Endothelin 3 selectively promotes survival and proliferation of neural crest-derived glial and melanocytic precursors in vitro

Genetic data in the mouse have shown that endothelin 3 (ET3) and its receptor B (ETRB) are essential for the development of two neural crest (NC) derivatives, the melanocytes and the enteric nervous system. We report here the effects of ET3 in vitro on the differentiation of quail trunk NC cells (NCC) in mass and clonal cultures. Treatment with ET3 is highly mitogenic to the undifferentiated NCC population, which leads to expansion of the population of cells in the melanocytic, and to a lesser extent, the glial lineages. The effect of ET3 on these two NC derivatives was confirmed by the quantitative analysis of clones derived from individual NCC subjected to ET3: we found a large increase in the survival and proliferation of unipotent and bipotent precursors for glial cells and melanocytes, with no significant effect on multipotent cells generating neurons. ET3 first stimulates expression of both ETRB and ETRB2 by cultured NCC. Then, under prolonged exposure to ET3, ETRB expression decreases and switches toward an ETRB2-positive melanogenic cell population. We therefore propose that the present in vitro experiments (long-lasting exposure to a high concentration of ET3) mimic the environment encountered by NCC in vivo when they migrate to the skin under the ectoderm that expresses ET3.

Endothelin 3 promotes neural crest cell proliferation and mediates a vast increase in melanocyte number in culture.

Mutations in the endothelin 3 (EDN3) gene severely affect the development of neural crest-derived melanocytes. In this paper, we report the action of EDN3 on neural crest cells in vitro. The presence of EDN3 leads to a large increase in the number of cells, the majority of which eventually differentiate into melanocytes that aggregate to form a reproducible pigmentation pattern. Quantitative analysis of the effect of different culture conditions revealed that EDN3 initially promotes neural crest cell proliferation. This phase of expansion, which can be prolonged for a few weeks if the cells are replaced regularly, is followed by both a decrease in cell proliferation and the onset of melanocytic differentiation. Therefore, EDN3 is a potent mitogen for early neural crest cell precursors that can give rise to melanocytes.

OEconomiques, 1745. Pub. avec introduction et table analytique,

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Reisen nach Grossbritannien ... 1816 ...

1. abth. Landmacht. 1. th. Organisation des herres.--3. abth. Handelsmacht. 1 th. Brüken-und strassenwesen.

L'Histoire profane : depuis son commencement jusqu'a present.

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L'Histoire profane : depuis son commencement jusqu'a present.

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L'Histoire profane : depuis son commencement jusqu'a present.

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L'Histoire profane : depuis son commencement jusqu'a present : tome quatriéme, contenant l'histoire de ce qui s'est passé depuis la fin du dixiéme siécle jusqu'à l'an 1600 ou environ.

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Histoire de l'Eglise et des auteurs ecclesiastiques du seiziéme siecle /

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Traité de l'autorité ecclésiastique et de la puissance temporelle ... /

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Traité de l'autorité ecclésiastique et de la puissance temporelle ... /

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Méthode pour étudier La théologie ... /

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Valentina /

En port.: E. de O.

Profession d'avocat : recueil de pièces concernant l'exercice de cette profession /

t. 1. Recueil de pièces concernant l'exercice de cette profession.Contenant: L'Histoire abrégée de l'ordre des avocats, par Boucher d'Argis, avec une continuation, le célèbre Dialogue des avocats de Loysel; les Lettres de Camus; divers autres morceaux sur l'étude des principales parties du droit, par MM. Dupin ainé, Dupin jeune, Berville, Pardessus, Cormenin, Delacroix-Frainville, Armand Séguier, Carré de Rennes; les décrets et ordonnanaces sur la discipline du barreau; le commentaire de M. Daviel de Rouen, sur l'Ordonnance de 1822; l'analyse des arrêts intervenus en matière de discipline, etc., etc. [Nouv. éd.]. - t. 2. Bibliothèque choisie des livres de droit, quíl est le plus utile dácquérir et de connaître; par M. Camus; 5. éd., rev. et augm. dún grand nombre dárticles et de notices biographiques.

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