EVIV: An end-to-end verifiable Internet voting system

Traditionally, a country's electoral system requires the voter to vote at a specific day and place, which conflicts with the mobility usually seen in modern live styles. Thus, the widespread of Internet (mobile) broadband access can be seen as an opportunity to deal with this mobility problem, i.e. the adoption of an Internet voting system can make the live of voter's much more convenient; however, a widespread Internet voting systems adoption relies on the ability to develop trustworthy systems, i.e. systems that are verifiable and preserve the voter's privacy. Building such a system is still an open research problem. Our contribution is a new Internet voting system: EVIV, a highly sound End-to-end Verifiable Internet Voting system, which offers full voter's mobility and preserves the voter's privacy from the vote casting PC even if the voter votes from a public PC, such as a PC at a cybercafe or at a public library. Additionally, EVIV has private vote verification mechanisms, in which the voter just has to perform a simple match of two small strings (4-5 alphanumeric characters), that detect and protect against vote manipulations both at the insecure vote client platform and at the election server side. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sustentabilidade empresarial e sua contabilidade: relatórios divulgados em Portugal, via internet

O tema da Sustentabilidade Empresarial aqui analisado, está relacionado com as respectivas práticas contabilísticas e inerentes DF - Demonstrações Financeiras divulgadas pelas empresas. A nossa motivação por esta temática resulta de sentirmos uma crescente insatisfação, manifestada por diferentes utilizadores, porque a informação contida nas DF, em modelo tradicional, é considerada muito insuficientes face às novas e crescentes necessidades sociais. Então, o objectivo principal desta nossa investigação é recolher reflexões associadas ao tema, identificar as carências informativas dominantes e possíveis soluções de melhoria. Pela revisão da literatura específica confirmamos a existência de crescentes preocupações internacionais no âmbito desta insuficiência informativa, manifestadas por académicos e profissionais de diferentes origens. O relato do desempenho empresarial tende para utilizar informação mais qualificada com rigor, abrangência e fiabilidade. Tudo isso exige maior participação da contabilidade. É imperioso que as actuais DF sejam melhoradas e na falta de normativos específicos a solução proposta, actualmente mais dominante, é da GRI-Global Reporting Initiative. Esse relato, aplicável de modo voluntário, é designado pela GRI como Relatório de Sustentabilidade o qual tende a ser divulgado, cada vez, mais, por diferentes empresas nacionais e internacionais. Procuramos saber a situação actual desses Relatórios em Portugal, pela sua divulgação via Internet. Das 83 empresas seleccionadas concluímos: 22% das mesmas já o aplicam e em modelos que se aproximam das orientações da CRI; 50% das mesmas divulgam alguns conteúdos associados ao tema mas predomina a dispersão informativa e a forma descritiva, portanto não quantificada; os restantes 28% não divulgam qualquer informação deste âmbito; os valores e indicadores de desempenho constantes dos conteúdos relatados e com base contabilística são muito reduzidos; só alguns relatórios incluem certificação por empresas especializadas; destacamos as empresas do sector financeiro com melhores relatórios, atendendo à diversidade, fundamentação e extensão de conteúdos informativos divulgados. As empresas seleccionadas não constituem uma amostra significativa de todo o universo empresarial instalado em Portugal. Então, as nossas conclusões sobre elas não poderão ser extensivas a todo esse universo mas poderão representar as melhores práticas existentes em Portugal porque essas empresas são aderentes do fórum BCSD Portugal-Conselho Empresarial para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável e das orientações da GRI. Não obstante as limitações encontradas parece-nos que este trabalho poderá propiciar um contributo válido para académicos investiga-dores desta temática e profissionais que partilhem destas novas necessidades de informação empresarial.

Water quality issues in rivers, lakes and reservoirs in Asian countries: an approach to the problems and the methodologies

Water covers over 70% of the Earth's surface, and is vital for all known forms of life. But only 3% of the Earth's water is fresh water, and less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in rivers, lakes, reservoirs and the atmosphere. However, rivers and lakes are an important part of fresh surface water, amounting to about 89%. In this Master Thesis dissertation, the focus is on three types of water bodies – rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and their water quality issues in Asian countries. The surface water quality in a region is largely determined both by the natural processes such as climate or geographic conditions, and the anthropogenic influences such as industrial and agricultural activities or land use conversion. The quality of the water can be affected by pollutants discharge from a specific point through a sewer pipe and also by extensive drainage from agriculture/urban areas and within basin. Hence, water pollutant sources can be divided into two categories: Point source pollution and Non-point source (NPS) pollution. Seasonal variations in precipitation and surface run-off have a strong effect on river discharge and the concentration of pollutants in water bodies. For example, in the rainy season, heavy and persistent rain wash off the ground, the runoff flow increases and may contain various kinds of pollutants and, eventually, enters the water bodies. In some cases, especially in confined water bodies, the quality may be positive related with rainfall in the wet season, because this confined type of fresh water systems allows high dilution of pollutants, decreasing their possible impacts. During the dry season, the quality of water is largely related to industrialization and urbanization pollution. The aim of this study is to identify the most common water quality problems in Asian countries and to enumerate and analyze the methodologies used for assessment of water quality conditions of both rivers and confined water bodies (lakes and reservoirs). Based on the evaluation of a sample of 57 papers, dated between 2000 and 2012, it was found that over the past decade, the water quality of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs in developing countries is being degraded. Water pollution and destruction of aquatic ecosystems have caused massive damage to the functions and integrity of water resources. The most widespread NPS in Asian countries and those which have the greatest spatial impacts are urban runoff and agriculture. Locally, mine waste runoff and rice paddy are serious NPS problems. The most relevant point pollution sources are the effluents from factories, sewage treatment plant, and public or household facilities. It was found that the most used methodology was unquestionably the monitoring activity, used in 49 of analyzed studies, accounting for 86%. Sometimes, data from historical databases were used as well. It can be seen that taking samples from the water body and then carry on laboratory work (chemical analyses) is important because it can give an understanding of the water quality. 6 papers (11%) used a method that combined monitoring data and modeling. 6 papers (11%) just applied a model to estimate the quality of water. Modeling is a useful resource when there is limited budget since some models are of free download and use. In particular, several of used models come from the U.S.A, but they have their own purposes and features, meaning that a careful application of the models to other countries and a critical discussion of the results are crucial. 5 papers (9%) focus on a method combining monitoring data and statistical analysis. When there is a huge data matrix, the researchers need an efficient way of interpretation of the information which is provided by statistics. 3 papers (5%) used a method combining monitoring data, statistical analysis and modeling. These different methods are all valuable to evaluate the water quality. It was also found that the evaluation of water quality was made as well by using other types of sampling different than water itself, and they also provide useful information to understand the condition of the water body. These additional monitoring activities are: Air sampling, sediment sampling, phytoplankton sampling and aquatic animal tissues sampling. Despite considerable progress in developing and applying control regulations to point and NPS pollution, the pollution status of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs in Asian countries is not improving. In fact, this reflects the slow pace of investment in new infrastructure for pollution control and growing population pressures. Water laws or regulations and public involvement in enforcement can play a constructive and indispensable role in environmental protection. In the near future, in order to protect water from further contamination, rapid action is highly needed to control the various kinds of effluents in one region. Environmental remediation and treatment of industrial effluent and municipal wastewaters is essential. It is also important to prevent the direct input of agricultural and mine site runoff. Finally, stricter environmental regulation for water quality is required to support protection and management strategies. It would have been possible to get further information based in the 57 sample of papers. For instance, it would have been interesting to compare the level of concentrations of some pollutants in the diferente Asian countries. However the limit of three months duration for this study prevented further work to take place. In spite of this, the study objectives were achieved: the work provided an overview of the most relevant water quality problems in rivers, lakes and reservoirs in Asian countries, and also listed and analyzed the most common methodologies.

Vloguers brasileiros e portugueses: sobre o que vlogam as principais estrelas da internet

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Audiovisual e Multimédia.

Internet en la formación de traductores

Antes de la aparición de Internet, los profesionales de la traducción veían limitado su trabajo a una ardua labor de documentación, principalmente en soporte papel, que no siempre estaba a su alcance. Gracias al momento actual de auténtica revolución tecnológica de la información, el traductor se encuentra ante todo un abanico de posibilidades que le ofrece Internet, desde eficaces herramientas de traducción, que agilizan la tarea de documentación y reescritura, hasta la oportunidad de poder trabajar on-line o actualizar sus conocimientos gracias a la multitud de recursos y servicios que nos brinda la red de redes. Todas estas herramientas de traducción disponibles en Internet proporcionan múltiples ventajas evidentes. Muchas son de acceso gratuito, se caracterizan por su gran rapidez y por traspasar barreras geográficas y temporales, lo cual hace realidad el hecho de la aldea global, al menos en el mundo desarrollado. Por otro lado tanta rapidez y eficacia exige que desarrollemos tácticas para hacer acopio del gran volumen de información acumulada y que aprendamos técnicas para minimizar el tiempo de búsqueda. No obstante, todo esto exige un gran esfuerzo por nuestra parte. Además los sitios web son efímeros, desaparecen en relativamente poco tiempo o se crean otros nuevos cada minuto y su contenido varía constantemente. Por todo ello es importante ya no sólo conocer las herramientas, sino también saber cómo usarlas, dónde buscar posibles herramientas nuevas, cómo seleccionar la información desechando lo que no nos interesa o bien aprovechar la parte eficaz de estos útiles añadiendo información propia o combinando herramientas. El objetivo, pues, de este artículo es mostrar todos aquellos enlaces electrónicos que se encuentran en Internet y que facilitan en gran medida la labor del traductor, proporcionándole desde las herramientas de trabajo y de documentación para acometer su tarea, hasta la posibilidad de actualizar sus conocimientos e intercambiar opiniones con otros profesionales. Cabe señalar que este artículo no pretende ser un censo de todos los recursos útiles para el traductor, sino que ofrece una compilación comentada de aquellos más eficaces, completos y fiables, con la finalidad de reunirlos en un mismo documento de fácil acceso. Por otra parte, queremos apuntar que los enlaces aquí ofrecidos corresponden al ámbito de la traducción en la combinación inglés-español-gallego, por ser éstos nuestros campos de especialidad. Como conclusión, podríamos apuntar que pese a que en la red podemos encontrar ayudas importantes para la labor de traducción, corresponde al traductor humano maximizar la utilización de dichos recursos.

Os retalhistas nas redes sociais : perceção dos consumidores

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Económicas e Empresariais.

Tecnologia, economia e política: o telégrafo como antecessor da Internet

Na história da comunicação moderna, após o desenvolvimento da imprensa, o telégrafo desencadeou uma revolução nas comunicações da qual a Internet é a herdeira contemporânea. A reflexão sobre o telégrafo pode abrir perspectivas sobre as tendências, as possibilidades e os problemas colocados pela Internet. O telégrafo tem sido objecto de estudos que tendem a privilegiar sobretudo a história desta tecnologia, o contexto social e o seu significado institucional (ex. Thompson, 1947; Standage 2007 [1998]). James W. Carey, no seu ensaio “Technology and Ideology. The Case of the Telegraph”, propõe uma abordagem distinta. No telégrafo, vê o protótipo de muitos impérios comerciais de base científico-tecnológica que se lhe seguiram, um modelo pioneiro para a gestão de empresas complexas; um dos promotores da configuração nacional do mercado e de um sistema nacional de comunicações; e um catalisador de um pensamento futurista e utópico das tecnologias da informação. Tendo no horizonte a revolução das comunicações promovida pela Internet, o artigo revisita aquele ensaio seminal para explorar o alcance, mas também os problemas de uma perspectiva que concebe a inovação do telégrafo como uma metáfora para todas as inovações que anunciaram o período histórico da modernidade e que tem determinado até aos nossos dias as principais linhas de desenvolvimento das comunicações modernas.

Du télégraphe à internet: enjeux politiques liés aux technologies de l’information

Parmi les questions centrales portant sur les implications d’Internet, certaines présentent des points en commun avec celles qui ont vu le jour à l’époque du bouleversement dans les communications provoqué par l’apparition du télégraphe au XIXe siècle.

Monitorização via internet de processos industriais controlados com autómatos programáveis

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Supporting internet protocols in master-slave fieldbus networks

In this paper we describe how to integrate Internet Protocols (IP) into a typical hierarchical master-slave fieldbus network, supporting a logical ring token passing mechanism between master stations. The integration of the TCP/IP protocols in the fieldbus protocol rises a number of issues that must be addressed properly. In this paper we particularly address the issues related to the conveyance of IP fragments in fieldbus frames (fragmentation/de-fragmentation) and on how to support the symmetry inherent to the TCP/IP protocols in fieldbus slaves, which lack communication initiative.

Internet based VRS Code Positioning

Absolute positioning – the real time satellite based positioning technique that relies solely on global navigation satellite systems – lacks accuracy for several real time application domains. To provide increased positioning quality, ground or satellite based augmentation systems can be devised, depending on the extent of the area to cover. The underlying technique – multiple reference station differential positioning – can, in the case of ground systems, be further enhanced through the implementation of the virtual reference station concept. Our approach is a ground based system made of a small-sized network of three stations where the concept of virtual reference station was implemented. The stations provide code pseudorange corrections, which are combined using a measurement domain approach inversely proportional to the distance from source station to rover. All data links are established trough the Internet.

As potencialidades da internet no jornalismo digital: Jornal de Notícias vs Diário de Notícias

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Jornalismo.

Internet na educação: contributo para a construção de redes educativas com suporte computacional

Tese de doutoramento em Ciências da Educação

A vision of cyber-physical internet

When the Internet was born, the purpose was to interconnect computers to share digital data at large-scale. On the other hand, when embedded systems were born, the objective was to control system components under real-time constraints through sensing devices, typically at small to medium scales. With the great evolution of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT), the tendency is to enable ubiquitous and pervasive computing to control everything (physical processes and physical objects) anytime and at a large-scale. This new vision gave recently rise to the paradigm of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). In this position paper, we provide a realistic vision to the concept of the Cyber-Physical Internet (CPI), discuss its design requirements and present the limitations of the current networking abstractions to fulfill these requirements. We also debate whether it is more productive to adopt a system integration approach or a radical design approach for building large-scale CPS. Finally, we present a sample of realtime challenges that must be considered in the design of the Cyber-Physical Internet.

Sistemas de localização e de medida de distância na Internet – contribuição para a avaliação da sua integração com algoritmos P2P

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática