Arc Root Motion In An Argon-Hydrogen Dc Plasma Torch

Arc root motion on the anode surface of a dc non-transferred plasma torch was observed. Adding hydrogen changes the arc root attachment from a diffused type to a constricted type, and the arc root of Ar-H-2 plasma suddenly,jumps from one spot to another irregularly. Images of the arc root motions taken by a high-speed video camera are presented.

Regeneración natural del madroño (Calycophyllum candidissimum (Vahl) DC) en el bosque tropical seco de Chacocente, Nicaragua

El objetivo de este estudio fue estudiar la densidad de la regeneración natural de brinzales y latizales del Madroño ( Calycophyllum candisissimum ) en un periodo de tiempo y analizar el patrón de distribución espacial en relación con la pendiente del terreno y la exposición a la luz solar. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el refugio de Vida Silvestre de Chacocente localizado en la costa del Pacifico de Nicaragua. Se realizó un inventario forestal durante los años 2001, 2002 y 2003 y todos los individuos con alturas mayores de 10 cm y diámetro menores de 5 cm a la altura del pecho fueron inventariados. Los cambios en densidad de población de brinzales y latizales para C. candisissimum fueron positivos indicando una continua regeneración natural de la especie. La densidad de población de brinzales y latizales varió con respecto a la pendiente y la exposición a la luz solar resultando en un patrón de distribución agregado.

Regeneración natural del madroño (Calycophyllum candidissimum (Vahl) DC) en el bosque tropical seco de Chacocente, Nicaragua

El objetivo de este estudio fue estudiar la densidad de la regeneración natural de brinzales y latizales del Madroño ( Calycophyllum candisissimum ) en un periodo de tiempo y analizar el patrón de distribución espacial en relación con la pendiente del terreno y la exposición a la luz solar. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el refugio de Vida Silvestre de Chacocente localizado en la costa del Pacifico de Nicaragua. Se realizó un inventario forestal durante los años 2001, 2002 y 2003 y todos los individuos con alturas mayores de 10 cm y diámetro menores de 5 cm a la altura del pecho fueron inventariados. Los cambios en densidad de población de brinzales y latizales para C. candisissimum fueron positivos indicando una continua regeneración natural de la especie. La densidad de población de brinzales y latizales varió con respecto a la pendiente y la exposición a la luz solar resultando en un patrón de distribución agregado.

Comparative observation of Ar, Ar-H-2 and Ar-N-2 DC arc plasma jets and their arc root behaviour at reduced pressure

Results observed experimentally are presented, about the DC arc plasma jets and their arc-root behaviour generated at reduced gas pressure without or with an applied magnetic field. Pure argon, argon-hydrogen or argon- nitrogen mixture was used as the plasma-forming gas. A specially designed copper mirror was used for a better observation of the arc-root behaviour on the anode surface of the DC non-transferred arc plasma torch. It was found that in the cases without an applied magnetic field, the laminar plasma jets were stable and approximately axisymmetrical. The arc-root attachment on the anode surface was completely diffusive when argon was used as the plasma-forming gas, while the arc-root attachment often became constrictive when hydrogen or nitrogen was added into the argon. As an external magnetic field was applied, the arc root tended to rotate along the anode surface of the non-transferred arc plasma torch.

Comparative Observation of DC Arc Plasma Jets and Their Arc Root Behaviors at Reduced Pressure

Experimentally observed, results are presented for the DCarcplasmajets and theirarc-rootbehaviors generated atreduced gas pressure and without or with an' applied magnetic field. Pure argon, argon -hydrogen or argon-nitrogen mixture is used as the plasma-forming gas. A specially designed copper mirror is constructed and used for better observing the arc-root behavior on the anode surface of the DC non-transferred arcplasma torch. It is shown that for the cases without applied magnetic field, the laminar plasmajets are stable and approximately axisymmetrical. The arc-root attachment on the anode surface is completely diffusive when argon is used as the plasma-forming gas, while the arc-root attachment often becomes constrictive when hydrogen or nitrogen is added into the argon. When an external magnetic field is applied, the arcroot tends to rotate along the anode surface of the non-transferred arcplasma torch.

Modeling of a Laminar DC Arc Plasma Torch

In recent years, stable and long laminarplasma jets have been successfully generated, and thus it is possible to achieve low-noise working surroundings, better process repeatability and controllability, and reduced metal-oxidation degree in plasma materials processing. With such a recent development in thermal plasma science and technology as the main research background, modeling studies are performed concerning the DCarcplasmatorch for generating the long laminar argon plasma jet. Two different two-dimensional modeling approaches are employed to deal with the arc-root attachment at the anode surface. The first approach is based on circumferentially uniform arc-root attachment, while the second uses the so-called fictitious anode method. Modeling results show that the highest temperature and maximum axial-velocity at the plasmatorch exit are ～15000 K and ～1100 m/s, respectively, for the case with arc current of 160 A and argon flow rate of 1.95×10{sup}(-4)kg/s.

A complex systems modelling approach for decentralized simulation of electrical microgrids

ICECCS 2010

DC dielectrophoretic focusing of particles in a serpentine microchannel

Focusing particles into a tight stream is usually a necessary step prior to separating and sorting them. We present herein a proof-of-concept experiment of a novel particle focusing technique in DC electrokinetic flow through a planar serpentine microchannel. This focusing stems from the cross-stream dielectrophoretic motion induced within the channel turns. The observed particle focusing behavior is consistent with the predicted particle trajectories from a numerical modeling.

Fluctuation characteristics of arc voltage and jet flow in a non-transferred dc plasma generated at reduced pressure

A torch with a set of inter-electrode inserts between the cathode and the anode/nozzle with a wide nozzle exit was designed to generate plasma jets at chamber pressures of 500–10 000 Pa. The variation of the arc voltage was examined with the change in working parameters such as gas flow rate and chamber pressure. The fluctuation in the arc voltage was recorded with an oscilloscope, and the plasma jet fluctuation near the torch exit was observed with a high-speed video camera and detected with a double-electrostatic probe. Results show that the 300 Hz wave originated from the tri-phase rectified power supply was always detected under all generating conditions. Helmholtz oscillations over 3000 Hz was detected superposed on the 300 Hz wave at gas flow rates higher than 8.8 slm with a peak to valley amplitude lower than 5% of the average voltage value. No appreciable voltage fluctuation caused by the irregular arc root movement is detected, and mechanisms for the arc voltage and jet flow fluctuations are discussed.