PEIBF en la frontera Laguarão-Brasil/Rio Branco-Uruguay

El gobierno de Brasil viene realizando acciones para calificar la enseñanza en todos los niveles educativos del país, bien como estrechar relaciones con los países integrantes del MERCOSUR. En este escenario, se encuentra el Proyecto Escuela Intercultural Bilingüe de Frontera (PEIBF), del cual trataremos en este trabajo. El objetivo es hacer un relato descriptivo, preliminar, de la estructura observada en este proyecto en la región Jaguarao-Brasil/Rio Branco-Uruguay desde su surgimiento hasta los días actuales, bien como conocer la visión de los sujetos involucrados en este proceso. Discutiremos aun, algunos conceptos que fueron fundamentales para la comprensión del proyecto, tales como bilingüismo y frontera, basándonos en los documentos oficiales que contribuyeron para su consecución

PEIBF en la frontera Laguarão-Brasil/Rio Branco-Uruguay

El gobierno de Brasil viene realizando acciones para calificar la enseñanza en todos los niveles educativos del país, bien como estrechar relaciones con los países integrantes del MERCOSUR. En este escenario, se encuentra el Proyecto Escuela Intercultural Bilingüe de Frontera (PEIBF), del cual trataremos en este trabajo. El objetivo es hacer un relato descriptivo, preliminar, de la estructura observada en este proyecto en la región Jaguarao-Brasil/Rio Branco-Uruguay desde su surgimiento hasta los días actuales, bien como conocer la visión de los sujetos involucrados en este proceso. Discutiremos aun, algunos conceptos que fueron fundamentales para la comprensión del proyecto, tales como bilingüismo y frontera, basándonos en los documentos oficiales que contribuyeron para su consecución

PEIBF en la frontera Laguarão-Brasil/Rio Branco-Uruguay

El gobierno de Brasil viene realizando acciones para calificar la enseñanza en todos los niveles educativos del país, bien como estrechar relaciones con los países integrantes del MERCOSUR. En este escenario, se encuentra el Proyecto Escuela Intercultural Bilingüe de Frontera (PEIBF), del cual trataremos en este trabajo. El objetivo es hacer un relato descriptivo, preliminar, de la estructura observada en este proyecto en la región Jaguarao-Brasil/Rio Branco-Uruguay desde su surgimiento hasta los días actuales, bien como conocer la visión de los sujetos involucrados en este proceso. Discutiremos aun, algunos conceptos que fueron fundamentales para la comprensión del proyecto, tales como bilingüismo y frontera, basándonos en los documentos oficiales que contribuyeron para su consecución

Crime, pena e sociedade no Brasil pré-republicano

Inclui bibliografia

Descrição do ciclo gametogênico do ouriço-branco, Tripneustes ventricosus (Lamarck, 1816), no Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha PE, Brasil

Sea urchins are common benthic organisms on coastal ecosystems of tropical and temperate shallow waters. The impact of sea urchins populations in shore communities is density-dependent, and therefore, knowledge of the life history of these animals is important to understand these interactions. Between 2000 and 2005 a population boom of Tripneustes ventricosus was observed in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. In 2004 a research program was started to monitor the population dynamics of T. ventricosus in the archipelago, when it noted a lack of basic information on the biology and reproduction of this species, despite its broad geographic distribution and economic importance in parts of its occurrence. In this context, this work focuses on the reproductive biology of T. ventricosus with emphasis on the description of the gametogenic stages. Between December 2006 and July 2007, ten urchins were collected by snorkeling in two sites of the archipelago, totaling 120 individuals. Gametogenic stages were described for both sexes through microscopic analysis, and were defined as: Recovery, Growing, Premature, Mature and Spawning. Results showed increasing in Gonad index throughout of months of sampling and suggest that the reproductive cycle of the species in the archipelago is annual

Descrição do ciclo gametogênico do ouriço-branco, Tripneustes ventricosus (Lamarck, 1816), no Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha PE, Brasil

Sea urchins are common benthic organisms on coastal ecosystems of tropical and temperate shallow waters. The impact of sea urchins populations in shore communities is density-dependent, and therefore, knowledge of the life history of these animals is important to understand these interactions. Between 2000 and 2005 a population boom of Tripneustes ventricosus was observed in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. In 2004 a research program was started to monitor the population dynamics of T. ventricosus in the archipelago, when it noted a lack of basic information on the biology and reproduction of this species, despite its broad geographic distribution and economic importance in parts of its occurrence. In this context, this work focuses on the reproductive biology of T. ventricosus with emphasis on the description of the gametogenic stages. Between December 2006 and July 2007, ten urchins were collected by snorkeling in two sites of the archipelago, totaling 120 individuals. Gametogenic stages were described for both sexes through microscopic analysis, and were defined as: Recovery, Growing, Premature, Mature and Spawning. Results showed increasing in Gonad index throughout of months of sampling and suggest that the reproductive cycle of the species in the archipelago is annual

Decline in homicide rates in Sao Paulo, Brasil: a descriptive analysis

Objective. To describe homicide mortality in the municipality of Sao Paulo according to type of weapon, sex, race or skin color, age, and areas of socioeconomic inequalities, between 1996 and 2008. Method. For this ecological time-series study, data about deaths in the municipality of Sao Paulo were collected from the municipal program for improvement of mortality information, using International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) codes. Homicide mortality rates (HMR) were calculated for the overall population and specifically for each sex, race or skin color, age range, type of weapon, and occurrence in social deprivation/affluence areas. HMR were adjusted for age using the direct method. The percentage age of variation in HMR was calculated for the study period. For areas of socioeconomic inequalities, the relative risk of death from homicide was calculated. Results. HMR fell 73.7% between 2001 and 2008. A reduction in HMR was observed in all groups, especially males (-74.5%), young men between 15 and 24 years of age (-78.0%), and residents in areas of extreme socioeconomic deprivation (-79.3%). The reduction occurred mostly in firearm homicide rates (-74.1%). The relative risk of death from homicide in areas of extreme socioeconomic deprivation, as compared to areas with some degree of socioeconomic deprivation, was 2.77 in 1996, 3.9 in 2001, and 2.13 in 2008. In areas of high socioeconomic deprivation, the relative risk was 2.07 in 1996 and 1.96 in 2008. Conclusions. To understand the reduction in homicide rates in the municipality of Sao Paulo, it is important to take into consideration macrodeterminants that affect the entire municipality and all population subgroups, as well as micro/local determinants that have special impact on homicides committed with firearms and on subgroups such as the young, males, and residents of areas of high socioeconomic deprivation.