Ode marítima: leitura de Álvaro de Campos

A presente dissertação é fruto da pesquisa de mestrado realizada sobre o poema Ode marítima, de Álvaro de Campos, heterônimo do poeta português Fernando Pessoa. O poema foi estudado à luz de considerações teóricas que pudessem sustentar o teor artístico do citado poema, para além de um posicionamento estritamente analítico. Em outras palavras, as contribuições teóricas de Walter Benjamin, Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, Theodor W. Adorno, entre outros, visa propocionar um discurso de pesquisa que seja poético, respeitando a manifestação literária em questão o poema. Nesse sentido, Ode marítima apresentou, ao longo da pesquisa, diferentes temas. Tais temas foram estudados, com o embasamento teórico referido, separadamente. São eles: Imaginação, Cais Absoluto, Sonho, Força e Infância. Para cada tema, um capítulo foi elaborado. Todos os temas pesquisados confluem para a apreensão da poética de Álvaro de Campos uma vez que Ode marítima é um poema singular e fundamental da obra poética do citado heterônimo. Desse modo, a pesquisa realizada não se limita à abordagem do citado poema, mas alcança demais poemas de Álvaro de Campos, de modo que se torna possível conjeturar acerca da poesia deste heterônimo. Partindo, portanto, de um poema, a pesquisa pretende poder dimensionar a obra de Álvaro de Campos, pontuando suas particularidades trazidas pela Ode marítima, mas tendo ciência de que trata-se de uma proposta entre tantas outras válidas e enriquecedoras.

Mídia, esporte e idolatria: o Jornal do Brasil e a representação dos atletas brasileiros nos jogos olímpicos

De maneira ampla, aborda-se nesta dissertação a representação do herói olímpico no Jornal do Brasil na segunda metade do século XX. A hipótese preliminar, seguindo a conclusão de Helal, Cabo e Marques (2009), é que, diferentemente das Copas do Mundo, nas Olimpíadas, os jornalistas esportivos se valeriam de um arcabouço textual distinto para descrever seus objetos de análise os esportes e os atletas e para construir histórias de vida. Enquanto os heróis oriundos do futebol seriam dotados de um talento natural e o treino ocuparia uma posição secundária nas narrativas vitoriosas, os heróis dos ditos esportes amadores alcançariam a glória por meio do esforço abnegado e da dedicação aos treinamentos. Por meio de uma análise das narrativas, tendo como corpus de investigação as edições do Caderno de Esportes do referido jornal ao longo das treze Olimpíadas da segunda metade do século XX de Helsinque-1952 à Sydney-2000 , verifica-se a validade dessa conjectura.

Ensino de História: entre análises e práticas em movimento

A aposta desta pesquisa é problematizar o ensino de História sob a perspectiva da invenção. Para tanto, utiliza-se o método da cartografia (PASSOS; KASTRUP; ESCÓSSIA, 2009) e a pesquisa intervenção (AGUIAR; ROCHA, 2007; LOURAU, 1993; PAULON, 2005). A ideia é colocar em análise práticas que envolvem o ensino de História, utilizando-se mapas e linhas forjadas por meio de oito cenas criadas no exercício docente de um professor.Conta-se também com importantes intercessores na composição deste trabalho, Foucault (2010), Rancière (2014; 2004) e DIAS (2011, 2012), entre outros, corroboram para movimentar o pensar que envolve as naturalizações pertinentes ao plano mapeado nesta dissertação. Há questões que movem estas páginas: como uma escrita imanente pode enunciar práticas que envolvem um ensino de História? Em que sentido um ato de ensino pode estar inscrito em um apriorismo utilitarista e capacitador? Quais são os cruzamentos existentes entre o ensinar História e a formação inventiva? Quais são as conversas que as cenas estabelecem entre o texto o as concepções pautadas na invenção? O mestre ignorante é um mestre inventivo? A noção do real pode emergir de uma outra noção que não seja binária ou dicotômica? Em que sentido a complexidade de um plano, em suas forças e atravessamentos incontáveis, podem auxiliar na análise de práticas concernentes à abordagem histórica em sala de aula? A preocupação aqui não é responder objetivamente estas perguntas; trata-se de forçar o pensamento a pensar. Mas pensar o quê? Talvez um outro possível, uma vereda talvez não muito usual para as conjecturas que envolvem o ensino de História. Contudo, vale salientar que não se encontra aqui um manual referencial para ajudar professores, longe disto, mas sim a narrativa de experiências forjadas entre a escola e esta pesquisa. Algo que pode vir a explicitar um novo campo visual e experiencial do ensinar História.

Human muscle spindles act as forward sensory models.

Modern theories of motor control incorporate forward models that combine sensory information and motor commands to predict future sensory states. Such models circumvent unavoidable neural delays associated with on-line feedback control. Here we show that signals in human muscle spindle afferents during unconstrained wrist and finger movements predict future kinematic states of their parent muscle. Specifically, we show that the discharges of type Ia afferents are best correlated with the velocity of length changes in their parent muscles approximately 100-160 ms in the future and that their discharges vary depending on motor sequences in a way that cannot be explained by the state of their parent muscle alone. We therefore conclude that muscle spindles can act as "forward sensory models": they are affected both by the current state of their parent muscle and by efferent (fusimotor) control, and their discharges represent future kinematic states. If this conjecture is correct, then sensorimotor learning implies learning how to control not only the skeletal muscles but also the fusimotor system.

Three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of autoignition in turbulent non-premixed flows with simple and complex chemistry

3D Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of autoignition in turbulent non-premixed flows between fuel and hotter air have been carried out using both 1-step and complex chemistry consisting of a 22 species n-heptane mechanism to investigate spontaneous ignition timing and location. The simple chemistry results showed that the previous findings from 2D DNS that ignition occurred at the most reactive mixture fraction (ξMR) and at small values of the conditional scalar dissipation rate (N|ξMR) are valid also for 3D turbulent mixing fields. Performing the same simulation many times with different realizations of the initial velocity field resulted in a very narrow statistical distribution of ignition delay time, consistent with a previous conjecture that the first appearance of ignition is correlated with the low-N content of the conditional probability density function of N. The simulations with complex chemistry for conditions outside the Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) regime show behaviour similar to the single-step chemistry simulations. However, in the NTC regime, the most reactive mixture fraction is very rich and ignition seems to occur at high values of scalar dissipation. Copyright © 2006 by ASME.

Adaptive diversification of bitter taste receptor genes in mammalian evolution

The diversity and evolution of bitter taste perception in mammals is not well understood. Recent discoveries of bitter taste receptor (T2R) genes provide an opportunity for a genetic approach to this question. We here report the identification of 10 and 30 putative T2R genes from the draft human and mouse genome sequences, respectively, in addition to the 23 and 6 previously known T2R genes from the two species. A phylogenetic analysis of the T2R genes suggests that they can be classified into three main groups, which are designated A, B, and C. Interestingly, while the one-to-one gene orthology between the human and mouse is common to group B and C genes, group A genes show a pattern of species- or lineage-specific duplication. It is possible that group B and C genes are necessary for detecting bitter tastants common to both humans and mice, whereas group A genes are used for species-specific bitter tastants. The analysis also reveals that phylogenetically closely related T2R genes are close in their chromosomal locations, demonstrating tandem gene duplication as the primary source of new T2Rs. For closely related paralogous genes, a rate of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution significantly higher than the rate of synonymous substitution was observed in the extracellular regions of T2Rs, which are presumably involved in tastant-binding. This suggests the role of positive selection in the diversification of newly duplicated T2R genes. Because many natural poisonous substances are bitter, we conjecture that the mammalian T2R genes are under diversifying selection for the ability to recognize a diverse array of poisons that the organisms may encounter in exploring new habitats and diets.

Local stability results for the collective behaviors of infinite populations of pulse-coupled oscillators

In this paper, we investigate the behavior of pulse-coupled integrate-and-fire oscillators. Because the stability analysis of finite populations is intricate, we investigate stability results in the approximation of infinite populations. In addition to recovering known stability results of finite populations, we also obtain new stability results for infinite populations. In particular, under a weak coupling assumption, we solve for the continuum model a conjecture still prevailing in the finite dimensional case. © 2011 IEEE.

When is a symmetric body-hinge structure isostatic?

A symmetry-extended mobility rule is formulated for body-hinge frameworks and used to derive necessary symmetry conditions for isostatic (statically and kinematically indeterminate) frameworks. Constructions for symmetric body-hinge frameworks with an isostatic scalar count are reported, and symmetry counts are used to examine these structures for hidden, symmetry-detectable mechanisms. Frameworks of this type may serve as examples for exploration of a symmetry extension of the (now proven) 'molecular conjecture'. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Enhanced near-infrared photoluminescence from isoelectronic luminescent centers in sulfur-implanted silicon with copper or silver coimplantation

Enhanced near-infrared photoluminescence (PL) from sulfur-related isoelectronic luminescent centers in silicon was observed from thermally quenched sulfur-implanted silicon in which additional copper or silver ions had been coimplanted. The PL from the sulfur and copper coimplanted silicon peaked between 70 and 100 K and persisted to 260 K. This result strongly supports the original conjecture from the optical detection of magnetic resonance studies that the strong PL from sulfur-doped silicon comes from S-Cu isoelectronic complexes [Frens , Phys. Rev. B 46, 12316 (1992); Mason , ibid. 58, 7007 (1998).]. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.

Light-induced changes in diphasic nanocrystalline silicon films and solar cells

A series of diphasic nanocrystalline silicon films and solar cells was prepared using different hydrogen dilution ratios of silane by very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (VHF-PECVD). It was observed that after light soaking the open circuit voltage (V-oc) of the diphasic solar cells increased, while that of amorphous silicon solar cells decreased. Raman scattering spectroscopy was performed on the series of diphasic silicon films before and after light soaking. It was found that after light soaking the nanostruclures in the diphasic nanocrystalline silicon films were changed. Both the grain sizes and grain volume fraction reduced, while the grain boundary components increased. These results provide experimental evidence for the conjecture that the light-induced increase in V-oc of the diphasic nanocrystalline solar cells might be induced by the changes in the nanostructure of the intrinsic layer. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Light-induced changes in diphasic nanocrystalline silicon films and solar cells

A series of diphasic nanocrystalline silicon films and solar cells was prepared using different hydrogen dilution ratios of silane by very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (VHF-PECVD). It was observed that after light soaking the open circuit voltage (V-oc) of the diphasic solar cells increased, while that of amorphous silicon solar cells decreased. Raman scattering spectroscopy was performed on the series of diphasic silicon films before and after light soaking. It was found that after light soaking the nanostruclures in the diphasic nanocrystalline silicon films were changed. Both the grain sizes and grain volume fraction reduced, while the grain boundary components increased. These results provide experimental evidence for the conjecture that the light-induced increase in V-oc of the diphasic nanocrystalline solar cells might be induced by the changes in the nanostructure of the intrinsic layer. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Energy and entropy radiated by a black hole embedded in a de Sitter braneworld

We study the Hawking radiation of a (4+n)-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole imbedded in space-time with a positive cosmological constant. The greybody and energy emission rates of scalars, fermions, bosons, and gravitons are calculated in the full range of energy. Valuable information on the dimensions and curvature of space-time is revealed. Furthermore, we investigate the entropy radiated and lost by black holes. We find their ratio near 1 in favor of the Bekenstein's conjecture.

Fast Perceptual Learning in Visual Hyperacuity

In many different spatial discrimination tasks, such as in determining the sign of the offset in a vernier stimulus, the human visual system exhibits hyperacuity-level performance by evaluating spatial relations with the precision of a fraction of a photoreceptor"s diameter. We propose that this impressive performance depends in part on a fast learning process that uses relatively few examples and occurs at an early processing stage in the visual pathway. We show that this hypothesis is plausible by demonstrating that it is possible to synthesize, from a small number of examples of a given task, a simple (HyperBF) network that attains the required performance level. We then verify with psychophysical experiments some of the key predictions of our conjecture. In particular, we show that fast timulus-specific learning indeed takes place in the human visual system and that this learning does not transfer between two slightly different hyperacuity tasks.

Double Jeopardy Without Parameters: Re-characterization in International Criminal Law

Olusanya, O. (2004). Double Jeopardy Without Parameters: Re-characterization in International Criminal Law. Series Supranational Criminal Law: Capita Selecta, volume 2. Antwerp: Intersentia. RAE2008

A Characterization of First-Order Definable Subsets on Classes of Finite Total Orders

We give an explicit and easy-to-verify characterization for subsets in finite total orders (infinitely many of them in general) to be uniformly definable by a first-order formula. From this characterization we derive immediately that Beth's definability theorem does not hold in any class of finite total orders, as well as that McColm's first conjecture is true for all classes of finite total orders. Another consequence is a natural 0-1 law for definable subsets on finite total orders expressed as a statement about the possible densities of first-order definable subsets.