953 resultados para Breivik, Anders Behring


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[Abstract]

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Tiedonhallinta on yritykselle yhtä tärkeää kuin esimerkiksi materiaalien- tai henkilöstönhallinta. Tällä hetkellä yritykset eivät kuitenkaan vieläusein hyödynnä kaikkia tietotekniikan tarjoamia mahdollisuuksia. Useat valmistajat tekevät laitteita jotka on suunniteltu toimimaan vaativissa olosuhteissa. Myös tuotannonohjaus-ohjelmistoissa on alettu kiinnittää entistä enemmän huomiota niiden ulottumisessa tuotantotyöntekijöiden käyttöön asti. Tietoteknisten ratkaisuiden suorituskyky ei enää aseta rajoituksia tuotantotiedon hallinnan kehittämiselle. Työssä kartoitettiin valmistavan teollisuuden tuotantotiedon hallinnan tietoteknisiä ratkaisuja ja niiden tarjoamia mahdollisuuksia tiedon keräämiseen, käsittelyyn ja välittämiseen oikeaan paikkaan oikeaan aikaan.Erityistä huomiota kiinnitettiin ratkaisujen ulottuvuudesta tuotantotyöntekijöille asti. Tutkimus on osa Tuotantotiedon Hallinta-tutkimushanketta ja työn toteutuksessa huomioitiin tutkimushankkeessa mukana olevien yritysten tarpeita tuotantotiedon hallinnan apuvälineille. Tietoteknisten ratkaisuiden perustekniikka on jo kypsää ja se ei aseta rajoituksia pilottihankkeen toteutukselle. Työssä kartoitettiin myös pilottihankkeeseen soveltuvia, markkinoilla olevia tuotannonohjausohjelmistoja. Ohjelmistot vaativat kuitenkin vielä jatkokehitystä täyttääkseen kaikki hankkeen tavoitteet.

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Digitoitu valokuvasta, joka julkaistu kirjassa: R. Knapas & P. Koistinen, Historiallisia kuvia, 1993, sekä alkuperäisestä teoksesta.

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Digitoitu valokuvasta, joka on julkaistu kirjassa: R. Knapas & P. Koistinen, Historiallisia kuvia, 1993.

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Digitoitu valokuvasta, joka julkaistu kirjassa: R. Knapas & P. Koistinen, Historiallisia kuvia, 1993.

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Digitoitu valokuvasta, joka julkaistu kirjassa: R. Knapas & P. Koistinen, Historiallisia kuvia, 1993, sekä alkuperäisestä teoksesta.

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Stockholm 1801, M.R. Heland.

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Freshwater ecosystems and their biodiversity are presently seriously threatened by global development and population growth, leading to increases in nutrient inputs and intensification of eutrophication-induced problems in receiving fresh waters, particularly in lakes. Climate change constitutes another threat exacerbating the symptoms of eutrophication and species migration and loss. Unequivocal evidence of climate change impacts is still highly fragmented despite the intensive research, in part due to the variety and uncertainty of climate models and underlying emission scenarios but also due to the different approaches applied to study its effects. We first describe the strengths and weaknesses of the multi-faceted approaches that are presently available for elucidating the effects of climate change in lakes, including space-for-time substitution, time series, experiments, palaeoecology and modelling. Reviewing combined results from studies based on the various approaches, we describe the likely effects of climate changes on biological communities, trophic dynamics and the ecological state of lakes. We further discuss potential mitigation and adaptation measures to counteract the effects of climate change on lakes and, finally, we highlight some of the future challenges that we face to improve our capacity for successful prediction.

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BACKGROUND: Artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum has emerged in the Greater Mekong sub-region and poses a major global public health threat. Slow parasite clearance is a key clinical manifestation of reduced susceptibility to artemisinin. This study was designed to establish the baseline values for clearance in patients from Sub-Saharan African countries with uncomplicated malaria treated with artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). METHODS: A literature review in PubMed was conducted in March 2013 to identify all prospective clinical trials (uncontrolled trials, controlled trials and randomized controlled trials), including ACTs conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa, between 1960 and 2012. Individual patient data from these studies were shared with the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN) and pooled using an a priori statistical analytical plan. Factors affecting early parasitological response were investigated using logistic regression with study sites fitted as a random effect. The risk of bias in included studies was evaluated based on study design, methodology and missing data. RESULTS: In total, 29,493 patients from 84 clinical trials were included in the analysis, treated with artemether-lumefantrine (n = 13,664), artesunate-amodiaquine (n = 11,337) and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (n = 4,492). The overall parasite clearance rate was rapid. The parasite positivity rate (PPR) decreased from 59.7 % (95 % CI: 54.5-64.9) on day 1 to 6.7 % (95 % CI: 4.8-8.7) on day 2 and 0.9 % (95 % CI: 0.5-1.2) on day 3. The 95th percentile of observed day 3 PPR was 5.3 %. Independent risk factors predictive of day 3 positivity were: high baseline parasitaemia (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.16 (95 % CI: 1.08-1.25); per 2-fold increase in parasite density, P <0.001); fever (>37.5 °C) (AOR = 1.50 (95 % CI: 1.06-2.13), P = 0.022); severe anaemia (AOR = 2.04 (95 % CI: 1.21-3.44), P = 0.008); areas of low/moderate transmission setting (AOR = 2.71 (95 % CI: 1.38-5.36), P = 0.004); and treatment with the loose formulation of artesunate-amodiaquine (AOR = 2.27 (95 % CI: 1.14-4.51), P = 0.020, compared to dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine). CONCLUSIONS: The three ACTs assessed in this analysis continue to achieve rapid early parasitological clearance across the sites assessed in Sub-Saharan Africa. A threshold of 5 % day 3 parasite positivity from a minimum sample size of 50 patients provides a more sensitive benchmark in Sub-Saharan Africa compared to the current recommended threshold of 10 % to trigger further investigation of artemisinin susceptibility.