European cancer mortality predictions for the year 2016 with focus on leukemias.

BACKGROUND: Current cancer mortality statistics are important for public health decision making and resource allocation. Age standardized rates and numbers of deaths are predicted for 2016 in the European Union. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Population and death certification data for stomach, colorectum, pancreas, lung, breast, uterus, prostate, leukemia and total cancers were obtained from the World Health Organisation database and Eurostat. Figures were derived for the EU, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain and the UK. Projected numbers of deaths by age group were obtained for 2016 by linear regression on estimated numbers of deaths over the most recent time period identified by a joinpoint regression model. RESULTS: Projected total cancer mortality trends for 2016 in the EU are favourable in both sexes with rates of 133.5/100,000 men and 85.2/100,000 women (8% and 3% falls since 2011, due to population ageing) corresponding to 753,600 and 605,900 deaths in men and women for a total number of 1,359,500 projected cancer deaths (+3% compared to 2011). In men lung, colorectal and prostate cancer fell 11%, 5% and 8% since 2011. Breast and colorectal cancer trends in women are favourable (8% and 7% falls, respectively), but lung and Pancreatic cancer rates rose 5% and 4% since 2011 reaching rates of 14.4 and 5.6/100,000 women. Leukemia shows favourable projected mortality for both sexes and all age groups with stronger falls in the younger age groups, rates are 4.0/100,000 men and 2.5/100,000 women, with respectively falls of 14% and 12%. CONCLUSION: The 2016 predictions for EU cancer mortality confirm the favourable trends in rates particularly for men. Lung cancer is likely to remain the leading site for female cancer rates. Continuing falls in mortality, larger in children and young adults, are predicted in leukemia, essentially due to advancements in management and therapy, and their subsequent adoption across Europe.

Reciprocal Effects on Neurocognitive and Metabolic Phenotypes in Mouse Models of 16p11.2 Deletion and Duplication Syndromes.

The 16p11.2 600 kb BP4-BP5 deletion and duplication syndromes have been associated with developmental delay; autism spectrum disorders; and reciprocal effects on the body mass index, head circumference and brain volumes. Here, we explored these relationships using novel engineered mouse models carrying a deletion (Del/+) or a duplication (Dup/+) of the Sult1a1-Spn region homologous to the human 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 locus. On a C57BL/6N inbred genetic background, Del/+ mice exhibited reduced weight and impaired adipogenesis, hyperactivity, repetitive behaviors, and recognition memory deficits. In contrast, Dup/+ mice showed largely opposite phenotypes. On a F1 C57BL/6N × C3B hybrid genetic background, we also observed alterations in social interaction in the Del/+ and the Dup/+ animals, with other robust phenotypes affecting recognition memory and weight. To explore the dosage effect of the 16p11.2 genes on metabolism, Del/+ and Dup/+ models were challenged with high fat and high sugar diet, which revealed opposite energy imbalance. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the majority of the genes located in the Sult1a1-Spn region were sensitive to dosage with a major effect on several pathways associated with neurocognitive and metabolic phenotypes. Whereas the behavioral consequence of the 16p11 region genetic dosage was similar in mice and humans with activity and memory alterations, the metabolic defects were opposite: adult Del/+ mice are lean in comparison to the human obese phenotype and the Dup/+ mice are overweight in comparison to the human underweight phenotype. Together, these data indicate that the dosage imbalance at the 16p11.2 locus perturbs the expression of modifiers outside the CNV that can modulate the penetrance, expressivity and direction of effects in both humans and mice.

Offdesign operation of kraft recovery boiler

A model to solve heat and mass balances during the offdesign load calculations was created. These equations are complex and nonlinear. The main new ideas used in the created offdesign model of a kraft recovery boiler are the use of heat flows as torn iteration variables instead of the current practice of using the mass flows, vectorizing equation solving, thus speeding up the process, using non dimensional variables for solving the multiple heat transfer surface problem and using a new procedure for calculating pressure losses. Recovery boiler heat and mass balances are reduced to vector form. It is shown that these vectorized equations can be solved virtually without iteration. The iteration speed is enhanced by the use of the derived method of calculating multiple heat transfer surfaces simultaneously. To achieve this quick convergence the heat flows were used as the torn iteration parameters. A new method to handle pressure loss calculations with linearization was presented. This method enabled less time to be spent calculating pressure losses. The derived vector representation of the steam generator was used to calculate offdesign operation parameters for a 3000 tds/d example recovery boiler. The model was used to study recovery boiler part load operation and the effect of the black liquor dry solids increase on recovery boiler dimensioning. Heat flows to surface elements for part load calculations can be closely approximated with a previously defined exponent function. The exponential method can be used for the prediction of fouling in kraft recovery boilers. For similar furnaces the firing of 80 % dry solids liquor produces lower hearth heat release rate than the 65 % dry solids liquor if we fire at constant steam flow. The furnace outlet temperatures show that capacity increase with firing rate increase produces higher loadings than capacity increase with dry solids increase. The economizers, boiler banks and furnaces can be dimensioned smaller if we increase the black liquor dry solids content. The main problem with increased black liquor dry solids content is the decrease in the heat available to superheat. Whenever possible the furnace exit temperature should be increased by decreasing the furnace height. The increase in the furnace exit temperature is usually opposed because of fear of increased corrosion.

Calidad de vida y sus factores determinantes en universitarios españoles de Ciencias de la Salud

La calidad de vida en la población universitaria adquiere una especial importancia ya que permite obtener información sobre las condiciones de vida de los universitarios y, sobre todo, de cómo éstos las perciben. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida de los universitarios que cursan estudios en ciencias de la salud y su relación con diferentes factores tales como: hábitos de vida, parámetros antropométricos y la influencia de las distintas variables sobre su percepción. Material y Método: Estudio transversal de una muestra de 1.753 estudiantes de ciencias de la salud de nueve universidades españolas con diseño muestral aleatorio y estatrificado según curso y facultad al que se le aplicó un cuestionaro ad hoc que recogía todas las variables a estudio. Resultados: La calidad de vida percibida por los participantes fue Me = 75. Los factores explorados de la calidad de vida se co-relacionaron significativamente con la percepción global de calidad de vida de los estudiantes (p<0,001). Se establecieron 3 dimensiones y el impacto de cada una de ellas sobre la percepción de calidad de vida global fue p<0,001. Los varones percibieron mejor calidad de vida que las mujeres y también los estudiantes con menor Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). Conclusión: Los universitarios son una población clave para realizar actividades de promoción y prevención de la salud por lo que resulta necesario crear mejores infraestucturas y recursos educativos para mejorar la CV y fomentar hábitos y estilos de vida saludable con especial atención en la alimentación y la realización de una adecuada actividad física.

Health and reproduction of red mullet, Mullus barbatus, in the western Mediterranean Sea

The reproductive and general health of exploited fish stocks is an essential element of sustainable and profitable fisheries. The main purpose of this study was to assess the relationships between reproduction and two important parameters of fish health (parasitism and energy reserves) in female specimens of red mullet, Mullus barbatus, from the western Mediterranean Sea. We present new data for this species on (i) the prevalence and intensity of infection by metazoan parasites; (ii) the total lipid content in muscle and gonads as a measure of condition and (iii) fecundity and egg quality as a measure of their reproductive capacity. The results show that M. barbatus is a batch spawner with an income breeding strategy, an asynchronous development of oocytes and indeterminate fecundity. The results also indicate that the three most abundant and prevalent parasites significantly affect the condition and reproduction of M. barbatus. Specifically, the digenean, Opecoeloides furcatus, causes a reduction in the female"s energy reserves, while the nematodes, Hysterothylacium fabri and H. aduncum, produce a rise in egg production but impair egg quality. These implications of the relationships between parasitism, fish health and fish reproduction should be taken into consideration in the assessment and management of exploited species

De nova facie orbis Europaei circa saeculum reformationis exorta

Invocatio: Q.F.S.F.Q.

Inventering av plantskog med laserscanning och digitalt flygfoto

Referat av artikeln: Korpela, I., Tuomola, T., Tokola, T. & Dahlin, B. 2008. Appraisal of seedling stand vegetation with airborne imagery and discrete-return LiDAR - an exploratory analysis. Silva Fennica 42 (5) : 753-772.

Keinutan kaikua

Soitinnus: lauluääni, piano.

L'Univers

1869/05/23 (Numéro 753).

Influência da vazão de água sobre o rendimento de um coletor solar plano construído em termoplástico

ResumoAvaliou-se o rendimento térmico de um coletor solar plano construído em termoplástico, em condições reais de operação, registrando as temperaturas de entrada e de saída de água na placa, mediante quatro distintas vazões mássicas de água: 0,026 kg s-1; 0,04 kg s-1; 0,054 kg s-1; e 0,068 kg s-1. Os ensaios foram realizados no Laboratório de Termodinâmica e Energia da Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola da Unicamp. Com base nos valores de temperatura da água na entrada e na saída das placas, foram calculados os valores de potência térmica [W m-2]. O maior valor médio diário de potência térmica (753 W m-2) foi obtido para a vazão de 0,054 kg s-1. Para a maior vazão (0,068 kg s-1), o valor de potência térmica foi similar ao obtido para a vazão de 0,04 kg s-1 (715 W m-2), mostrando a existência de uma vazão ótima de operação.

Resistência à insulina em mulheres com síndrome dos ovários policísticos modifica fatores de risco cardiovascular

OBJETIVO: avaliar se a presença de resistência à insulina (RI) modifica fatores de risco cardiovascular em mulheres com síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP). MÉTODOS: estudo transversal no qual 60 mulheres com SOP, com idade entre 18 e 35 anos e sem uso de hormônios, foram avaliadas. A RI foi avaliada por meio do quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). RI foi definida como QUICKI <0,33. As seguintes variáveis foram comparadas entre o grupo com e sem RI: antropométricas (peso, altura, circunferência da cintura, pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca), laboratoriais (homocisteína, interleucina-6, fator de necrose tumoral-α, testosterona, fração de androgênios livre, colesterol total e frações, triglicerídeos, proteína C reativa e insulina, glicose) e ultrassonográficas (distensibilidade e espessura íntima-média da carótida e dilatação mediada por fluxo da artéria braquial). RESULTADOS: Dezoito mulheres (30%) apresentaram RI. As mulheres com RI, comparadas às sem RI, apresentaram diferenças significativas nos seguintes marcadores antropométricos (SOP com RI e sem RI respectivamente): índice de massa corporal (35,5±5,6 versus 23,9±4,8 kg/m², p<0,01;), cintura (108,1±11,53 versus 79,5±11,1 cm, p<0,01) e pressão arterial sistólica (128,0±10,8 versus 114,0±8,9 mmHg, p<0,01) e pressão arterial diastólica (83,6±9,6 versus 77,0±7,5 mmHg, p=0,01). Também foram observadas diferenças significativas nos seguintes marcadores laboratoriais: triglicerídeos (120,0±56,5 versus 77,7±53,4 mg/dL, p=0,01), HDL (43,06±6,3 versus 40,4±10,8, p=0,01) e proteína C reativa (7,9±10,5 mg/L versus 2,6±3,2 mg/L, p<0,01), insulina (28,0±18,1 versus 5,3±2,4 µU/mL, p<0,01) e glicose (93,5±10,0 versus 87,5±8,7 mg/dL, p=0,02). Adicionalmente, dois dos três marcadores ultrassonográficos de risco cardiovascular também foram diferentes entre os grupos: distensibilidade carotídea (0,24±0,05 versus 0,30±0,08 mmHg-1, p<0,01) e espessura íntima-média da carótida (0,52±0,08 versus 0,43±0,09 mm, p<0,01). Além disso, a proporção de síndrome metabólica foi maior nas mulheres com RI (nove casos=50% versus três casos=7,1%, p<0,01). CONCLUSÕES: mulheres com SOP e RI apresentam diferenças significativas em vários marcadores ultrassonográficos, séricos e antropométricos que apontam para uma elevação no risco cardiovascular, quando comparadas a mulheres com SOP sem RI. Diante desses dados, a determinação sistemática da avaliação de RI em mulheres com SOP pode ajudar a identificar pacientes de risco cardiovascular.

A altura uterina é capaz de diagnosticar os desvios do volume de líquido amniótico?

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desempenho de uma curva de altura uterina (AU) quanto à capacidade de rastrear desvios do volume de líquido amniótico, utilizando uma curva brasileira de índice de líquido amniótico (ILA) como padrão-ouro. MÉTODOS: O presente estudo representa um corte transversal no qual foram incluídas 753 gestantes em acompanhamento pré-natal na rede pública de João Pessoa (PB) no período de março a outubro de 2006 e que tiveram um exame de ultrassonografia (US) de rotina agendado para depois da 26ª semana de idade gestacional. Foram excluídos os casos com diagnóstico de gestação gemelar, óbito fetal intrauterino e malformações fetais maiores. Além de informações sociodemográficas, foram coletados também os valores da AU medida de forma padronizada, os valores do peso fetal estimado, do ILA e a idade gestacional pelo exame de US. A capacidade da curva de AU em predizer os desvios do volume de líquido amniótico foi avaliada tendo uma curva brasileira de ILA em função da idade gestacional como padrão-ouro. Para isso, foram estimados a sensibilidade, especificidade e valores preditivos positivo e negativo para diferentes pontos de corte. RESULTADOS: A medida da AU identificou 10,5% das mulheres como AU baixa e possivelmente associada ao oligoâmnio, e 25,2% como AU alta e possivelmente associada ao polidrâmnio. Utilizando uma curva brasileira de referência para ILA, a AU foi capaz de predizer pobremente a ocorrência de oligoâmnio (sensibilidade variando entre 37 a 28%) e de forma razoável a ocorrência de polidrâmnio (sensibilidade variando entre 88 a 69%). CONCLUSÃO: A medida da altura uterina mostrou um desempenho ruim para predizer oligoâmnio e um desempenho razoável para predizer polidrâmnio. Sua utilização para essa finalidade só se justifica, portanto, em situações nas quais o exame ultrassonográfico não esteja fácil e rotineiramente disponível, a fim de ajudar na priorização dos casos que deveriam ter esse exame realizado.

Kaakkois-Suomen ekotehokkuus : Seurantaraportti 2013

Kaakkois-Suomen ELY-keskus, Kymenlaakson liitto ja Etelä-Karjalan liitto toteuttivat vuoden 2012 aikana ECOREG-hankkeessa valittujen ekotehokkuusindikaattorien kuudennen vuosipäivityksen molemmille maakunnille. Tässä raportissa esitetään Kaakkois-Suomen ympäristö-, talous- ja sosiaalis-kulttuuristen indikaattorien kehittyminen indikaattorikohtaisesti valittuina aikasarjoina. Lisäksi raportissa käydään läpi vuosiraportoinnin käytännöt, aikataulut, päivitysprosessin aikana esiin tulleet kehitystavoitteet, indikaattoriryhmäkohtaiset yhteenvedot sekä arviot alueellisen ekotehokkuuden kehittymisestä ja tilasta Kaakkois-Suomessa.

Pennförare i periferin : österbottniska sockenskrivare 1721-1868

Modern research on literacy, the scriptualization of the administration and the interaction between the governing and the governed as part of the political culture, has brought to the fore the issue of different scripts and their terms. The present dissertation focuses on the parish scribes in the county of Ostrobothnia during the period 1721–1868. The peasantry had been given the right to pay parish scribes in 1624. The parish scribes who were to assist the peasants in connection with the collection of taxes simultaneously supervised the bailiffs who collected the taxes. Their writing skills made the scribes indispensable also in many other contexts. In Ostrobothnia, the peasantry had use for parish scribes, who worked as mediators between Swedish and Finnish, between the oral and the written and vice versa. The aim of this dissertation is on the one hand to explore the recruitment of parish scribes, and on the other to examine the parish scribes as a professional and social group. The parish scribes’ significance for the peasantry in everyday life, local decision-making and in connection with political processes will be analyzed by examining their work and professional activities. The recruitment of parish scribes and has been analyzed as a decision process where different actors were able to influence the election. The parish scribes’ competence requirements and terms of employment have been analyzed. The parish scribes as a professional body or a social group has not previously been explored. The examination of the 154 parish scribes as a professional and social group has been carried out in the form of a collective biography. Parish scribes’ tasks originally consisted of the collection of taxes, but the duties within the parish administration increased in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The private writing assignments consisted of many different documents: bills of sale, probate inventories and estate distributions, wills, land tenancy agreements, life annuity and crofter agreements, promissory notes, auction records and different survey documents. The interaction with state power has been analyzed by examining five political decision-making processes that the peasants actively participated in.

Congenital upper limb defects in Finland 1993-2005

Background: Interest in limb defects has grown after the thalidomide tragedy in the 1960s. As a result, congenital malformation registries, monitoring changes in birthprevalence and defect patterns, have been established in several countries. However, there are only a few true population based studies on birth prevalence of upper limb defects. The burden of hospital care among these children, specifically in terms of the number of admissions and total time spent in hospital, is also unknown. Aims and Methods: This study is based on information gathered from the Finnish Register of Congenital malformations (FRM) and the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register (FHDR). A total of 417 children born between 1993 and 2005 with an upper limb defect were gathered from the FRM. The upper limb defects were classified using the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand -classification that enables comparison with previous and future studies. Birth and live birth prevalence, sex and side distribution, frequency of associated anomalies as well as the proportion of perinatal and infant deaths according to the different subtypes were calculated. The number of hospital admissions, days spent in hospital, number and type of surgical operations were collected from the FHDR. Special features of two subgroups, radial ray defects (RRD) and constriction band syndrome (CBS), were explored. Results: Upper limb defects were observed in 417 of 753 342 consecutive births and in 392 of 750 461 live births. Birth prevalence was 5.5 per 10 000 births and 5.2 per 10 000 live births. Multiple anomalies or a known syndrome was found in 250 cases (60%). Perinatal mortality was 139 per 1000 births and infant mortality 135 per 1000 live births (overall Finnish perinatal mortality <5 per 1000 births and infant mortality 3.7 per 1000 live births). Altogether, 138 infants had RRD and 120 (87%) of these had either a known syndrome or multiple major anomalies. The proportion of perinatal deaths in RRD group was 29% (40/138) and infant deaths 35% (43/123). Fifty-one children had CBS in upper limbs. Fifteen of these (29%) had other major anomalies associated with constriction rings. The number of hospital admissions per year of children with congenital upper limb defects was 11-fold and the time spent in hospital 13-fold as compared with the general paediatric population. Conclusions: Birth prevalence of congenital upper limb defects was 5.5 per 10 000 births and 5.2 per 10 000 live births. RRD was especially associated with other major anomalies and high mortality. Nearly one third of the children with CBS also had other major anomalies suggesting different aetiologies inside the group. The annual burden of hospital care of children with congenital upper limb defects was at least 11-fold as compared with the general paediatric population.