Combustion synthesis and properties of the NASICON family of materials

The fine-particle NASICON family of materials, MZr2P3O12(where M = Na, K, ½Ca and ¼Zr) and NbZrP3O12, have been prepared by the combustion of aqueous heterogeneous mixtures of stoichiometric amounts of metal nitrate, zirconyl nitrate, niobium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium perchlorate and carbohydrazide (CH) at 400 °C. The formation of NASICON materials was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), IR, solid-state (31P) NMR spectroscopy and thermal expansion coefficient measurements. The combustion-synthesized NASICON powders have an average agglomerate size of 9�13 µm with a specific surface area varying from 8 to 28 m2 g�1. The powders pelletized and sintered in the range 1100�1200 °C for 5 h achieved 95�97% theoretical density and showed fine-grain microstructure. The coefficient of thermal expansion of a sintered compact was measured up to 500 °C and ranged from �1.5 × 10�6°C�1 to 1.0 × 10�6°C�1 depending on the composition.

Theory of coexisting charge and spin-density waves in (TMTTF)(2)Br, (TMTSF)(2)PF6, and alpha-(BEDT-TTF)(2)MHg(SCN)(4)

Recent experiments indicate that the spin-density waves (SDWs) in (TMTTF)(2)Br, (TMTSF)(2)PF6, and alpha-(BEDT-TTF)(2)MHg(SCN)(4) are highly unconventional and coexist with charge-density waves (CDWs). We present a microscopic theory of this unusual CDW-SDW coexistence. A complete understanding requires the explicit inclusion of strong Coulomb interactions, lattice discreteness, the anisotropic two-dimensional nature of the lattice, and the correct hand filling within the starting Hamiltonian. [S0031-9007(99)08498-7].

Novel Mn-doped chalcopyrites

Heavily Mn-doped II-VI-V-2 semiconductors, such as CdGeP2 and ZnGeP2 have been prepared by depositing Mn on single crystalline substrate at nearly 400 T in an ultra high vacuum chamber. Well-defined ferromagnetic hysteresis with a saturation behavior appears in the magnetization curve up to above room temperature. The chemical states of the ZDGeP(2):Mn interface has been clarified by a careful in situ photoemission spectroscopy. The as-prepared surface consists of Ge-rich, metallic Mn compound. In and below the sub-surface region, dilute divalent Mn species as precursors of the DMS phase exist. No MnP phase was observed at any stage of the depth profile. Theoretical band-calculation suggests that the system with vacancies (Cd, V-c, Mn)GeP2 or a non-stoichiometric (Cd, Ge, Mn)GeP2 are ferromagnetic and energetically stable although ferromagnetism is not stable in a stoichiometric compound (Cd, Mn)GeP2. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Anomalous X-ray scattering study of local structures in the superionic conducting glass (AgBr)0.4 (Ag2O)0.3 (GeO2)0.3

The local structural information in the near-neighbor region of superionic conducting glass (AgBr)0.4(Ag2O)0.3(GeO2)0.3 has been estimated from the anomalous X-ray scattering (AXS) measurements using Ge and Br K absorption edges. The possible atomic arrangements in the near-neighbor region of this glass were obtained by coupling the results with the least-squares variational method so as to reproduce two differential intensity profiles for Ge and Br as well as the ordinary scattering profile. The coordination number of oxygen around Ge is found to be 3.6 at a distance of 0.176 nm, suggesting the GeO4 tetrahedral unit as the probable structural entity in this glass. Moreover, the coordination number of Ag around Br is estimated as 6.3 at a distance of 0.284 nm, suggesting an arrangement similar to that in crystalline AgBr.

Room temperature magnetic quantum cellular automata

All computers process information electronically. A processing method based on magnetism is reported here, in which networks of interacting submicrometer magnetic dots are used to perform logic operations and propagate information at room temperature. The logic states are signaled by the magnetization direction of the single-domain magnetic dots; the dots couple to their nearest neighbors through magnetostatic interactions. Magnetic solitons carry information through the networks, and an applied oscillating magnetic field feeds energy into the system and serves as a clock. These networks offer a several thousandfold increase in integration density and a hundredfold reduction in power dissipation over current microelectronic technology.

Flow Characteristics of Non-Polar Organic Liquids with Small Molecules in a Microchannel

用去离子水及有机液体在内径约为25μm的石英圆管内进行了流量特性实验.液体分子量范围为18～160,动力黏性系数的范围为0.5～1 mPa.s.实验雷诺数范围为Re<8.所用有机液体为:四氯化碳、乙基苯及环己烷都是非极性液体,其分子结构尺度小于1 nm.实验结果表明,在定常层流条件下,圆管内的液体流量与两端压力差成正比,其压力-流量关系仍符合经典的Hagen-Poiseuille流动.这说明非极性小分子有机液体在本实验所用微米尺度管道中其流动规律仍符合连续介质假设.鉴于微尺度流动实验的特殊性,文中还介绍了微流动实验装置,分析了微尺度流动测量误差来源及提高测量精度的措施.

Nonlinear Analysis of Oscillatory Indentation in Elastic and Viscoelastic Solids

Determining the mechanical properties at micro- and nanometer length scales using nanoindentation or atomic force microscopy is important to many areas of science and engineering. Here we establish equations for obtaining storage and loss modulus from oscillatory indentations by performing a nonlinear analysis of conical and spherical indentation in elastic and viscoelastic solids. We show that, when the conical indenter is driven by a sinusoidal force, the square of displacement is a sinusoidal function of time, not the displacement itself, which is commonly assumed. Similar conclusions hold for spherical indentations. Well-known difficulties associated with measuring contact area and correcting thermal drift may be circumvented using the newly derived equations. These results may help improve methods of using oscillatory indentation for determining elastic and viscoelastic properties of solids.

Efecto de la distancia de siembra en el rendimiento de dos variedades de tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) burley

Durante el ciclo agrícola 1993-1994, en la localidad de Estelí, se realizó un experimento para determinar el efecto de tres distancias de siembra (0.51 m x 1.0 m, 0.56 m x 1.0 m y 0.61 m x 1.0 m) sobre los rendimientos en cantidad y calidad de dos variedades de tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Burley KY-17 y Burley TN-90. Se empleó un diseño experimental de Bloques al Azar con arreglo combinatorio bifactorial. Los resultados obtenidos no demostraron diferencias significativas en los rendimientos por unidad de área (kg/ha) ni de calidad entre las dos variedades de tabaco y las diferentes distancias de siembra estudiadas. Se logró determinar una relación directa entre el rendimiento en peso seco por unidad de área y el aumento de la densidad poblacional como producto de las distancias de siembra entre planta y planta. La mejor relación beneficio/costo se estableció con la interacción Burley TN-90 con estructura de siembra 0.51 m x 1.0 m.

Efecto de métodos mecánicos y químicos de control de malezas, sobre la dinámica de las malezas y el crecimiento y rendimiento del frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris) valoración económica

Durante la época de postrera de 1993, se realizó el siguiente estudio en la finca "San Diego" ubicada en el municipio de Santa Cruz, km. 59 1/2, carretera sur, Carazo. El objetivo fue determinar el efecto de formas de control de malezas mecánicas y químicas sobre la dinámica de las malezas y el crecimiento y rendimiento de frijol común. Los tratamiento con control mecánico evaluados fueron limpia periódica y control durante el período crítico y los tratamiento químicos incluyeron tratamiento pre-emergentes a base de metholachlor, pendimetalin y la combinación de ambos, y los tratamientos post-emergentes a base de Fluazifop-hutil, fomesafen y el tratamiento que incluye la combinación de ambos. Todos los herbicidas se aplicaron en la dosis recomendada comercialmente. Un tratamiento fue dejado enmalezado como parcela control. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la predominancia de las malezas en el tratamiento enmalezado fue de hoja ancha, sin embargo dicha predominancia estuvo influenciada por la especificidad de los herbicidas utilizados. La combinación de los herbicidas post-emergentes fluazifop-butil + fomesafen resulto ser el mejor tratamiento para el control de las malezas, ya que presenta la menor abundancia y biomasa de malezas. La aplicación del herbicida metholachlor resulto la mejor aplicación pre-emergente, sin embargo no es suficiente para reducir la competencia. El tratamiento de mejor rentabilidad es el control durante el período crítico, seguido del tratamiento post-emergente de fomesafen, con estos tratamientos se obtuvo la tasa de retorno marginal más aceptable.

Combining interest points and edges for content-based image retrieval

This paper presents a novel approach using combined features to retrieve images containing specific objects, scenes or buildings. The content of an image is characterized by two kinds of features: Harris-Laplace interest points described by the SIFT descriptor and edges described by the edge color histogram. Edges and corners contain the maximal amount of information necessary for image retrieval. The feature detection in this work is an integrated process: edges are detected directly based on the Harris function; Harris interest points are detected at several scales and Harris-Laplace interest points are found using the Laplace function. The combination of edges and interest points brings efficient feature detection and high recognition ratio to the image retrieval system. Experimental results show this system has good performance. © 2005 IEEE.

Competitive adsorption between bovine serum albumin and collagen observed by atomic force microscope

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the competitive adsorption between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and type I collagen on hydrophilic and hydrophobic silicon wafers. BSA showed a grain shape and the type I collagen displayed fibril-like molecules with relatively homogeneous height and width, characterized with clear twisting (helical formation). These AFM images illustrated that quite a lot of type I collagen appeared in the adsorption layer on hydrophilic surface in a competitive adsorption state, but the adsorption of BSA was more preponderant than that of type I collagen on hydrophobic silicon wafer surface. The experiments showed that the influence of BSA on type I collagen adsorption on hydrophilic surface was less than that on hydrophobic surface.

Alguns comentários sobre alterações da lei nº 10.267/01

Consultoria Legislativa - Área VI - Direito Agrário e Política Fundiária.

Fatores de risco de perda de documentos eletrônicos de caráter arquivístico em uma instituição pública : um estudo de caso na Câmara dos Deputados

Identifica os riscos de perda de documentos eletrônicos de caráter arquivístico em uma organização, tomando por base um estudo de caso na Câmara dos Deputados. Analisa as diversas origens desses riscos na instituição : visão estratégica do problema, monitoração e auditoria, treinamento, conservação e obsolescência tecnológica, políticas e responsabilidades, aspectos técnicos, administrativos e culturais, sistemas eletrônicos de gestão arquivística de documentos, conhecimento de normas e padrões.

激光点热源作用下动态微变形的数值模拟与校验

采用MSC．Marc非线性有限元软件，对试件在激光点热源作用下动态微变形过程进行了数值模拟。通过激光反射放大系统测量了试件在激光点热源作用下的动态微变形过程。模拟值与实测值的结果表明：热应力和相变应力的共同作用使得试件产生微变形，最终试件的变形方向取决于热应变和相变共同作用的结果，朝向激光束或背向激光束。比较实验值和模拟值，发现变形的最大值相近，变形过程却略有不同。考虑到激光点热源作用下有限厚度的试件内，温度场分布出现的反常效应，即内部的温度大于边界温度，提出采用波动理论修正经典的热传导计算模型，可望有效地提高模拟过程的计算精度。结论为进一步研究薄板激光弯曲的变形机理及变形过程莫定了基础。