A follow-up study of characteristics of young people that dropout and continue psychotherapy: service implications for a clinic in the community

Background: The paper reports the findings from a follow-up study of the factors that contribute to whether young people dropout or continue once-weekly psychotherapy at a voluntary sector psychotherapy service for young people aged 12 to 21 years. Method: The study uses data from an ongoing audit of the psychotherapy service that started in 1993; 882 young people were included in the study. Premature termination of treatment was defined as dropping out before the 21st session. Continuation in treatment was defined as remaining in therapy after 20 sessions. Measures and areas of interest used in the study include diagnostic measures, the Youth Self Report Form and Young Adult Self Report Form, demographic characteristics and treatment related information. Results: Young people who continued in treatment were more likely to be older, have anxieties about sexual and relationship issues and have higher scores on self-reported anxiety-depression. Young people who dropped out of treatment were more likely to be younger, have higher self-reported delinquency scores, have a diagnosis of hyperactivity-conduct disorder and be homeless. Conclusions: The study of treatment termination has demonstrated the value of service audit and has led to a significant change in clinical practice.

CAUC: orientações preventivas e corretivas acerca da regularidade dos municípios

O objetivo deste trabalho é orientar o gestor municipal, através de medidas preventivas e corretivas, no cumprimento dos requisitos fiscais elencados pelo Serviço Auxiliar de Informações para Transferências Voluntárias - CAUC, promovendo assim, a adimplência do Município e, consequentemente, a possibilidade de captação de recursos federais por transferências voluntárias. Desta forma, primeiramente, é realizada uma breve contextualização do tema, destacando sua relevância e as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos municípios no momento atual. No referencial teórico, a definição dos tipos de transferências de recursos, com destaque para as transferências voluntárias, a definição de convênios e a apresentação do CAUC, seus requisitos e funcionalidades, bem como a metodologia adotada no trabalho. Neste trabalho é apresentada pesquisa realizada no período de 2010 a 2013, com os municípios do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, apontando os requisitos recorrentes no CAUC que geram inadimplência e os principais aspectos observados. A partir dos dados coletados são elencadas medidas de caráter preventivo e corretivo, as principais ações e tipos de monitoramento, com o intuito de auxiliar os municípios na compreensão e no cumprimento das exigências.

Repercussões sociais da violência contra crianças e adolescentes: deliqüência

This research is responsible for the investigation and problematization of the violence production process in children and teenagers through deviant behaviour, especially the drug s use and traffic, given that the deviant behaviour named juvenile criminality is something built and that can t be disassociated from the social and institutional relations that are ideological and violent, as well as the construction of, social and individual, positive identities can become important instruments for the process of democratization and the effective juvenile citizenship. In relation to the teorical referential, the work was developed from readings beyond the social science camp, without getting far from it, searching for support in other scientific camps and making your bases on Manuel Castells formulations about the power of the identity, and on Nancy Fraser and Axel Honneth in relation to the recognition struggle. In the empiric field, the discourses and graphic representations from twenty four children and teenagers that attend a social project were privileged, and compared to those shown at the documentary and the book Falcão Meninos do Tráfico produced by MV Bill, in relation to the social profile and life trajectory. From the study subjects' perspective, the data suggest that the children and the teenagers conceive violence as a natural thing, either as victims or persecutors. However, the research shows that, despite the subjects of the two studied groups reveled in your discourses the influence of the violent relations in their daily lives, the subjects got recognition during the process of identity construction by the groups with which they maintained the sense of belonging, either it being the family, the community or the school, they were positively influenced and established a positive representation of themselves and didn t show any deviant and violent tendency or behaviour. Therefore, we demonstrate the role of the school for an education for peace, as well as the participation of the family, the community and the stimulation of the juvenile protagonism as transforming practices, capable of awaking the citizenship and avoiding the construction of people that reproduce deviant and violent behaviour

Surface dental enamel lead levels and antisocial behavior in Brazilian adolescents

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Famílias privadas de liberdade: a saga da violência vivenciada por adolescentes que trilham os áridos caminhos da criminalidade

This paper has as its main focus the relation between the infringement act and the adolescents families social economical problematic, who obey the social educational deprivation of freedom at CEDUC in the district of Pitimbu RN, establishing in the theme Children and Adolescents, with the objective of showing how these families breed in the social economical and cultural political aspect. It also seizes who those adolescents are and their family members in their social aspect and as those families face their daily activities. The focus on the social matter, family, adolescent, infringement act, exclusion, inclusion formed the analysis categories which made myths and reality possible, taking into consideration the infringement act in our society. The data collection showed that those families conditions of life are of poverty. Families originated from low social classes, 62.5 % coming from the countryside and living with a daily income ranging from R$ 0,31 to R$ 8,31. Their level of education is low; there is lack of human and citizenship rights and no professional qualification whatsoever. It questions the degrading social exclusion suffered by millions of Brazilian people due to social, political and infringement economical problems. Has this favored the infringement practice? How to confirm the families lack of competence having the social vulnerability? Are the Public Political Institutions really performing the way they should? Are they really carrying out their role as they should? We have noticed that from then on, the necessity of understanding the exclusion/inclusion suffered not only in an imprecise and empty way, but understood as processes of integrative exclusion or ways of delinquency, where the excluding is not only the only one who has lack of material care but the one who is seen or recognized as a person, is not being treated as one. The effort of this paper provided an approach to our object, and the seizing of a close relation between the infringement act and the exclusion process or inclusion suffered, which are submitted to families of those adolescents who deprive of freedom

Developmental lead exposure induces depressive-like behavior in female rats

The involvement of neurotoxicants in the etiology of emotional pathologies is becoming an issue in neurotoxicology. Lead (Pb) exposure during childhood has been associated with increased impulsivity, aggressivity, and delinquency. Considering the paucity of experimental studies investigating the involvement of developmental Pb exposure in emotional disorders, our objective was to investigate whether Pb exposure during pregnancy and/or lactation could be related to depressive symptoms in adult male and female rats. Wistar dams received 10 mg of Pb, as Pb acetate, or 13.4 mg of Na acetate, by gavage, daily, during pregnancy and lactation. By cross-fostering at the time of birth, pups were either exposed to Ph or Na acetate during pregnancy only, lactation only, or during both pregnancy and lactation. At 70 days of age, animals were submitted to the open-field test followed by the forced swimming test. Ph levels were measured in the blood of dams (weaning) and pups (after behavioral evaluation). The results demonstrated that exposure to Ph during both pregnancy and lactation induced, in males, an increased emotionality state detected in the open-field test, and in females, depressive-like behavior detected in the forced swimming test. These alterations were observed at residual blood Pb levels (i.e., around 5 mug/dL).

Prevention or repression? The false dilemma of citizen security

Includes bibliography

Obrigações político-criminais do Estado frente à criminalidade econômica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Contribuições da análise do comportamento na avaliação e no tratamento de crianças com transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade

Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) é um fenômeno estudado em diversos países, composto de sintomas de desatenção, imperatividade e impulsividade, ocorre na infância podendo persistir até a idade adulta. Este transtorno causa prejuízos nas áreas acadêmicas, sociais e ocupacionais, reduz a auto-estima, pode evoluir para delinqüência, uso de drogas e álcool, gera estresse nas famílias, tem alto custo financeiro e impacto social. O diagnóstico é feito com base em critérios clínicos adotados pelo DSM IV e o tratamento indicado combina farmacoterapia e psicoterapia. Considerando-se que TDAH é um transtorno de desenvolvimento de autocontrole e que estudos sugerem que autocontrole pode ser adquirido em condições de treino, torna-se relevante a realização de pesquisas aplicadas utilizando princípios da análise do comportamento, para minimizar prejuízos e contribuir para melhoria de qualidade de vida de portadores de TDAH. Este estudo objetivou verificar a eficácia do uso de esquemas de reforçamento diferencial de outro comportamento (DRO) e de atraso de reforço na instalação e/ ou aumento de comportamentos de autocontrole em um menino de 9 anos diagnosticado com TDAH, que faz uso de medicamento. O participante foi exposto ao procedimento de treino de autocontrole, realizou tarefas, durante as quais, caso se comportasse como combinado, recebia reforço. Ao final de cada sessão, trocava os reforços por brinquedos e poderia escolher reservá-los para obter reforços de maior valor. O procedimento foi dividido em sete etapas: (1) entrevista com a neuropediatra; (2) análise do prontuário e convocação; (3) entrevista inicial com responsáveis; (4) visita à escola e entrevista com professores; (5) sessões de observação direta (linha de base, habituação às regras, instalação, manutenção, fading e avaliação da estabilidade); (6) followp-up; e (7) encerramento. Realizaram-se 18 sessões de observação direta, gravadas em vídeo e transcritas para a elaboração de um sistema de categorias de comportamentos para análise. Os resultados foram analisados por meio da comparação entre relatos de entrevistas, resultados de instrumentos padronizados e categorias de comportamentos observados. Identificou-se que os comportamentos de autocontrole do participante se ampliaram e generalizaram para outros contextos, durante as sessões e em domicílio, conforme os relatos dos pais e da professora da escola atual, e registro de observação direta da terapeuta-pesquisadora. Verificou-se que a utilização de esquema de reforçamento DRO com disponibilidade limitada pode favorecer o aumento de comportamentos de autocontrole e generalizações em crianças com TDAH.

Agressividade e o adolescente em conflito com a lei: um estudo psicanalítico

A presente dissertação de mestrado trata-se de uma pesquisa teórica fundamentada na psicanálise e na psicopatologia fundamental e propõe um estudo sobre agressividade e o adolescente em conflito com a lei. Primeiramente demonstra-se como a agressividade é constitutiva da subjetividade, ou seja, existe em todos os sujeitos humanos, tomando como base a análise feita por Freud em o Mal-estar na civilização (1930); posteriormente estuda-se a agressividade em Winnicott (2002) o qual também afirma ser esta constitutiva da subjetividade e enfatiza a importância de se compreender este conceito em sua relação com a tendência anti-social e a delinquência. Em seguida, apresenta-se uma reflexão sobre a conduta anti-social e a delinquência onde se destaca o pensamento de Vilhena (2002) que diferencia agressividade e violência ao mesmo tempo em que articula os conceitos de de-privação com aspectos da contemporaneidade, destacando que a família é o lugar do suporte para o adolescente que transgride as leis sociais, assim como a falência dos papéis parentais deve ser levada em consideração no estudo da agressividade, tendência anti-social e delinquência. Por fim apresenta-se a teoria de Marta Gerez-Ambertín (2004) sobre o "sujeito do ato" Para a autora o sujeito deve ter um comprometimento subjetivo com seus atos através de seu discurso. Trabalha-se com a hipótese de que os adolescentes em conflito com a lei tentam encontrar respostas a seus conflitos e desejos inconscientes. Outrossim, ao adolescente em conflito com a lei, deve-se oferecer a possibilidade de falar sobre seu ato e assumir as responsabilidades por sua conduta.

Errância no contemporâneo: um estudo sobre a percepção de dirigentes e profissionais de instituições assistenciais em relação a andarilhos de estrada

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

„Abgeschoben in die Marginalität“ - Eine empirische Untersuchung zur problematischen Eingliederung der wegen Straffälligkeit aus Deutschland abgeschobenen türkischen Staatsangehörigen in der türkischen Gesellschaft

Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt anhand von Einzelfällen, welche Probleme und Folgen eine Ausweisung und/oder Abschiebung von kriminell gewordenen Angehörigen der sogenannten zweiten Generation türkischer Staatsangehöriger im Hinblick auf deren Eingliederung in die türkische Gesellschaft mit sich bringt.rnDem Bereich der Ausweisung und/oder Abschiebung – beides Formen von Zwangsmigration – ausländischer Staatsangehöriger in ihr Herkunftsland wurde bislang im weiten Feld der Integrationsforschung kaum Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. Nicht anders verhält es sich in der politischen und öffentlichen Diskussion, wenn es um die „Entfernung“ kriminell gewordener Ausländer, die mitunter in Deutschland geboren und aufgewachsen sind oder sich bereits viele Jahre in der Bundesrepublik aufhalten, aus dem Bundesgebiet geht. Bei dieser Diskussion wird zwar die Bestrafung kriminell gewordener Ausländer mittels Ausweisung und/oder Abschiebung vorschnell befürwortet, besonders in solch spektakulären Fällen, wie in dem des Jugendlichen Muhlis Arı, genannt „Mehmet“ oder in dem des als „Münchner U-Bahn Schläger“ bekannt gewordenen Serkan. Die weitreichenden Folgen für den Einzelnen werden in der Regel jedoch nicht tiefergehend betrachtet.rnDeshalb steht im Zentrum dieser Arbeit die Frage, wie sich die Eingliederung von in Deutschland geborenen und hier aufgewachsenen Nachkommen der „Gastarbeiter“-Generation sowie später nachgeholter Kinder im Anschluss an eine Ausweisung und/oder Abschiebung in die türkische Gesellschaft gestaltet. Die theoretische Grundlage der Untersuchung bilden vier theoretische Konzepte zu Integration, Fremdheit und Marginalität. Dabei handelt es sich um die „Integrationstheorie“ von Hartmut Esser, das Konzept des „bleibenden Fremden“ von Georg Simmel, das des „einwandernden Fremden“ von Alfred Schütz sowie um das Konzept des „marginal man“ von Robert E. Park. Auf Basis dieser vier theoretischen Konzepte und der Auswertung des erhobenen empirischen Datenmaterials wird deutlich, dass hohe soziale Barrieren auf Seiten der Mitglieder der türkischen Aufnahmegesellschaft, mangelnde integrationsförderliche Opportunitäten, aber auch eine geringe Motivation auf Seiten der Betroffenen zur Aufnahme integrationsförderlicher Handlungen eine Integration verhindern. Die von Ausweisung und/oder Abschiebung Betroffenen sind letztlich dazu gezwungen, dauerhaft ein Leben am Rande der Gesellschaft in der Marginalität zu führen.rn

Neurophysiological correlates of delinquent behaviour in adult subjects with ADHD

The attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) shows an increased prevalence in arrested offenders compared to the normal population. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether ADHD symptoms are a major risk factor for criminal behaviour, or whether further deficits, mainly abnormalities in emotion-processing, have to be considered as important additional factors that promote delinquency in the presence of ADHD symptomatology. Event related potentials (ERPs) of 13 non-delinquent and 13 delinquent subjects with ADHD and 13 controls were compared using a modified visual Go/Nogo continuous performance task (VCPT) and a newly developed version of the visual CPT that additionally requires emotional evaluation (ECPT). ERPs were analyzed regarding their topographies and Global Field Power (GFP). Offenders with ADHD differed from non-delinquent subjects with ADHD in the ERPs representing higher-order visual processing of objects and faces (N170) and facial affect (P200), and in late monitoring and evaluative functions (LPC) of behavioural response inhibition. Concerning neural activity thought to reflect the allocation of neural resources and cognitive processing capability (P300 Go), response inhibition (P300 Nogo), and attention/expectancy (CNV), deviances were observable in both ADHD groups and may thus be attributed to ADHD rather than to delinquency. In conclusion, ADHD symptomatology may be a risk factor for delinquency, since some neural information processing deficits found in ADHD seemed to be even more pronounced in offenders with ADHD. However, our results suggest additional risk factors consisting of deviant higher-order visual processing, especially of facial affect, as well as abnormalities in monitoring and evaluative functions of response inhibition.

Videogames and Aggression in Teenagers

Victor Sazonov (Russia). Video Games and Aggression in Teenagers. Mr. Sazonov works as a psychologist at the Obninsk Linguistic College and worked on this research from July 1996 to June 1997. Mr. Sazonov conducted a survey of 200 tenth and eleventh graders in Moscow (94 boys and 106 girls), in which they were asked to estimate the total amount of time they spent playing video games each week and which games were the most popular. Aggression was also assessed using two measures, the first dealing with manifest physical aggression and the second with aggressive behavioural delinquency. The data collected showed that 62% of teenagers spend at least one hour a week playing video games, with 10% spending over seven hours on them. Girls tended to play less than boys (1.6 and 2.8 hours on average respectively). Eight of the ten most popular games require the player to perform acts of a violent nature. Boys also scored higher on the index of aggressive behavioural delinquency, with a mean of 7.0 compared to 4.6 for girls. The results of the correlation analysis between time spent playing video games and measures of aggression were mixed. No relation was found between manifest physical aggression and time spent on the games, although in the case of aggressive behavioural delinquency the link was significant, which seems to indicate that aggressive teenagers spend more time playing video games. While the lack of significant correlations between violent games and aggression suggest that video games may not in fact be as great a menace as their critics suggest, Mr. Sazonov admits that these findings may be influenced by the high number of teenagers who do not play games at all or play relatively little. He also suggests that the abstract nature of the violence in games (often directed against aliens or spaceships) may make it less of a risk than the more realistic violence seen on television. In summary, however, he concludes that his results provide more support for the theories saying that violent video games provide a stimulus to violent action, than for those which suggest that they may help defuse violent tendencies.