Diurnal variations of non-structural carbohydrates in vegetative tissues of Melinis minutiflora, Echinolaena inflexa and Lolium multiflorum (Poaceae)

Echinolaena inflexa (Poir.) Chase is a native C3 grass species with high biomass production and abundance in the cerrado comparable to Melinis minutiflora Beauv., a C4 forage grass of African origin, widespread in the cerrado, displacing some native herbaceous species. These species accumulate mainly starch, differently of Lolium multiflorum Lam. ssp. italicum Beck cv. Lema (ryegrass), a C3 temperate forage grass that accumulates fructans as the major storage carbohydrate in the vegetative tissues. In the present study, we analyzed diurnal variations in the content and composition of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in the aerial vegetative parts of the three species. Results showed similarity in water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and starch contents between Melinis minutiflora and Echinolaena inflexa, with the exotic grass accumulating higher amounts of NSC. However, the levels of sucrose, glucose and fructose were 10 fold higher in Lolium multiflorum, that accumulates fructan as the main storage carbohydrate. Although the contents of WSC and starch were similar in the tropical species E. inflexa and M. minutiflora, their diurnal variations were different and could be related to starch metabolism, especially in M. minutiflora.

Effect of the establishment of dominance relationships on cortisol and other metabolic parameters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of the establishment of dominance relationships and social stress on plasma cortisol and metabolite levels in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). During the 30-day experiment, the fish weighing 236 ± 29 g were kept in individual aquaria, except for two pairings lasting 6 h each. Blood samples were taken from the animals before and after pairing. Display, approach, attack, rebuff, chase flight, and coloration were carried out on days 16 and 30. Activities and behaviors characteristic of the establishment of dominance relationships were described. It was possible to classify all experimental fish (N = 30) as dominant or subordinate. No differences were detected between dominant (N = 15) and subordinate (N = 15) fish during isolation or after pairing in cortisol (isolated: 5.76 ± 0.98 vs 5.42 ± 0.63; paired: 10.94 ± 1.62 vs 11.21 ± 2.45 µg/dl), glucose (isolated: 60.02 ± 4.9 vs 67.85 ± 16.16; paired: 110.44 ± 15.72 vs 136.26 ± 22.46 mg/dl), triglyceride (isolated: 167.87 ± 5.06 vs 185.68 ± 7.24; paired: 210.85 ± 13.40 vs 221.82 ± 12.70 mg/dl) or total protein levels (isolated: 7.01 ± 0.42 vs 6.69 ± 0.59; paired: 9.21 ± 0.62 vs 9.51 ± 0.66 g/dl). However, when isolated (N = 30) and paired (N = 30) tilapia were compared, there were significant differences in cortisol and metabolite levels. The similar response presented by dominant and subordinate tilapia indicates that establishment of dominance relationships was a stressor for both groups.

Kysynnän ennusteprosessi elintarvikealan pk-yrityksissä

Kysynnän ennustaminen on aina ollut suuri ongelma toimitusketjun hallinnassa. Useat päätösprosessit, kuten varastonhallinta, tuotekehitys, tuotanto ja toimitusketjun suunnittelu vaativat ennustamista, jonka tarkka määrittäminen on kuitenkin erittäin hankalaa. Kysynnän ennustaminen on kirjallisuudessa laajasti tutkittu aihealue, mutta sen tutkimukset rajoittuvat suuressa määriin erilaisten ennustemenetelmien vertailemiseen ja ennustevirheiden tutkimiseen. (Chase 1997; Kahn 1998; Makridakis ja Wheelwright 1998; Goodwin ja Fildes 1999) Ennustemenetelmien käyttö ja mahdolliset ennustevirheet ovat kuitenkin seurausta sarjasta peräkkäisiä toimenpiteitä eli prosessista. Siksi onkin paljon mielenkiintoisempaa tutkia kokonaisvaltaisesti koko sitä prosessia, joka ennustamiseen yhdistetään, kuin pelkkiä ennustemenetelmiä tai niiden käytön seurauksena havaittuja virheitä. Tässä tutkimuksessa kartoitetaan viiden elintarvikealalle erikoistuneen pk-yrityksen ennusteprosesseja, joita verrataan keskenään sekä Mentzerin, Bienstockin ja Kahnin (1999) tekemään tutkimukseen ”Benchmarking Sales Forecasting Management”. Tutkimusongelman voidaan katsoa olevan ”millainen on pk-yritysten ennusteprosessi ja mitkä asiat selittävät mahdollisia eroja kohdeyritysten ennusteprosesseissa?”. Tämä tutkimus hyödyntää laadullista tutkimusotetta ja on tarkoitukseltaan kartoittava. Empiirinen aineisto kerättiin teemahaastatteluiden avulla ja haastateltavina toimivat viiden kohdeyritysten toimitusjohtajat. Tämän tutkimuksen aineiston analyysissä on hyödynnetty aineiston ryhmittelyä teemoiksi ja pyritty löytämään samankaltaisuuksia ja eroavaisuuksia kohdeyritysten välille. Tutkimuksen tuloksena havaittiin, että elintarvikealan pk-yritysten ennusteprosessi on hyvin yksinkertainen. Tämän voidaan nähdä selittyvän kohdeyritysten tyytyväisyydellä omaa ennusteprosessia kohtaan, mikä estää prosessin kriittisen tarkastelun ja sitä kautta kehittämisen. Voidaan myös nähdä, että tietämättömyys, inertia ja resurssien rajallisuus estävät ennusteprosessien kehittämisen kohdeyrityksissä. Kohdeyritysten ennusteprosessit olivat hyvin samanlaisia keskenään ja merkittävimmät erot selittyvät, kun tarkastellaan toimialojen luonteiden eroja.

Recueil de copies de pièces.

Contient : 1 « Pouvoir [donné par FRANÇOIS II] à messieurs de Sipierre et de Carnavalet, de gouverneurs generaux des personnes de messeigneurs les ducs d'Orleans, d'Engoulesme et d'Anjou, freres du roy et superintendans de leur maison... Donné à Moustiers sur Saulx, le quatriesme jour d'octobre mille cinq cents cinquante neuf » ; 2 « Epistola VIDI FABRI PIBRACII ad Carolum, Lotharingium cardinalem, 1559 ». En latin ; 3 « Vita Caroli noni, Galliae regis » ; 4 « Lettre du roy [CHARLES IX] au parlement, pour deputer deux presidens pour se trouver en l'hostel episcopal de Paris pour assister en une assemblée qui s'y debvoit tenir, et lever la contention entre le prevost de Paris et le prevost des marchands... 1561 » ; 5 « Memoires de monsieur l'evesque de Limoges... SEBASTIEN DE LAUBESPINE,... ambassadeur pour le roy en Espagne. 1 octobre 1561 » ; 6 « Lettre de LOUYS DE BOURBON, prince DE CONDE, au roy de Navarre... D'Orleans, ce XIIIe jour de juin 1562 » ; 7 « Lettre de... LOUYS DE BOURBON,... à la royne... Escrit à Orleans, ce XIIIe jour de juin 1562 » ; 8 « Advertissement sur l'execution de l'edict par lequel l'année doit commencer le 1 janvier 1563 » ; 9 « Remonstrance au roy par les Estats de France », pour s'« opposer à la tyrannie de ceux de Guise » ; 10 « Vente du temporel des ecclesiastiques, edict du roy CHARLES [IX], donné à Sainct Germain en Laye, ou moys de may, l'an de grace mille cinq cents soixante trois » ; 11 « Lettre de RENEE DE FRANCE à Jean Calvin. Escrite à Montargis, le 21 mars 1563 » ; 12 « Partage que le connestable de Montmorency entend estre gardé par ses enfans en la succession de ses terres et seigneuries, et autres biens. A Paris, 21 janvier 1563 ». Suivi de la ratification dudit partage, donnée par les héritiers du connétable « au chastel de Chantilly, le huictieme jour de juin mille cinq cents soixante huict » ; 13 « Bulla sanctissimi domini PII???, divina providentia papae IV, super forma juramenti professionis fidei... Datum Romae, apud Sanctum Petrum, anno Incarnationis dominicae millesimo quingentesimo sexagesimo quarto, idibus novembris » ; 14 « Fausseté de deux gentilshommes normands??? contre un conseiller du parlement de Rouen. Mars??? 1564 » ; 15 « Deputez de par le roy [Charles IX] pour la conference de Calais avec la royne d'Angleterre, l'an 1565 » ; 16 « L'Histoire du diable de Laon. De Laon, ce 8 febvrier 1565 » ; 17 « Arrest d'innocence de monsieur l'admiral de Chastillon de la mort de monsieur de Guise. 29 janvier 1566 » ; 18 « Serment faict par le roy, la royne, messieurs les ducs d'Anjou et d'Alençon, et autres princes, seigneurs et mareschaux de France, d'observer et faire observer les articles de la paix, l'an 1570, 5 aoust » ; 19 « Passeport du roy pour madame l'admirale... 1571, 24 septembre » ; 20 « Conclusion du procureur general BOURDIN contre monsieur le cardinal de Chastillon, environ l'an 1566 » ; 21 « Remonstrance au roy et à son conseil, par monsieur le cardinal DE LORRAINE, l'an 1566, 12 janvier » ; 22 « Propos fascheux tenus au conseil, entre le cardinal de Lorraine et le chancelier de L'Hospital, l'an 1566 » ; 23 « Narré??? de ce qui se passa au conseil du roy tenu à Moulins, entre le cardinal de Lorraine et le chancelier de L'Hospital, l'an 1566, mars » ; 24 « Lettre du sieur DE FORQUEVAUX, ambassadeur du roy en Espagne, l'an 1566, 4 aoust » ; 25 « Lettres patentes du roy... CHARLES [IX]... touchant le procureur general de la royne, sa mere, et ses droicts et prerogatives, et que tous les officiers des terres de l'assignat de ladicte dame s'intituleront officiers du roy et de ladicte dame. A S. Germain, 25 may 1566 » ; 26 « Arrest de la cour de parlement, touchant les prerogatives du procureur general de la royne, mere du roy. Du mercredy 24 juillet 1566 » ; 27 « Autre Arrest de ladicte cour touchant ledict procureur general de la royne. Du vendredy XVI aoust 1566 » ; 28 « Traicté faict par le roy CHARLES IX avec Jean des Galans, Sr de Pezeroles, qui promettoit audit seigneur roy de transmuer tous metaux imparfaicts en fin or et argent. 5 novembre 1567 » ; 29 Octroi au roi Charles IX par la cour de parlement des « deniers des consignations... Du mardy 30 et dernier septembre 1567 » ; 30 Lettres patentes du roi « CHARLES » IX, ordonnant remise au commis à la trésorerie de l'Épargne, « maistre Pierre Defite », de tous les « deniers consignez en tous et chase???uns les greffes de la ville de Paris et autres jurisdictions quelsconques, tant royales que subalternes... Donné à Paris, le vingt neufe jour de septembre, l'an de grace mille cinq cents soixante sept » ; 31 « Lettres patentes par lesquelles le roy CHARLES IX institue son frere, le duc d'Anjou, son lieutenant general representant sa personne par tout son royaume. 12 novembre 1567 » ; 32 « Serment des associez de la ligue chrestienne et royale, l'an 1568, le 25 juin » ; 33 « Arrest de la cour du jeudy XVI novembre 1570 », en suite des lettres par lesquelles « le roy descharge les villages d'autour [la] ville » de « Paris pour autant qu'il se verra qu'ils auront esté rançonnez par les soldats de sa garde qui ont logé auxdicts villages, l'an 1570 » ; 34 « Harangue du roy CHARLES IX, faicte à sa cour de parlement, [le] 12 mars 1571 », touchant « la reformation des abus qui se commettent » dans l'administration de la justice ; 35 « Brevet du roy CHARLES IX pour le rang de monsieur le duc de Longueville ». 5 avril 1571 ; 36 « Confirmation dudict brevet du roy, par monsieur le duc d'Anjou, frere dudict seigneur roy. 16 octobre 1575 » ; 37 « Lettres patentes du roy CHARLES IX, pour le rang de duc de Longueville,... Duretal, decembre 1571 » ; 38 « Lettre du roy à Mr de Ferrals, son ambassadeur pres le pape, du 19 janvier 1572 » ; 39 « Extraict d'une lettre du roy [CHARLES IX] au sieur de Ferrals, du 7 febvrier 1572 » ; 40 « Memoire baillé à monsieur le legat Alexandrin, retournant à Rome », touchant principalement « le droict de nomination » du roi « sur les benefices consistoriaux estans es provinces de son royaume, que l'on pretend estre en obedience et non specifiés dans les concordats d'entre le St siege apostolique et Sadicte Majesté... Febvrier 1572 » ; 41 « Lettre du roy [CHARLES IX] à monsieur de Ferrals, du dernier juillet 1572 » ; 42 « Lettre du roy [CHARLES IX] à monseigneur le cardinal de Lorraine. Dernier juillet 1572 » ; 43 « Lettre du roy [CHARLES IX] à monseigneur de Ferrals. Du 24 aoust 1572 » ; 44 « Instruction pour le Sr de Beauvillé, allant vers Sa Sainteté. Du 24 aoust 1572 » ; 45 « Lettre de la royne JEANNE D'ALBRET, escrite au feu roy Henry IVe, son fils. A Blois, le 8 mars 1572 » ; 46 « Lettre du roy [CHARLES IX] à monsieur de Schombert, son ambassadeur pres des princes Alemans, touchant la mort de l'admiral de Chastillon, l'an 1572 » ; 47 « Lettre au roy, touchant le refus de l'electeur de Saxe d'entrer en ligue avec Sa Majesté, à cause de la journée de Saint Barthelemy. Ratenaw, 9 octobre 1572 » ; 48 « Lettre à monsieur Brulart sur le mesme subjet de la precedente. Dudict lieu de Ratenaw, le 10 octobre 1572 » ; 49 « Lettre à monsieur de Limoges. Du mesme lieu de Ratenaw, 1572 » ; 50 « Arrest rendu par la cour de parlement de Dole, au comté de Bourgongne, contre Gilles Garnier, natif de Lion, attaint et convaincu d'avoir, soubs la forme de loup garou, estranglé plusieurs enfans... 18 janvier 1573 » ; 51 « Lettre du roy [CHARLES IX] à monsieur de Schomberg, en Alemagne, touchant l'eslection de son frere, le duc d'Anjou,??? pour roy de Polongne, 17 mars 1573 » ; 52 « Autre Lettre du roy [CHARLES IX] audict sieur de Schomberg, son ambassadeur pres les princes d'Alemagne. Du 21 apvril 1573 » ; 53 « Extraict de la lettre que la roine mere a escrit audict sieur de Schomberg. Dudict jour, XXIe apvril 1573 » ; 54 « Lettres patentes du roy CHARLES IX, en faveur du roy de Polongne, son frere, pour succeder à la couronne de France, quoyqu'absent, lors du decez dudict roy Charles sans enfans masles, le 10 septembre 1573 » ; 55 « Coppie du brevet dudict roy CHARLES, en faveur d'iceluy roy de Polongne. A Paris, le 22 d'aoust 1573 »

Men's Volleyball Team (1981-82)

From left to right: H. T. Lillies (Coach), Rudolph Ambacher, Bill Hadfield, Michel Thibodeau, Bill Haines, Larry Plummer, Bill Smale, and Kelvin Oda (Manager). Absent: Gordon McNeice, Tom Dagg, Hong Wey Kang, Darrel Murphey, Darren Cannell, Ian Shackel, John Bernie.

Second Welland Canal - Book 1, Survey Map 14 - St. Catharines and Lock 5

Survey map of the Second Welland Canal created by the Welland Canal Company showing the Canal along the eastern edge of the Town of St. Catharines. Identified structures associated with the Canal include Lock 5 and the towing path. The surveyors' measurements and notes can be seen in red and black ink and pencil. Local area landmarks are also identified and include bridges, streets, and roads (ex. Queenston Street, St. Catharines Macdamized Road and Suspension Bridge), a Pond, a number of unnamed bridges, Stinson's Distillery, and R. Collier's Saw Mill. Properties and property owners of note are: Concession 6 Lots 14 and 15, R. Collier, W. Gillespie, Orson Phelps, W. Chase, M. Bryant, John Soper, Winsor Chace, John Berryman, John Boyle, J. Madigan, B. F. Reynolds, W. Smaill, F. Stinson, G. Ward and Mrs. Soper.

Letter - American soldier's account of battles at Chippewa, Lundy's Lane and Fort Erie, 1814

Transcript (original grammar and spelling retained): My dear wife I take this time to inform you that I am well hoping that these few lines will Reach you and find you the same I shall in form you of all our Battles that we have had sence I left home we crossed in to Canada the 2 day of July and took fort Erie on the 3 day of July without loss of one man. We then marched down to Chipway eighteen miles below the Fort Erie we got there on the forth day and had our first battle on the 5 day our loss was not jistly known But the inemy loss was double to ours. The 6 day we started with the 2 Brigade to make a bridge a crost the crick two miles a bove the fort in Building the Bridge the inemy Brought up their Canon and playd upon us with their artiliery a bout two hours We drove them from the fort our loss was none the inemy loss was nineteen ciled dead on the ground we then marched to Queenston when we got thare our inemy had fledfrom the fort we then remained thair to Queenston ten days then we marched down to Fort George But that caurdly Chaney did not a rive with the fleet so we had to return back to Queenston thare was a bout six hundred militia formed on the heights of land thay fired up on us from their pickets and retreated to the mane body our flankers ciled and wounded and took about twenty before they got to the Maine body we then marched up the hill they gave us two firs but did not damage and then retreated from the field we stayed there one knight and then marched to Chipway and stayed there one night and the next day just as the sun set the first Brigade marched up in order to give them Battle a bout two miles from the Crick and began the Battle the 2 Brigade has to March up to the Niagara path and ingaged them we charged up on their artlery and took all their Canon Miller commanded the four companys that charged....the battles lasted three hours and forty minutes our loss was about 8 hundred cild and wounded our inemies loss was a bout fourteen hundred cild and wounded the next morning we Marched up in order to give them Battle a gin but thay was afraid to ingage us we then marched to Fort Erie and went to fortiffing and made a strong place the inemy folered us up and Began to cananade and held it fifty three days thay a tacked the fort the fifteenth of august thay atacked a bout one hiour be fore day Light we saw them and Blue up our maggerzean & two hundred of our inemy our loss wasa bout forty cild and wounded and our inemy loss was a bout one thousand on the 7 Day of September we atacked them and took their batteries and Broke all their canon and drove them from the field our loss was a Bout two hundred cild and wounded our inemy loss was a Bout 8 hundred cild and wounded...we crossed in to Canada with five thousand and came out with fifteen hundred we then Marched to Sackett’s harbor....am well and harty for the present....a bout comming home it uncarting for there is not any....given this winter as yet But I shall try to Come home if I Can But if I Cant I want you should take good car of the Phiddness[?] I have not Received any Money as yet But soon as I do receive some I send some home. I want you should write to me as soon as you receive this and and how Much Stock you wintor I Received your Letter with Great pleasure I feel uneasy a bout you I am a frade that you are sick or dead this is from your husband Chase Clough

Gaining Insights About Water: The Value of Surveys in First Nations Communities to Inform Water Governance

Knowledge of how water is perceived, used and managed in a community is critical to the endeavour of water governance. Surveys of individuals residing in a community offer a valuable avenue to gain information about several of these aspects of water. This paper draws upon experiences in three First Nation communities to explore the values of surveys to illuminate water issues and inform water decision-making. Findings from experiences with surveys in Six Nations of the Grand River, Mississaugas of the New Credit, and Oneida First Nation of the Thames reveal rich information about how surveys can provide insights about: the connection of individuals to the land, water and their community; reasons for valuing water; perceptions of water quality and issues surrounding water-related advisories; and, degree of satisfaction with water management and governance at different scales. Community partners reflected upon the findings of the survey for their community. Dialogue was then broadened across the cases as the partners offer benefits and challenges associated with the survey. Community surveys offer an important tool in the resource managers’ toolbox to understand social perceptions of water and provide valuable insights that may assist in improving its governance.

Innovation and adaptation in the Ontario grape and wine industry: An integrated, transdisciplinary response to climate change

With scientific consensus supporting a 4oC increase in global mean temperature over the next century and increased frequency of severe weather events, adaptation to climate change is critical. Given the dynamic and complex nature of climate change, a transdisciplinary approach toward adaptation can create an environment that supports knowledge sharing and innovation, improving existing strategies and creating new ones. The Ontario wine industry provides a case study to illustrate the benefits of this approach. We describe the formation and work of the Ontario Grape and Wine Research Network within this context, and present some preliminary results to highlight the opportunities for innovation that will drive the successful adaption of the Ontario grape and wine industry.

Priming the Governance System for Climate Change Adaptation: The Application of a Social Ecological Inventory (SEI) to Engage Actors in Niagara, Canada

Adaptive systems of governance are increasingly gaining attention in respect to complex and uncertain social-ecological systems. Adaptive co-management is one strategy to make adaptive governance operational and holds promise with respect to community climate change adaptation as it facilitates participation and learning across scales and fosters adaptive capacity and resilience. Developing tools which hasten the realization of such approaches are growing in importance. This paper describes explores the Social Ecological Inventory (SEI) as a tool to 'prime' a regional climate change adaptation network. The SEI tool draws upon the social-ecological systems approach in which social and ecological systems are considered linked. SEIs bridge the gap between conventional stakeholder analysis and biological inventories and take place through a six phase process. A case study describes the results of applying an SEI to prime an adaptive governance network for climate change adaptation in the Niagara Region of Canada. Lessons learned from the case study are discussed and highlight how the SEI catalyzed the adaptive co-management process in the case. Future avenues for SEIs in relation to climate change adaptation emerge from this exploratory work and offer opportunities to inform research and adaptation planning.

Power, Contextual Intelligence and Leadership: Research Approaches for Understanding Participatory Community Climate Change Adaptation

Analysis of power in natural resources management is important as multiple stakeholders interact within complex, social-ecological systems. As a sub-set of these interactions, community climate change adaptation is increasingly using participatory processes to address issues of local concern. While some attention has been paid to power relations in this respect, e.g. evaluating international climate regimes or assessing vulnerability as part of integrated impact assessments, little attention has been paid to how a structured assessment of power could facilitate real adaptation and increase the potential for successful participatory processes. This paper surveys how the concept of power is currently being applied in natural resources management and links these ideas to agency and leadership for climate change adaptation. By exploring behavioural research on destructive leadership, a model is developed for informing participatory climate change adaptation. The working paper then concludes with a discussion of developing research questions in two specific areas - examining barriers to adaptation and mapping the evolution of specific participatory processes for climate change adaptation.

Resilience: An Annotated Bibliography

This annotated bibliography provides an account of the research that has been done on engineering resilience, ecological resilience, and social-ecological resilience. Undertaken as part of the WEPGN research project titled “Applying resilience analysis to a transboundary river system: Developing surrogates for institutions and governance”, this annotated bibliography investigates factors that lead to greater resilience, with a focus on institutions and governance. Citations for key scholarly publications related to three types of resilience – engineering, ecological, and social-ecological – are listed in the first three sections along with a brief summary of each work. The fourth and final section of the document provides additional resources on resilience.

Last Will and Testament - James Senior

Last Will and Testament of James Senior of Niagara Township leaving all his goods and chattels and part of Lot 94 in Niagara Township to his friend, Richard Woodruff, August 6, 1832. There are three names listed as witnesses, William Woodruff, Moses Chase and a third name.

Resilience in a Watershed Governance Context: A Primer

Watersheds are complex systems involving social, economic, and ecological dimensions that are constantly interacting and influencing each other, and governance of these systems involve a large and diverse cast of actors that add to the complexity and difficulty in deciding what is best for the watershed and people. Resilience thinking offers a way to understand and navigate the uncertainty, dynamics and complexity of watershed governance. This primer describes key ideas associated with resilience: more inclusive participation; building a shared understanding; inclusion of ecosystem services and functions in long-term planning; strong leadership; institutional and decision making flexibility; and, a decentralized system. This primer is an initial effort to translate the scholarly understanding of these key ideas and initiate a dialogue about their application in the context of watershed governance.

An ethnolinguistic study of the Yanesha’ (Amuesha) language and speech community in Peru’s Andean Amazon, and the traditional role of Ponapnora, a female rite of passage

Thesis written in co-mentorship with Richard Chase Smith Ph.D, of El Instituto del Bien Comun (IBC) in Peru. The attached file is a pdf created in Word. The pdf file serves to preserve the accuracy of the many linguistic symbols found in the text.