682 resultados para Birch.


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The Canadian Niagara Power Company was created in 1892, in large part due to the efforts of William Birch Rankine, a businessman who pioneered the development of hydropower on both the Canadian and American shores of the Niagara River. Numerous delays and problems postponed the construction and operation of the company's powerhouse, which was formally opened on January 2, 1905. Upon opening, the powerhouse boasted the largest generators of their kind in the world, with a capacity of 10,000 electrical horsepower each. The company was acquired by FortisOntario in 2002. In 2009, the company’s water rights expired and the Canadian Niagara Powerhouse building, also known as the Rankine Generating Station, was turned over to the Niagara Parks Commission.

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Ce projet de recherche évalue la réponse à court terme de coléoptères phloeophages et xylophages (Cerambycidae et Scolytinae) à différentes intensités de coupes partielles (0, 25 et 40% de la surface terrière prélevée) afin de déterminer la viabilité de cette méthode sylvicole en forêt boréale. Disposant de 12 parcelles expérimentales (4 répétitions pour chaque intensité de coupe) dans une sapinière à bouleau blanc située au sud de la forêt boréale (Québec, Canada), nous avons évalué l’abondance, la diversité ainsi que l’établissement (taux d’attaque) de ces deux groupes d’insectes, et ce dès la première année suivant la coupe. L’échantillonnage a été réalisé à l’aide de pièges à interception multidirectionnelle et de l’écorçage de sections de 3 espèces d’arbres exposées dans l’ensemble des parcelles. Nos résultats montrent une plus grande activité/abondance des deux taxons (abondance 5 à 6 fois plus élevée) ainsi qu’une composition en espèces différente et plus diversifiée dans les peuplements partiellement coupés (25 et 40%). De plus, la présence et la distribution d’espèces colonisant habituellement des hôtes affaiblis (e.g., Trypodendron lineatum, Rhagium inquisitor) – et pouvant donc réduire la valeur économique d’arbres résiduels – a été recensée et semble être favorisée entres autres par l’ouverture de la canopée et des blessures physiques faites aux arbres pendant les opérations sylvicoles. Par ailleurs, l’approche combinant différentes techniques d’échantillonnage a permis une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de localisation/sélection d’hôte (variant en fonction de l’espèce), un aspect important de la dynamique des insectes pour l’évaluation des risques suite aux coupes forestières. Sur la base de cette étude à court terme, il ne semblerait pas y avoir de différence significative sur les risques pour le milieu quant à l’augmentation d’activité des Cerambycidae et Scolytinae entre les deux traitements de coupe appliqués. Il reste cependant indispensable de vérifier la validité de ces résultats sur une plus longue période afin d’établir des plans d’aménagement forestier durables pour la forêt boréale.

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La région du lac Mégantic est probablement la première zone à s'être déglacée au Québec, ce qui lui confère un intérêt particulier. L'analyse pollinique et anthracologique des sédiments des trois lacs situés à ses abords, soit les lacs Clinton, Dubuc et des Joncs ont permis de reconstituer l'histoire locale et régionale de la végétation et des feux. La présence d'un gradient altitudinal a entrainé des décalages surtout dans l'instauration des premières phases forestières. La région s'est déglacée vers 13 500 ans AA, et une toundra s'y est installée. Le début de l'afforestation est marqué par l'arrivée du sapin baumier et de l'épinette noire. Par la multiplication de leurs populations, la forêt s'est fermée vers 10 000 ans AA pour constituer une forêt boréale qui fût alors perturbée par plusieurs épisodes de feux. Vers 8000 ans AA, les nouvelles conditions climatiques favorisent les espèces feuillues et instaurent une érablière à bouleau jaune et une diminution de la fréquence des feux. Les résultats obtenus permettent d'enrichir les connaissances paléophytogéographiques et anthracologiques du Québec.

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Un certain nombre de chercheurs (Birch, 1996; Cole, 1995, 1996; De Bergerac, 1998) fondent sur un modèle neurophysiologique leurs arguments en faveur de la delphinothérapie pour traiter divers désordres (DSM-IV) cognitifs et émotifs chez les enfants et les jeunes. Ce modèle recourt à des analogies avec les mécanismes de sonophorèse, d'écholocation et de transmission neurohormonale dans son application thérapeutique. Dans le but de démystifier les éléments pseudo-scientifiques auprès d'un lectorat non spécialisé, cet article critique les postulats et les implications relatifs à ces mécanismes et il conclut à l'absence d'un soutien pertinent et valide concernant ce modèle.

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Presentar las principales corrientes teóricas surgidas en torno a la motivación de logro así como de las diversas interpretaciones que se han dado a los resultados obtenidos en las investigaciones realizadas en el área, durante los últimos 35 años, y analizar las características de personalidad de los grupos de sujetos con diferente motivación de logro. Estudiantes voluntarios de tercer curso de BUP del Instituto Padre Manjón de Granada, con una edad media de 17 años. Aplicación de diferentes cuestionarios y pruebas a los alumnos, para hallar el grado de motivación de logro resultante; basándose en el rendimiento de los sujetos y las calificaciones medias finales de curso. Medida 'N ACH' de la motivación de logro, escala de Ray-Lynn de la motivación de logro, PTM de Hermans, cuestionario de motivación de logro de Mehrbian, cuestionarios de ansiedad (DAS, TAQ, MAS) para la medida del motivo de miedo al fracaso, prueba de rendimiento, test de inteligencia general, test de aptitudes diferenciales (DAT), cuestionario de personalidad 16 PF. BMDP 2d Frecuency Count Routine, se analiza mediante un Chi cuadrado la frecuencia de historias relacionadas con el logro y no relacionadas, correlación de Pearson, aplicación de la fórmula de Kuder-Richardson, BMDP 6r Partial Correlation and Multivariate Regression, cálculo del coeficiente de semejanza de perfiles. Los resultados de la investigación apoyan la posición de Atkinson y Birch. Ante la imposibilidad de utilizar los cuestionarios como medida alternativa al sistema proyectivo, es la puntuación combinada 'N ACH-DAS' la única que ofrece las suficientes garantías de estar realmente midiendo la motivación de logro resultante de los sujetos. Son las imagenes con un mayor nivel de sugerncia las que provocan una mayor activación de la necesidad de logro, la puntuación 'N ACH TAT' permite pronosticar el rendimiento de los sujetos, los sujetos con un mismo nivel de motivación de logro resultante difieren significativamente entre si en personalidad, en función del sexo, el cuestionario PMT de Hermans y la subescala OT de Ray son los que presentaron una mayor validez predictiva referente al rendimiento de mujeres y hombres.

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The resource set of info2009 coursework 2 is produced by group22. it contains: 1. poster 2. internet link of a set of multiple questions 3. a pdf file of a set of multiple questions 4. reference list 5. lecture slides 6. lecture notes ps: Edward Payne (ejp1x07@ecs.soton.ac.uk) has not contributed to any part of the activities.

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Three things to think about and Three possible futures to discuss

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Este libro proporciona un examen lingüístico y psicolingüístico de los niveles más bajos del proceso de lectura, tanto a nivel teórico como práctico. Presenta las estrategias que los lectores de otras lenguas desarrollan en respuesta a sus propios sistemas de escritura y los compara con una explicación de las estrategias que los lectores de inglés desarrollan en respuesta a la compleja ortografía inglesa, explicando cómo los métodos del nivel L1 en morfología y formación de palabras pueden ayudar o dificultar la adquisición del nivel L2 de lectura en inglés.

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The input to soils made by pollen and its subsequent mineralization has rarely been investigated from a soil microbiological point of view even though the small but significant quantities of C and N in pollen may make an important contribution to nutrient cycling. The relative resistance to decomposition of pollen exines (outer layers) has led to much of the focus of pollen in soil being on its preservation for archaeological and palaeo-ecological purposes. We have examined aspects of the chemical composition and decomposition of pollen from birch (Betula alba) and maize (Zea mays) in soil. The relatively large N contents, small C-to-N ratios and large water-soluble contents of pollen from both species indicated that they would be readily mineralized in soil. When added to soil and incubated at 16 degrees C an amount of C equivalent to 22-26% of the added pollen C was lost as CO2 within 22 days, with the Z. mays pollen decomposing faster. For B. alba pollen, the water-soluble fraction decomposed faster than the whole pollen and the insoluble fraction decomposed more slowly over 22 days. By contrast, there were no significant differences in the decomposition rates of the different fractions from Z. mays pollen. Solid-state C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) revealed no gross chemical differences between the pollen of these two species, with strong resonances in the alkyl- and methyl-C region (0-45 p.p.m.) indicative of aliphatic compounds, the O-alkyl-C (60-90 p.p.m.) and the acetal- and ketal-C region (90-110 p.p.m.) indicative of polysaccharides, and the carbonyl-C region indicative of peptides and carboxylic acids. In addition, both pollens gave a small but distinct resonance at 55 p.p.m. attributed to N-alkyl-C. The resonances attributed to polysaccharides were lost completely or substantially reduced after decomposition.

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The input to soils made by pollen and its subsequent mineralization has rarely been investigated from a soil microbiological point of view even though the small but significant quantities of C and N in pollen may make an important contribution to nutrient cycling. The relative resistance to decomposition of pollen exines (outer layers) has led to much of the focus of pollen in soil being on its preservation for archaeological and palaeo-ecological purposes. We have examined aspects of the chemical composition and decomposition of pollen from birch (Betula alba) and maize (Zea mays) in soil. The relatively large N contents, small C-to-N ratios and large water-soluble contents of pollen from both species indicated that they would be readily mineralized in soil. When added to soil and incubated at 16 degrees C an amount of C equivalent to 22-26% of the added pollen C was lost as CO2 within 22 days, with the Z. mays pollen decomposing faster. For B. alba pollen, the water-soluble fraction decomposed faster than the whole pollen and the insoluble fraction decomposed more slowly over 22 days. By contrast, there were no significant differences in the decomposition rates of the different fractions from Z. mays pollen. Solid-state C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) revealed no gross chemical differences between the pollen of these two species, with strong resonances in the alkyl- and methyl-C region (0-45 p.p.m.) indicative of aliphatic compounds, the O-alkyl-C (60-90 p.p.m.) and the acetal- and ketal-C region (90-110 p.p.m.) indicative of polysaccharides, and the carbonyl-C region indicative of peptides and carboxylic acids. In addition, both pollens gave a small but distinct resonance at 55 p.p.m. attributed to N-alkyl-C. The resonances attributed to polysaccharides were lost completely or substantially reduced after decomposition.

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Measurements of apparent specific volume (ASV) for a series of alternative sweeteners (cyclamates, sulfamates, saccharins, acesulfames and anilinomethanesulfonates) have been made. Taste data have been obtained for many of the new compounds unless the toxicity of the associated metals precluded this. Apparent molar volume (AMV), isentropic specific (IASC) and isentropic molar (IAMC) compressibilities were also measured. Sixteen metallic cyclamates cyc-C6H11NHSO3M and two phenylsulfamates ArNHSO3Na, namely 3.5-dimethyl- and 3,4-dimethoxyphenylsulfamates have been examined. When the ASVs for these are combined with those for 15 aliphatic, aromatic and alicyclic sulfamates from a previous study, many of the values are seen to fall into the region that was previously identified as being the "sweet area", i.e. the ASVs lay between similar to0.5 and similar to0.7 (a few sweet compounds fall below this range and it is suggested that it could be extended slightly to accommodate these). Interestingly, the anilinomethanesulfonates, ArNHCH2SO3Na (Ar = C6H5-, 3-MeC6H4- and 3-ClC6H4-) lie clearly in the sweet region but only one of them shows slight sweetness showing that the molecular structural change made (compared with the 'parent' sulfamate-NHSO3-) cannot be accommodated at the receptor site. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Earlier studies showed that the disparity with respect to other visible points could not explain stereoacuity performance, nor could various spatial derivatives of disparity [Glennerster, A., McKee, S. P., & Birch, M. D. (2002). Evidence of surface-based processing of binocular disparity. Current Biology, 12:825-828; Petrov, Y., & Glennerster, A. (2004). The role of the local reference in stereoscopic detection of depth relief. Vision Research, 44:367-376.] Two possible cues remain: (i) local changes in disparity gradient or (ii) disparity with respect to an interpolated line drawn through the reference points. Here, we aimed to distinguish between these two cues. Subjects judged.. in a two AFC paradigm, whether a target dot was in front of a plane defined by three reference dots or, in other experiments, in front of a line defined by two reference dots. We tested different slants of the reference line or plane and different locations of the target relative to the reference points. For slanted reference lines or plane, stereoacuity changed little as the target position was varied. For judgments relative to a frontoparallel reference line, stereoacuity did vary with target position, but less than would be predicted by disparity gradient change. This provides evidence that disparity with respect to the reference plane is an important cue. We discuss the potential advantages of this measure in generating a representation of surface relief that is invariant to viewpoint transformations. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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