequate nutritional support to patients with CKD at any stage aims to maintain a good clinical condition and an attempt to delay the progression of the disease. The basis of a diet for patients with CKD is the restriction in this protein being of high biological value, low-phosphorus, high energy density, fiber and antioxidants combined with a good dietary practices that allow the patient a good quality of life

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Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is the most common disease among dogs of any breed. It is the cause of high levels of morbidity and death rate in dogs. It's important to have an early diagnostic of the dogs condition and immediately start a supportive treatment for CRF. In this research we are discussing the most common types of treatment focused in reducing the progression of this disease and better quality of life for the animal with IRC

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A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) é considerada um problema mundial de saúde pública. O paciente com DRC apresenta baixa tolerância ao exercício físico e como conseqüência apresenta limitações na capacidade funcional e força muscular respiratória. O paciente com DRC em programa de hemodiálise pode sofrer impactos negativos na sua capacidade funcional. Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade funcional e a força muscular respiratória associada ao exercício físico em pacientes com doença renal crônica que realizam hemodiálise. Metodologia: 28 pacientes de ambos os sexos com idade entre 40 e 60 anos participaram do estudo, em programa de hemodiálise no Instituto do Rim da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Presidente Prudente-SP. Os pacientes foram avaliados pela força muscular inspiratória (PImax) e força muscular expiratória (PEmax) pela manovacuometria e Teste de Caminhada de Seis Minutos (TC6’) para avaliar a capacidade funcional. Após as avaliações, os pacientes iniciaram o programa de atividade física, com duração de oito semanas, realizado 3 vezes por semana durante 40 minutos na hemodiálise. Ao final do programa de exercícios físicos, os pacientes foram reavaliados. Resultados: Na avaliação da força muscular respiratória o valor da PImax pós foi significativamente maior que o valor obtido na avaliação pré programa (p<0,05), para a variável PEmax não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os momentos pré e pós intervenção (p<0,05). As avaliações da capacidade funcional ou Teste de Caminhada de Seis Minutos (TC6’) inicial e após o programa de exercícios, não apresentaram diferenças significativas (p<0,05). Dados da Escala de Borg indicaram redução significativa do cansaço e dispnéia (p<0,05), após o programa de exercícios. Os indicadores relativos à dor foram reduzidos, após o programa, em relação ao pré (p<0,05). Conclusão:... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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Dramatic changes occur in the lives of patients on peritoneal dialysis and his family life, changing lifestyle, professional and social activities. Considering the important role of family in treatment, is crucial for nurses to know how these families perceive their role as caregivers and their difficulties and needs, in the process of peritoneal dialysis. The approach chosen for the study was the phenomenological method, based on Merleau-Ponty, who proposes to understand the human experience, from the description of those who lived it. The study findings show that in the beginning of treatment, family members, feel impacted with the disease severity and eager to become responsible for maintenance treatment, fearing not match the expectations.Guided by staff, appear confident in taking care and deal with the difficulties and complications of treatment, supported by professionals. However, resent the great changes in their social activities and work, his life turns out to be quite limited, due to the dedication to a sick family member. Many feel overwhelmed because they are not supported by other family members. Some envision a future outlook for renal transplant, others seem skeptical, given the long waiting list, especially when advanced age of the sick family member. These results suggest the need for individualized attention to family caregivers, and to encourage the family to organize itself and develop a joint work. In this sense, the design of health care, taking care with the focus of the family, it seems highly appropriate in preparing the plan of family orientation, this is defined as a dynamic unity, which, working in harmony, can contribute positively in the treatment of health a sick member

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The kidneys, for his anatomical and functional characteristics, are sensitive to affections that take the liberation of renal toxins or the blood supply, causing irreversible injuries to his renoparenchymal tissue that is substituted by fibrous tissue. Even after the resolution of the basic cause, there will be the loss of a significant number of his functional unity, renal adaptations will take place in the attempt of maintaining the renal function. These adaptations produce additional injuries, perpetuating to loss of renoparenchymal tissue and the reduction of the renal function. The renal insufficiency (IR) takes place after the loss of 3/4 of the number of his functional unities. Before the progression to the phase of IR, the animal shows up practically without symptoms, but for the gradual increase of the urinary and of the ingestion of water. The reduction of the degree of renal function leads to alterations system compensatory for the accumulation of substances that would suffer renal excretion. The progression of IR leads to the phase of the syndrome urêmica. In this phase the animal presents innumerable clinical signs that can take it to the death. The treatment is symptomatic and dietetic, but depending on the phase not much efficient. Because of being progressive and insidious, the IRC demands the preparation of campaigns and programs of explanation for the veterinary doctors who aim for the consciousness and/or sensibility of the owners to carry out periodic examinations of selection that precociously detect the renal dysfunction. The diagnosis in the beginning IR enables the efficiency of the treatment in stop or slowing his progression, extending the time and quality of life of the patient

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Abstract Introduction: Indications for induction therapy is not consensual in living donors. Objective: The objective of this study was compare no induction with thymoglobulin and basiliximab induction in the incidence of acute rejection in kidney transplantation with living donor. Methods: We select all cases of renal transplantation with living donor performed in Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu da UNESP during the period of January 2010 to December 2013. The group was divided by the type of medication used for induction. Results: A total of 90 patients were evaluated. There were no differences in baseline characteristics of age and underlying disease. The rate of biopsy-proven acute rejection was higher in the group without induction (42.9%) compared to basiliximab group (20%) and Thymoglobulin (16.7%), p = 0.04. The rejection by compatibility shows that the identical had the lower rejection rate (10%). The haploidentical group without induction had the highest rejection rates (53.3%). In all distinct group the rejection rates were similar with basiliximab or Thymoglobulin, p = NS. The use of induction therapy was associated independently with a lower risk of rejection (OR = 0.32 CI: 0.11 to 0.93, p = 0.036). There were no differences in renal function at 6 months and patient survival and graft in the three groups. Discussion: The haploidentical patients without induction were those with higher rates of acute rejection. The group of patients induced with Thymoglobulin had a higher immunological risk, however showed low rates of rejection. Conclusion: The use of induction therapy resulted in lower rates of rejection in transplantation with living donor.

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Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

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The real role of renal transplantation in hepatic fi brosis progression caused by hepatitis C virus is still unpredictable. Histological evaluation of the liver is the best form to estimate fi brosis evolution, although semiquantitative analysis carries important limitations. Objective: To apply a morphometric quantitative assay on hepatic fi brosis progression in renal recipients with hepatits C. Methods: Thirty patients were initially evaluated, but only seven were included. They underwent the fi rst biopsy near the transplantation date and the second biopsy at least 4 years later. The immunosuppressant therapy adopted in all cases was azatioprine and micofenolate. Fibrosis progression rate (FPR) was calculated before and after the surgery date in each patient according to Metavir score and morphometric analysis. Results: The FPR calculated by Metavir score showed no statistical difference between pre- and post-transplantation (p=0.9). The FPR calculated by the morphometric analysis was 0.58 ± 0.78 before transplantation and 3.0 ± 3.3 after the surgery, with statistical signi- fi cance between these values (p=0.0026). Conclusion: In the sample assessed, the progression of hepatic fi brosis was documented and quantifi ed only by the morphometric analysis, which is as a promising approach to histological evaluation of these patients.