How to name new chemical elements (IUPAC Recommendations 2016)

A procedure is proposed to name new chemical elements. After the discovery of a new element is established by the joint IUPAC-IUPAP Working Group, the discoverers are invited to propose a name and a symbol to the IUPAC Inorganic Chemistry Division. Elements can be named after a mythological concept, a mineral, a place or country, a property or a scientist. After examination and acceptance by the Inorganic Chemistry Division, the proposal follows the accepted IUPAC procedure and is then ratified by the Council of IUPAC. This document is a slightly amended version of the 2002 IUPAC Recommendations; the most important change is that the names of all new elements should have an ending that reflects and maintains historical and chemical consistency. This would be in general “-ium” for elements belonging to groups 1–16, i.e. including the f-block elements, “-ine” for elements of group 17 and “-on” for elements of group 18.

(Table 2) pH and concentrations of dissolved and particulate chemical elements in the mixing zone of the Yur'eva River water and the Okhotsk Sea water

Data on behavior of iron, manganese, nickel, copper, and zinc in the zone where acidic volcanic waters of the Yur'eva River (Paramushir Island, Kuril Islands) mix with sea water are presented. Distributions of dissolved and particulate forms of these elements indicate that the mixing zone acts as a pH-based geochemical barrier, at which almost all dissolved iron and smaller amounts of other metals are precipitated. When chemogenic particulate matter formed in the mixing zone enters the open ocean, it can sorb trace elements from sea water.

Zooplankton abundance and vertical fluxes of sedimentary matter and chemical elements in the White Sea from 15 to 24 June, 2000

A multidisciplinary oceanographic survey of the White Sea was carried out in the Gorlo Straight, Basin, and Kandalaksha Bay regions including estuaries of Niva, Kolvitza and Knyazhaya rivers. Hydrophysical study in the northern part of the Basin revealed long-lived step-like structures and inversions in vertical profiles of temperature and salinity, which formed due to tidal mixing of saline and cold Barents Sea waters and warmer White Sea waters in the Gorlo Straight. Biological studies revealed the main features of spatial distribution, as well as qualitative and quantitative composition of phyto- and zooplankton in all studied areas; tolerance of main zooplankton species to fresh water influence in estuaries was shown. Study of suspended matter in estuaries clearly demonstrated physicochemical transformations of material supplied by the rivers. Data on vertical particle flux in the deep part of the Kandalaksha Bay showed difference between the upper and near-bottom layers, which could result from sinking of spring phytoplankton bloom products and supply of terrigenic suspended matter from the nepheloid layer formed by tidal currents.