Psicosociología comprensiva: notas significativas sobre la empatía de Rogers y Jaspers

Existe desde hace tiempo un arraigado debate sobre la necesidad de crear microprácticas, dentro de las ciencias sociales, que nos lleven a concebir nuevas y distintas formas de enfrentar la realidad social que pretendemos conocer. Pero, las prácticas encaminadas a la intervención nunca estuvieron cercanas al desarrollo de las ciencias teoréticas, como la Sociología aplicada, que muchos autores entienden como empírica en el sentido de la investigación sociológica, de difícil proyección en el campo de la acción social (Gómez, 2016). Aunque debemos señalar que últimamente la propuesta de la Socioterapia, como intervención socioterapéutica, que puede ser considerada próxima a la denominada Sociología Clínica está surgiendo como alternativa al escaso desarrollo profesional de los sociólogos, de forma masiva en el mercado laboral. La Sociología con su gran desarrollo académico no ha entrado a proponer o a buscar métodos o técnicas de intervención social como prácticas que posibiliten unos cambios relacionales entre los miembros de la sociedad, que les lleven a unas relaciones más satisfactorias entre ellos. Sin embargo, este tipo de cambios sí se han desarrollado en prácticas terapéuticas próximas a la Psicología Social, en la que se puede encuadrar la denominada Sociología Clínica. Una corriente próxima a dicho enfoque clínico fue la que se desarrolló como método de grupo operativo, de la Escuela Argentina de Psicología Social creada por Enrique Pichón Reviere y por el interaccionismo simbólico de George Herbert Mead y que fue defendido abiertamente por algunos profesionales de lo social, que poco a poco han tenido la certeza de lo necesario de unas teorías y unas prácticas en concordancia con las necesidades de los miembros de cada sociedad. este artículo refiere algunas aportaciones importantes para la comprensión fenomenológioca y existencial del sujeto, que nos servirá además como aproximación a los autores considerados, ya que los mismos vivieron inmersos en una cultura propia de sus respectivas obras y acciones profesionales e intelectuales, que además de su pertenencia a ámbitos intelectuales diferentes: Jasper al pensamiento Alemán y Rogers al pensamiento Americano.

Ernesto N. Rogers y la preesistenza ambientale en las Escuelas Nacionales de Arte de La Habana

La influencia de Ernesto Nathan Rogers fue decisiva en la formación de gran parte de los arquitectos de la posguerra europea. A través de los numerosos libros' y escritos que publicó, entre los que destacan sus editoriales de la revista Casabella, que dirigió entre 1953 y 1965, desarrolló un corpus teórico en el que intentó establecer un puente entre la modernidad y la tradición. El pensamiento de Rogers quedó esbozado en el primer editorial que escribió para la revista Casabella a la que añadió el famoso término Continuitá. Las enseñanzas de Rogers calaron profundamente en tres jóvenes arquitectos que se formaron bajo el influjo de sus teorías: dos de ellos italianos, Vittorio Garatti y Roberto Gottardi, y otro cubano, Ricardo Porro. Durante sus años de formación, los tres entraron en contacto con la figura de Rogers. Garatti lo tuvo como profesor en el Politécnico de Milán. Gottardi fue el que más contacto tuvo, trabajando en su oficina entre 1956 y 1957, antes de su partida hacia Venezuela. Y Porro, de forma más efímera, a través de un curso de verano del CIAM en el año 1951 que se desarrolló en Venecia, en el que Rogers participó. Las Escuelas Nacionales de Arte de La Habana fueron sin lugar a dudas un laboratorio experimental donde estos tres jóvenes arquitectos idealistas pusieron en práctica una nueva forma de entender la arquitectura, que en ese momento se estaba gestando, a partir de una mirada crítica hacia el Movimiento Moderno. Pero este proyecto no se hubiese llevado a cabo con éxito sin las enseñanzas recogidas de uno de sus maestros, Ernesto Nathan Rogers, y que se podrían resumir en siguientes aspectos primordiales: el valor que para Rogers tenia la tradición en la arquitectura, tradición que los tres arquitectos recogerán claramente en La Habana; en la valoración de las preexistencias ambientales; en la continuidad que debía tener la nueva arquitectura con los ideales de los maestros del Movimiento Moderno; y, por último, la responsabilidad del intelectual y del artista en el contexto de la sociedad.

Familial Systemic Mastocytosis With Germline Kit K509i Mutation Is Sensitive To Treatment With Imatinib, Dasatinib And Pkc412.

Mastocytosis are myeloproliferative neoplasms commonly related to gain-of-function mutations involving the tyrosine kinase domain of KIT. We herein report a case of familial systemic mastocytosis with the rare KIT K509I germ line mutation affecting two family members: mother and daughter. In vitro treatment with imatinib, dasatinib and PKC412 reduced cell viability of primary mast cells harboring KIT K509I mutation. However, imatinib was more effective in inducing apoptosis of neoplastic mast cells. Both patients with familial systemic mastocytosis had remarkable hematological and skin improvement after three months of imatinib treatment, suggesting that it may be an effective front line therapy for patients harboring KIT K509I mutation.

A abordagem centrada na pessoa e a psicologia do esporte : vivência de um psicólogo com jogadores e a comissão técnica de uma equipe durante os períodos de preparação e disputa da Copa São Paulo de Futebol Júnior

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

A systematic review of diapoma (teleostei: characiformes: characidae: stevardiinae: diapomini) with descriptions of two new species from southern Brazil

Diapoma is reviewed and four species are recognized: (1) Diapoma thauma, new species, from streams of the rio Jacuí basin, state of Rio Grande do Sul; (2) D. pyrrhopteryx, new species collected from the rio Canoas and streams flowing into this basin in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, Brazil; (3) Diapoma terofali, from streams flowing into rio Uruguay in Uruguay and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and streams flowing into rio de la Plata, Argentina; and (4) Diapoma speculiferum, from lowland coastal streams in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and Uruguay. Diapoma pyrrhopteryx possess the posteroventral opercular elongation typical of D. speculiferum, type species of the genus, but which is absent in D. thauma and D. terofali. Nonetheless, all the diapomin species have the caudal pouch organ about equally developed in both sexes and the dorsal portion of the pouch opening bordered by a series of 3 to 8 elongated scales, the two derived features that characterize the group. The two previously described species, D. speculiferum and D. terofali, are redescribed. Previous hypotheses of relationships among the diapomin genera Planaltina, Diapoma and Acrobrycon are discussed on the basis of preliminary morphological information. It is proposed that the Diapomini is a monophyletic group. An identification key, information on sexual dimorphism, gonad anatomy, reproductive mode and distribution of the species of Diapoma are provided.

Simplified Mathematical Model for an Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor Treating Lipid-Rich Wastewater Subject to Rising Organic Loading Rates

This study proposes a simplified mathematical model to describe the processes occurring in an anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (ASBBR) treating lipid-rich wastewater. The reactor, subjected to rising organic loading rates, contained biomass immobilized cubic polyurethane foam matrices, and was operated at 32 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C, using 24-h batch cycles. In the adaptation period, the reactor was fed with synthetic substrate for 46 days and was operated without agitation. Whereas agitation was raised to 500 rpm, the organic loading rate (OLR) rose from 0.3 g chemical oxygen demand (COD) . L(-1) . day(-1) to 1.2 g COD . L(-1) . day(-1). The ASBBR was fed fat-rich wastewater (dairy wastewater), in an operation period lasting for 116 days, during which four operational conditions (OCs) were tested: 1.1 +/- 0.2 g COD . L(-1) . day(-1) (OC1), 4.5 +/- 0.4 g COD . L(-1) . day(-1) (OC2), 8.0 +/- 0.8 g COD . L(-1) . day(-1) (OC3), and 12.1 +/- 2.4 g COD . L(-1) . day(-1) (OC4). The bicarbonate alkalinity (BA)/COD supplementation ratio was 1:1 at OC1, 1:2 at OC2, and 1:3 at OC3 and OC4. Total COD removal efficiencies were higher than 90%, with a constant production of bicarbonate alkalinity, in all OCs tested. After the process reached stability, temporal profiles of substrate consumption were obtained. Based on these experimental data a simplified first-order model was fit, making possible the inference of kinetic parameters. A simplified mathematical model correlating soluble COD with volatile fatty acids (VFA) was also proposed, and through it the consumption rates of intermediate products as propionic and acetic acid were inferred. Results showed that the microbial consortium worked properly and high efficiencies were obtained, even with high initial substrate concentrations, which led to the accumulation of intermediate metabolites and caused low specific consumption rates.

Fatores gravimétricos no Brasil para um modelo anelástico de Terra

Geodetic observations are affected by the disturbing potential of the luni-solar tide. Among those observations, the value of g obtained from gravimetric survey needs correction by the gravimetric factor. This correction is derived from the Numbers of Love, which depend on the adopted model of Earth. Because of this, it is necessary to update the correction since the gravimetric factor widely used in Brazil as delta = 1.20 does not consider local rheological variations and they are latitude dependent. A discrepancy of about 1% between the observed tidal gravimetric factors d of the ""Trans World Tidal Gravity Profiles"" (TWTGP), related to Brussels fundamental station, and those obtained by recent observations reported by Freitas and Ducarme ( 1991). Experiments based on inertial force effects also reveal a variation of about 0.5% in the observed d. A same order of magnitude difference is obtained for an anelastic Earth model when compared with a viscous-elastic model and even when different frequencies of tidal perturbations are considered. In this paper regression models are presented for gravimetric factors for the lunar components O(1) and M(2) in Brazil. These models were obtained from observations performed at stations belonging to the Brazilian segment of the TWTGP.

Finite element analysis of steady-state natural convection problems in fluid-saturated porous media heated from below

In this paper, a progressive asymptotic approach procedure is presented for solving the steady-state Horton-Rogers-Lapwood problem in a fluid-saturated porous medium. The Horton-Rogers-Lapwood problem possesses a bifurcation and, therefore, makes the direct use of conventional finite element methods difficult. Even if the Rayleigh number is high enough to drive the occurrence of natural convection in a fluid-saturated porous medium, the conventional methods will often produce a trivial non-convective solution. This difficulty can be overcome using the progressive asymptotic approach procedure associated with the finite element method. The method considers a series of modified Horton-Rogers-Lapwood problems in which gravity is assumed to tilt a small angle away from vertical. The main idea behind the progressive asymptotic approach procedure is that through solving a sequence of such modified problems with decreasing tilt, an accurate non-zero velocity solution to the Horton-Rogers-Lapwood problem can be obtained. This solution provides a very good initial prediction for the solution to the original Horton-Rogers-Lapwood problem so that the non-zero velocity solution can be successfully obtained when the tilted angle is set to zero. Comparison of numerical solutions with analytical ones to a benchmark problem of any rectangular geometry has demonstrated the usefulness of the present progressive asymptotic approach procedure. Finally, the procedure has been used to investigate the effect of basin shapes on natural convection of pore-fluid in a porous medium. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Bimanual co-ordination in Parkinson's disease

The basal ganglia may be involved in bimanual co-ordination. Parkinson's disease (which impairs basal ganglia output) is clinically reported to cause difficulties in the performance of co-ordinated bimanual movements. Nevertheless, any bimanual co-ordination difficulties may be task specific, as experimental observations are equivocal. To infer the role of the basal ganglia in co-ordinating the two arms, this study investigated the bimanual co-ordination of patients with Parkinson's disease. Sixteen Parkinson's disease patients and matched control subjects performed a bimanual cranking task, at different speeds (1 and 2 Hz) and phase relationships. All subjects performed the required bimanual in-phase movement on a pair of cranks, at fast (2 Hz) and slow (1 Hz) speeds. However the Parkinson's disease patients were unable to perform the asymmetrical anti-phase movement, in which rotation of the cranks differed by 180 degrees, at either speed; but instead reverted to the in-phase symmetrical movement. For Parkinson's disease patients, performance of the in-phase movement was more accurate and stable when an external timing cue was used; however for anti-phase movement, the external cue accentuated the tendency for patients to revert to more symmetrical, in-phase movements.

Bimanual coordination in chronic schizophrenia

Anomalies of movement are observed both clinically and experimentally in schizophrenia. While the basal ganglia have been implicated in its pathogenesis, the nature of such involvement is equivocal. The basal ganglia may be involved in bimanual coordination through their input to the supplementary motor area (SMA). While a neglected area of study in schizophrenia. a bimanual movement task may provide a means of assessing the functional integrity of the motor circuit. Twelve patients with chronic schizophrenia and 12 matched control participants performed a bimanual movement task on a set of vertically mounted cranks at different speeds (1 and 2 Hz) and phase relationships. Participants performed in-phase movements (hands separated by 0 degrees) and out-of-phase movements (hands separated by 180 degrees) at both speeds with an external cue on or off. All participants performed the in-phase movements well. irrespective of speed or cueing conditions. Patients with schizophrenia were unable to perform the out-of-phase movements, particularly at the faster speed, reverting instead to the in-phase movement. There was no effect of external cueing on any of the movement conditions. These results suggest a specific problem of bimanual coordination indicative of SMA dysfunction per se and/or faulty callosal integration. A disturbance in the ability to switch attention during the out-of-phase task may also be involved. (C) 2001 Academic Press.

Retaining rural and remote area nurses - The Queensland, Australia experience

Because higher-than-average turnover rates for nurses who work in remote and rural areas are the norm, the authors conducted a study to identify professional and personal factors that influenced rural nurses' decisions to resign. Using a mail survey, the authors gathered qualitative and quantitative data from nurses who had resigned from rural and remote areas in Queensland, Australia. Their findings, categorized into professional and rural influences, highlight the importance of work force planning strategies that capitalize on the positive aspects of rural and remote area practice, to retain nurses in nonmetropolitan areas.