Role of animal pole protuberance and microtubules during meiosis in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus oocytes

Fully grown oocytes of Apostichopus japonicus have a cytoplasmic protuberance where the oocyte attaches to the follicle. The protuberance and the oolamina located on the opposite side of the oocyte indicate the animal-vegetal axis. Two pre-meiotic centrosomes are anchored to the protuberance by microtubules between centrosomes and protuberance. After meiosis reinitiation induced by DTT solution, the germinal vesicle (GV) migrates towards the protuberance. The GV breaks down after it migrates to the oocyte membrane on the protuberance side. The protuberance then contracts back into the oocyte and the first polar body extrudes from the site of the former protuberance. The second polar body forms beneath the first. Thus the oocyte protuberance indicates the presumptive animal pole well before maturation of the oocyte.

Extrativismo animal em zona de fronteira agrícola na Amazônia.

Os programas de colonização na Amazônia tem chamado atenção de cientistas, autoridades e ambientalistas para o impacto ambiental causado por desmatamentos e queimadas na faixa de fronteira agrícola. O extrativismo vegetal tem sido merecedor de grande atenção por parte destes grupos, mas pouca ênfase tem sido dada ao extrativismo animal. A forma como este é praticado pelas populações ribeirinhas, indígenas e de seringueiros já foi objeto de alguns estudos; porém, os conhecimentos disponíveis sobre extrativismo animal em projeto de colonização em área de fronteira agrícola são inexistentes. Se, o extrativismo animal é pouco conhecido é ainda menos estudado e monitorado quanto ao impacto que exerce sobre a composição e estrutura dos povoamentos e populações faunísticas. Este tópico merece uma avaliação criteriosa, pois a caça é uma atividade tradicional na vida das populações rurais brasileiras, destinando-se principalmente à subsistência das mesmas. Em áreas de fronteira agrícola, onde aproximadamente 70% dos colonos são originários de outros ecossistemas, pouco se sabe sobre o extrativismo animal por eles praticados. Este estudo investigou a utilização dos recursos cinegéticos amazônicos por estes colonos e o impacto que estas atividades causam na fauna amazônica. O município escolhido foi Machadinho d´Oeste, em Rondônia, implantado por um projeto de colonização elaborado pelo INCRA e financiado pelo BANCO MUNDIAL, e que, até 1980, possuía sua área toda florestada e intacta. Hoje, cerca de 20 anos após, tem uma interface agrícola e fauna silvestre , com inter-relações específicas, pouco conhecidas e avaliadas. O conhecimento dessas relações possibilita a adoção de medidas corretas para o monitoramento destas áreas que têm estendido suas fronteiras nos últimos anos.

Sistema de avaliação de impacto ambiental de inovações tecnológicas nos segmentos agropecuário, produção animal e agroindústria (SISTEMA AMBITEC).

2004

Avaliação de impactos ambientais com a utilização do método ?AMBITEC - Produção Animal? - Projeto RADEMA: recuperação de áreas degradadas com pastagens.

2006

Semeadora de tração animal de duas linhas de semeadura para plantio direto em pequenas propriedades rurais.

2006

Pesquisa na produção animal: garantia de qualidade de vida.

2004

Teores de minerais no complexo solo-planta-animal de áreas de terras firmes do Amazonas.

A suposição de que prováveis deficiências de elementos minerais nas pastagens de terra firme do Estado do Amazonas estivessem relacionadas com o denominado "mal de secar", doença que ocorre em bovinos, oportunizou a realização do presente trabalho.

Parte aérea da mandioca na alimentação animal. II. O farelo da parte aérea na silagem do capim-elefante.

A inviabilidade economica da ensilagem de milho na regiao dos cerrados, devido aos custos muito elevados de insumos necessarios para a sua producao, leva os pecuaristas a ensilar outras forragens. Durante as forragens mais empregadas para ensilagem na regiao, destaca-se o capim-elefante (Pennisetum pupureum Shum) por ser uma graminea de porte grande, de boa producao de massa verde por hectare e bem difundida no meio rural.

Parte aérea da mandioca na alimentação animal. II. O farelo da parte aérea na silagem do capim-elefante.

1984

Arborização de pastagens: tecnologia para assegurar o bem-estar animal e a sustentabilidade das pastagens.

2008

Animal models of soft-tissue sarcoma.

Soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs) are rare mesenchymal tumors that arise from muscle, fat and connective tissue. Currently, over 75 subtypes of STS are recognized. The rarity and heterogeneity of patient samples complicate clinical investigations into sarcoma biology. Model organisms might provide traction to our understanding and treatment of the disease. Over the past 10 years, many successful animal models of STS have been developed, primarily genetically engineered mice and zebrafish. These models are useful for studying the relevant oncogenes, signaling pathways and other cell changes involved in generating STSs. Recently, these model systems have become preclinical platforms in which to evaluate new drugs and treatment regimens. Thus, animal models are useful surrogates for understanding STS disease susceptibility and pathogenesis as well as for testing potential therapeutic strategies.

Implant healing in experimental animal models of diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Additionally, there is an increasing number of patients receiving implantable devices such as glucose sensors and orthopedic implants. Thus, it is likely that the number of diabetic patients receiving these devices will also increase. Even though implantable medical devices are considered biocompatible by the Food and Drug Administration, the adverse tissue healing that occurs adjacent to these foreign objects is a leading cause of their failure. This foreign body response leads to fibrosis, encapsulation of the device, and a reduction or cessation of device performance. A second adverse event is microbial infection of implanted devices, which can lead to persistent local and systemic infections and also exacerbates the fibrotic response. Nearly half of all nosocomial infections are associated with the presence of an indwelling medical device. Events associated with both the foreign body response and implant infection can necessitate device removal and may lead to amputation, which is associated with significant morbidity and cost. Diabetes mellitus is generally indicated as a risk factor for the infection of a variety of implants such as prosthetic joints, pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, penile implants, and urinary catheters. Implant infection rates in diabetic patients vary depending upon the implant and the microorganism, however, for example, diabetes was found to be a significant variable associated with a nearly 7.2% infection rate for implantable cardioverter defibrillators by the microorganism Candida albicans. While research has elucidated many of the altered mechanisms of diabetic cutaneous wound healing, the internal healing adjacent to indwelling medical devices in a diabetic model has rarely been studied. Understanding this healing process is crucial to facilitating improved device design. The purpose of this article is to summarize the physiologic factors that influence wound healing and infection in diabetic patients, to review research concerning diabetes and biomedical implants and device infection, and to critically analyze which diabetic animal model might be advantageous for assessing internal healing adjacent to implanted devices.

Long-duration animal tracking in difficult lighting conditions.

High-throughput analysis of animal behavior requires software to analyze videos. Such software typically depends on the experiments' being performed in good lighting conditions, but this ideal is difficult or impossible to achieve for certain classes of experiments. Here, we describe techniques that allow long-duration positional tracking in difficult lighting conditions with strong shadows or recurring "on"/"off" changes in lighting. The latter condition will likely become increasingly common, e.g., for Drosophila due to the advent of red-shifted channel rhodopsins. The techniques enabled tracking with good accuracy in three types of experiments with difficult lighting conditions in our lab. Our technique handling shadows relies on single-animal tracking and on shadows' and flies' being accurately distinguishable by distance to the center of the arena (or a similar geometric rule); the other techniques should be broadly applicable. We implemented the techniques as extensions of the widely-used tracking software Ctrax; however, they are relatively simple, not specific to Drosophila, and could be added to other trackers as well.

The role of GRK6 in animal models of Parkinson's disease and L-DOPA treatment.

G protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 6 (GRK6) belongs to a family of kinases that phosphorylate GPCRs. GRK6 levels were found to be altered in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and D(2) dopamine receptors are supersensitive in mice lacking GRK6 (GRK6-KO mice). To understand how GRK6 modulates the behavioral manifestations of dopamine deficiency and responses to L-DOPA, we used three approaches to model PD in GRK6-KO mice: 1) the cataleptic response to haloperidol; 2) introducing GRK6 mutation to an acute model of absolute dopamine deficiency, DDD mice; 3) hemiparkinsonian 6-OHDA model. Furthermore, dopamine-related striatal signaling was analyzed by assessing the phosphorylation of AKT/GSK3β and ERK1/2. GRK6 deficiency reduced cataleptic behavior, potentiated the acute effect of L-DOPA in DDD mice, reduced rotational behavior in hemi-parkinsonian mice, and reduced abnormal involuntary movements induced by chronic L-DOPA. These data indicate that approaches to regulate GRK6 activity could be useful in modulating both therapeutic and side-effects of L-DOPA.

In vivo small animal micro-CT using nanoparticle contrast agents.

Computed tomography (CT) is one of the most valuable modalities for in vivo imaging because it is fast, high-resolution, cost-effective, and non-invasive. Moreover, CT is heavily used not only in the clinic (for both diagnostics and treatment planning) but also in preclinical research as micro-CT. Although CT is inherently effective for lung and bone imaging, soft tissue imaging requires the use of contrast agents. For small animal micro-CT, nanoparticle contrast agents are used in order to avoid rapid renal clearance. A variety of nanoparticles have been used for micro-CT imaging, but the majority of research has focused on the use of iodine-containing nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles. Both nanoparticle types can act as highly effective blood pool contrast agents or can be targeted using a wide variety of targeting mechanisms. CT imaging can be further enhanced by adding spectral capabilities to separate multiple co-injected nanoparticles in vivo. Spectral CT, using both energy-integrating and energy-resolving detectors, has been used with multiple contrast agents to enable functional and molecular imaging. This review focuses on new developments for in vivo small animal micro-CT using novel nanoparticle probes applied in preclinical research.