Light and temperature induce variations in the density and ultrastructure of the secretory spaces in the diesel-tree (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.-Leguminosae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Y(3940) as a mixed charmonium-molecule state

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito da vitamina C e triptofano no desempenho, comportamento e parâmetros de estresse de frangos de corte

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Qualidade do tomate 'Pitenza' com utilização da radiação ultravioleta (UV-C)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Qualidade do tomate ‘pitenza’ com utilização da radiação ultravioleta (UV-C)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

GEOMETRIC RELATIONS BETWEEN SPACES OF NUCLEAR OPERATORS AND SPACES OF COMPACT OPERATORS

We extend and provide a vector-valued version of some results of C. Samuel about the geometric relations between the spaces of nuclear operators N(E, F) and spaces of compact operators K(E, F), where E and F are Banach spaces C(K) of all continuous functions defined on the countable compact metric spaces K equipped with the supremum norm. First we continue Samuel's work by proving that N(C(K-1), C(K-2)) contains no subspace isomorphic to K(C(K-3), C(K-4)) whenever K-1, K-2, K-3 and K-4 are arbitrary infinite countable compact metric spaces. Then we show that it is relatively consistent with ZFC that the above result and the main results of Samuel can be extended to C(K-1, X), C(K-2,Y), C(K-3, X) and C(K-4, Y) spaces, where K-1, K-2, K-3 and K-4 are arbitrary infinite totally ordered compact spaces; X comprises certain Banach spaces such that X* are isomorphic to subspaces of l(1); and Y comprises arbitrary subspaces of l(p), with 1 < p < infinity. Our results cover the cases of some non-classical Banach spaces X constructed by Alspach, by Alspach and Benyamini, by Benyamini and Lindenstrauss, by Bourgain and Delbaen and also by Argyros and Haydon.

Structure and Ionic Conductivity in the Mixed-Network Former Chalcogenide Glass System [Na2S](2/3)[(B2S3)(x)(P2S5)(1-x)](1/3)

Glasses in the system [Na2S](2/3)[(B2S3)(x)(P2S5)(1-x)](1/3) (0.0 <= x <= 1.0) were prepared by the melt quenching technique, and their properties were characterized by thermal analysis and impedance spectroscopy. Their atomic-level structures were comprehensively characterized by Raman spectroscopy and B-11, P-31, and Na-23 high resolution solid state magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR techniques. P-31 MAS NMR peak assignments were made by the presence or absence of homonuclear indirect P-31-P-31 spin-spin interactions as detected using homonuclear J-resolved and refocused INADEQUATE techniques. The extent of B-S-P connectivity in the glassy network was quantified by P-31{B-11} and B-11{P-31} rotational echo double resonance spectroscopy. The results clearly illustrate that the network modifier alkali sulfide, Na2S, is not proportionally shared between the two network former components, B and P. Rather, the thiophosphate (P) component tends to attract a larger concentration of network modifier species than predicted by the bulk composition, and this results in the conversion of P2S74-, pyrothiophosphate, Na/P = 2:1, units into PS43-, orthothiophosphate, Na/P = 3:1, groups. Charge balance is maintained by increasing the net degree of polymerization of the thioborate (B) units through the formation of covalent bridging sulfur (BS) units, B S B. Detailed inspection of the B-11 MAS NMR spectra reveals that multiple thioborate units are formed, ranging from neutral BS3/2 groups all the way to the fully depolymerized orthothioborate (BS33-) species. On the basis of these results, a comprehensive and quantitative structural model is developed for these glasses, on the basis of which the compositional trends in the glass transition temperatures (T-g) and ionic conductivities can be rationalized. Up to x = 0.4, the dominant process can be described in a simplified way by the net reaction equation P-1 + B-1 reversible arrow P-0 + B-4, where the superscripts denote the number of BS atoms for the respective network former species. Above x = 0.4, all of the thiophosphate units are of the P-0 type and both pyro-(B-1) and orthothioborate (B-0) species make increasing contributions to the network structure with increasing x. In sharp contrast to the situation in sodium borophosphate glasses, four-coordinated thioborate species are generally less abundant and heteroatomic B-S-P linkages appear to not exist. On the basis of this structural information, compositional trends in the ionic conductivities are discussed in relation to the nature of the charge-compensating anionic species and the spatial distribution of the charge carriers.

Magnetic and optical investigation of 40SiO(2)center dot 30Na(2)O center dot 1Al(2)O(3)center dot(29-x) B2O3 center dot xFe(2)O(3) glass matrix

Samples of 40SiO(2)center dot 30Na(2)O center dot 1Al(2)O(3)center dot(29 - x)B2O3 center dot xFe(2)O(3) (mol%), with 0.0 <= x <= 17.5, were prepared by the fusion method and investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), optical absorption (OA) and Mossbauer spectroscopy (MS). The EPR spectra of the as-synthesized samples exhibit two well-defined EPR signals around g = 4.27 and g = 2.01 and a visible EPR shoulder around g = 6.4, assigned to isolated Fe3+ ion complexes (g = 4.27 and g = 6.4) and Fe3+-based clusters (g = 2.01). Analyses of both EPR line intensity and line width support the model picture of Fe3+-based clusters built in from two sources of isolated ions, namely Fe2+ and Fe3+; the ferrous ion being used to build in iron-based clusters at lower x-content (below about x = 2.5%) whereas the ferric ion is used to build in iron-based clusters at higher x-content (above about x = 2.5%). The presence of Fe2+ ions incorporated within the glass template is supported by OA data with a strong band around 1100 nm due to the spin-allowed E-5(g)-T-5(2g) transition in an octahedral coordination with oxygen. Additionally, Mossbauer data (isomer shift and quadrupole splitting) confirm incorporation of both Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions within the template, more likely in tetrahedral-like environments. We hypothesize that ferrous ions are incorporated within the glass template as FeO4 complex resulting from replacing silicon in non-bridging oxygen (SiO3O-) sites whereas ferric ions are incorporated as FeO4 complex resulting from replacing silicon in bridging-like oxygen silicate groups (SiO4). (C) 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Quantification of Short and Medium Range Order in Mixed Network Former Glasses of the System GeO2-NaPO3: A Combined NMR and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study

Glasses in the system xGeO(2)-(1-x)NaPO3 (0 <= x <= 0.50) were prepared by conventional melting quenching and characterized by thermal analysis, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) techniques. The deconvolution of the latter spectra was aided by homonuclear J-resolved and refocused INADEQUATE techniques. The combined analyses of P-31 MAS NMR and O-1s XPS lineshapes, taking charge and mass balance considerations into account, yield the detailed quantitative speciations of the phosphorus, germanium, and oxygen atoms and their respective connectivities. An internally consistent description is possible without invoking the formation of higher-coordinated germanium species in these glasses, in agreement with experimental evidence in the literature. The structure can be regarded, to a first approximation, as a network consisting of P-(2) and P-(3) tetrahedra linked via four-coordinate germanium. As implied by the appearance of P-(3) units, there is a moderate extent of network modifier sharing between phosphate and germanate network formers, as expressed by the formal melt reaction P-(2) + Ge-(4) -> P-(3) + Ge-(3). The equilibrium constant of this reaction is estimated as K = 0.52 +/- 0.11, indicating a preferential attraction of network modifier by the phosphorus component. These conclusions are qualitatively supported by Raman spectroscopy as well as P-31{Na-23} and P-31{Na-23} rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) NMR results. The combined interpretation of O-1s XPS and P-31 MAS NMR spectra shows further that there are clear deviations from a random connectivity scenario: heteroatomic P-O-Ge linkages are favored over homoatomic P-O-P and Ge-O-Ge linkages.

The peculiar isolated neutron star in the Carina Nebula Deep XMM-Newton and ESO-VLT observations of 2XMM J104608.7-594306

While fewer in number than the dominant rotation-powered radio pulsar population, peculiar classes of isolated neutron stars (INSs) which include magnetars, the ROSAT-discovered "Magnificent Seven" (M7), rotating radio transients (RRATs), and central compact objects in supernova remnants (CCOs) - represent a key element in understanding the neutron star phenomenology. We report the results of an observational campaign to study the properties of the source 2XMM J104608.7-594306, a newly discovered thermally emitting INS. The evolutionary state of the neutron star is investigated by means of deep dedicated observations obtained with the XMM-Newton Observatory, the ESO Very Large Telescope, as well as publicly available gamma-ray data from the Fermi Space Telescope and the AGILE Mission. The observations confirm previous expectations and reveal a unique type of object. The source, which is likely within the Carina Nebula (N-H = 2.6x10(21) cm(-2)), has a spectrum that is both thermal and soft, with kT(infinity) = 135 eV. Non-thermal (magnetospheric) emission is not detected down to 1% (3 sigma, 0.1-12 keV) of the source luminosity. Significant deviations (absorption features) from a simple blackbody model are identified in the spectrum of the source around energies 0.6 keV and 1.35 keV. While the former deviation is likely related to a local oxygen overabundance in the Carina Nebula, the latter can only be accounted for by an additional spectral component, which is modelled as a Gaussian line in absorption with EW = 91 eV and sigma = 0.14 keV (1 sigma). Furthermore, the optical counterpart is fainter than m(V) = 27 (2 sigma) and no gamma-ray emission is significantly detected by either the Fermi or AGILE missions. Very interestingly, while these characteristics are remarkably similar to those of the M7 or the only RRAT so far detected in X-rays, which all have spin periods of a few seconds, we found intriguing evidence of very rapid rotation, P = 18.6ms, at the 4 sigma confidence level. We interpret these new results in the light of the observed properties of the currently known neutron star population, in particular those of standard rotation-powered pulsars, recycled objects, and CCOs. We find that none of these scenarios can satisfactorily explain the collective properties of 2XMM J104608.7-594306, although it may be related to the still poorly known class of Galactic anti-magnetars. Future XMM-Newton data, granted for the next cycle of observations (AO11), will help us to improve our current observational interpretation of the source, enabling us to significantly constrain the rate of pulsar spin down.

The tangential variation of a localized flux-type eigenvalue problem

In this work the differentiability of the principal eigenvalue lambda = lambda(1)(Gamma) to the localized Steklov problem -Delta u + qu = 0 in Omega, partial derivative u/partial derivative nu = lambda chi(Gamma)(x)u on partial derivative Omega, where Gamma subset of partial derivative Omega is a smooth subdomain of partial derivative Omega and chi(Gamma) is its characteristic function relative to partial derivative Omega, is shown. As a key point, the flux subdomain Gamma is regarded here as the variable with respect to which such differentiation is performed. An explicit formula for the derivative of lambda(1) (Gamma) with respect to Gamma is obtained. The lack of regularity up to the boundary of the first derivative of the principal eigenfunctions is a further intrinsic feature of the problem. Therefore, the whole analysis must be done in the weak sense of H(1)(Omega). The study is of interest in mathematical models in morphogenesis. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lê–Greuel type formula for the Euler obstruction and applications

The Euler obstruction of a function f can be viewed as a generalization of the Milnor number for functions defined on singular spaces. In this work, using the Euler obstruction of a function, we establish several Lê–Greuel type formulas for germs f:(X,0)→(C,0) and g:(X,0)→(C,0). We give applications when g is a generic linear form and when f and g have isolated singularities.

Untersuchung von Nukleon-Nukleon Korrelationen mit Hilfe der Reaktion 16 O(e,e'pp) 14 C in super-paralleler Kinematik

Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde an derDrei-Spektrometer-Anlage des Beschleunigers MAMI das erstehochauflösende (e,e'pp)-Experiment in super-parallelerKinematik zur Untersuchung kurzreichweitiger Korrelationendurchgeführt. Mit der erzielten Energieauflösung in derAnregungsenergie des Restkerns von ?E_x ? 500 keVkonnten die einzelnen Endzustände der Reaktion¹⁶O(e,e'pp)¹⁴C gut voneinandergetrennt werden. Die Durchführung mehrerer Messungen mitunterschiedlichen Einstellungen der Hadronspektrometer hates ermöglicht, Verteilungen im fehlende Impuls für dieeinzelnen Endzustände von ¹⁴C im Bereich von -100MeV/c bis etwa 300 MeV/c anzugeben. Die apparativen Voraussetzungen für die Durchführung diesesExperimentes wurden durch den Aufbau und die Inbetriebnahmedes Spurdetektors von Spektrometer C im Rahmen dieser Arbeitgeschaffen. Der Detektor besteht aus vier Ebenen vonvertikalen Driftkammern mit einer sensitiven Fläche von(0.34 x 2.32) m². Die Ortsauflösung ist besserals 100 ?m, die Winkelauflösung besser als 0.3 mrad in dendispersiven Koordinaten des Spektrometers. Durch den Einsatzspezieller Programme zur Spurrekonstruktion könnenNachweiswahrscheinlichkeiten von nahezu 100 % erzieltwerden. Nach der Inbetriebnahme von Spektrometer C wurde im Rahmendieser Arbeit die erste Dreifach-Koinzidenz-Testmessung ander Drei-Spektrometer-Anlage vorbereitet und erfolgreichdurchgeführt, sowie die ersten Messungen zum³He(e,e'pp)n-Experiment begonnen. Das bestehendeWassertarget wurde in Betrieb genommen, an die speziellenErfordernisse des C-Experimentes angepaßt und dessenZuverlässigkeit verbessert. Die Ergebnisse des¹⁶O(e,e'pp)¹⁴C-Experimentes wurden mitzwei mikroskopischen Rechnungen, die von realistischenNukleon-Nukleon-Potentialen ausgehen, verglichen, denModellen der Pavia- und der Gent-Gruppe. Der Vergleich zeigtein recht gute Übereinstimmung zwischen Theorie undExperiment. Gerade die gute Beschreibung des Grundzustandesum p_m = 0 MeV/c gibt deutliche Hinweise aufkurzreichweitige Korrelationen im Grundzustand von¹⁶O. Die Untergrundprozesse, insbesondere dieAnregung der ?-Resonanz, werden von den Modellen gutbehandelt. Dies wird durch die sehr gute Beschreibung desÜberganges zum 1⁺ Zustandes bei E_x =11.3 MeV belegt, da dieser Übergang durch die Emission von³P Protonpaare dominiert wird. Bei derBeschreibung des Überganges zum ersten 2⁺ Zustandgibt es noch Diskrepanzen, die eine nicht ausreichendeBeschreibung dieses Überganges durch die theoretischenModelle andeuten.

Oxidierte Kohlenwasserstoffe in der oberen Troposphäre: Kinetische Untersuchungen zum Abbau und Einfluss auf HO x und Ozon-Chemie

Der erste Teil dieser Arbeit befasst sich mit der Kinetik der Reaktion des OH-Radikals mit Glykolaldehyd (HOCH2CHO). Die Geschwindigkeitskonstante k1 wurde für diese Reaktion temperaturabhängig bestimmt. Durch gepulste Photolyse wurden OH-Radikale erzeugt. Anschließend wurde die laserinduzierte Fluoreszenz der OH-Radikale bei 309 nm detektiert. Die ermittelte Geschwindigkeitskonstante k1 für die Reaktion von OH mit HOCH2CHO von (8,0 ± 0,8) x 10-12 cm3 Teilchen-1 s-1 erweist sich für den Temperaturbereich von 240 K < T < 362 K als temperaturunabhängig. Zwischen 60 und 250 Torr kann zudem keine Druckabhängigkeit für k1 beobachtet werden. Die unerwartet niedrigere Geschwindigkeitskonstante für die betrachtete Reaktion im Vergleich zur Reaktion von OH mit CH3CHO konnte anhand von Überlegungen zur Korrelation zwischen der C-H-Bindungsstärke und dem H-Abstraktionskanal erklärt werden. Im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit wurde die Photochemie von Aceton (CH3C(O)CH3), Methylethylketon (C2H5C(O)CH3, MEK) und Acetylbromid (CH3C(O)Br) betrachtet. Für die Photolyse von Aceton (bei 248 nm und 266 nm), MEK (bei 248 nm) und Acetylbromid (bei 248 nm) wurden bei 298 ± 3 K druckabhängig zwischen 5 und 1600 Torr N2 Quantenausbeuten für die Methylbildung (Phi(CH3)) bestimmt. Nach gepulster Photolyse der betrachteten Moleküle wurden die transienten Absorptionssignale der Methylradikale bei 216,4 nm verfolgt. Die Quantenausbeuten wurden relativ zur Photolyse von Methyliodid (CH3I) unter gleichen Reaktionsbedingungen ermittelt. Die erhaltenen Quantenausbeuten für CH3-Radikale nehmen für die beiden Systeme Aceton / 248 nm (Phi(CH3, Aceton) = 1,42 – 0,99) und MEK / 248 nm (Phi(CH3, MEK) = 0,45 – 0,19) druckabhängig zu hohen Drücken ab. Die Druckabhängigkeit von Phi(CH3) wird auf die Konkurrenz zwischen Stoßrelaxation und Dissoziation der schwingungsangeregten Acetylradikale (CH3CO#) zurückgeführt. Für das System Aceton / 266 nm wird keine Druckabhängigkeit von Phi(CH3) = 0,93 ± 0,1 beobachtet. Dies wird damit erklärt, dass CH3CO# nicht genügend Energie besitzt, um die Barriere zur Dissoziation zu überschreiten. Bei der Photolyse von Acetylbromid bei 248 nm wird druckunabhängig Phi(CH3) = 0,92 ± 0,10 bestimmt. In diesem System dissoziieren die schwingungsangeregten Acetylradikale bei allen Drücken vollständig. Bei 266 nm wurde die Gesamtquantenausbeute für die Photodissoziation von Aceton (Phi(diss, 266nm)) bestimmt. Die nach Photolyse erhaltenen Methyl - und Acetylradikale wurden nach Titration mit Br2 durch die Resonanzfluoreszenz der Bromatome detektiert. Phi(diss, 266nm) wurde mit 0,92 ± 0,07 bestimmt.

On moduli spaces of semistable sheaves on K3 surfaces

Ich untersuche die nicht bereits durch die Arbeit "Singular symplectic moduli spaces" von Kaledin, Lehn und Sorger (Invent. Math. 164 (2006), no. 3) abgedeckten Fälle von Modulräumen halbstabiler Garben auf projektiven K3-Flächen - die Fälle mit Mukai-Vektor (0,c,0) sowie die Modulräume zu nichtgenerischen amplen Divisoren - hinsichtlich der möglichen Konstruktion neuer Beispiele von kompakten irreduziblen symplektischen Mannigfaltigkeiten. Ich stelle einen Zusammenhang zu den bereits untersuchten Modulräumen und Verallgemeinerungen derselben her und erweitere bekannte Ergebnisse auf alle offenen Fälle von Garben vom Rang 0 und viele Fälle von Garben von positivem Rang. Insbesondere kann in diesen Fällen die Existenz neuer Beispiele von kompakten irreduziblen symplektischen Mannigfaltigkeiten, die birational über Komponenten des Modulraums liegen, ausgeschlossen werden.