Evaluation of colostral immunity in swine with commercial anti-leptospira polyvalent whole-bacteria vaccine

The intensity and duration of passive immunity against swine leptospirosis were investigated by the microscopic agglutination test and in vitro leptospira growth inhibition. Twenty-one females at first parturition were divided into three groups: Group A (n = 08): received two doses with 30 days interval of the commercial anti-leptospira bacterin A. Group B (n = 06) received two doses with 30 days interval of the commercial anti-leptospira bacterin B and Group C (n = 07) was the control. In all groups the colostrums were collected. Blood collection of piglets was performed in four different ages. Agglutinin antibodies were equally detected in sera and colostrums for serovars Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Copenhageni, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Pomona (Group A) and Canicola, Copenhageni, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona and Hardjo (Group 13). Mean neutralizing antibodies titers were low. Passive immunity was low duration. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

pido, a non-long terminal repeat retrotransposon of the chicken repeat 1 family from the genome of the Oriental blood fluke, Schistosoma japonicum

A newly described non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposon element was isolated from the genome of the Oriental schistosome, Schistosoma japonicum. At least 1000 partial copies of the element, which was named pido, were dispersed throughout the genome of S. japonicum. As is usual with non-LTR retrotransposons, it is expected that many pido elements will be 5'-truncated. A consensus sequence of 3564 bp of the truncated pido element was assembled from several genomic fragments that contained pido-hybridizing sequences. The sequence encoded part of the first open reading frame (ORF), the entire second ORF and, at its 3'-terminus, a tandemly repetitive, A-rich (TA(6)TA(5)TA(8)) tail, The ORF1 of pido encoded a nucleic acid binding protein and ORF2 encoded a retroviral-like polyprotein that included apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (EN) and reverse transcriptase (RT) domains, in that order. Based on its sequence and structure, and phylogenetic analyses of both the RT and EN domains, pido belongs to the chicken repeat 1 (CR1)-like lineage of elements known from the chicken, turtle, puffer fish, mosquitoes and other taxa. pido shared equal similarity with CRI from chicken, an uncharacterized retrotransposon from Caenorhabditis elegans and SR1 (a non-LTR retrotransposon) from the related blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni; the level of similarity between pido and SR1 indicated that these two schistosome retrotransposons were related but not orthologous. The findings indicate that schistosomes have been colonized by at least two discrete CRI-like elements. Whereas pido did not appear to have a tight target site specificity, at least one copy of pido has inserted into the 3'-untranslated region of a protein-encoding gene (GeriBank AW736757) of as yet unknown identity. mRNA encoding the RT of pido was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in the egg, miracidium. and adult developmental stages of S. japonicum, indicating that the RT domain was transcribed and suggesting that pido was replicating actively and mobile within the S. japonicum genome. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Avaliação de substratos para a produção de mudas de tomate e pepino

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar mudas de pepino e de tomateiro em relação a diferentes composições de substratos orgânicos, formulados com composto de resíduos do abate de aves, podas de árvores e areia. Os experimentos foram realizados em bandejas com 200 células, em blocos casualizados. Para mudas de tomateiro, os tratamentos foram: T0 (Plantmax® HT); T1 (composto); T2 (composto + areia, proporção 3:1 peso); T3 (composto + areia, proporção 1:1 peso) e T4 (composto + areia, proporção 1:3 peso). Para mudas de pepino, os tratamentos foram: T0 (Plantmax® HA) e as mesmas composições de substratos orgânicos adotadas para as de tomate. Avaliaram-se a emergência de plântulas (EP), o comprimento de raiz (CR), a massa seca de raiz (MSR) e da parte aérea (MSPA). Os substratos T0 e T4, que proporcionaram emergência rápida das plântulas de tomateiro, propiciaram maior CR. Mas os valores de CR nesses subtratos não diferiram daqueles observados em T2 e T3, aos 20 dias após a emergência (DAE). Houve aumento da MSPA do tomateiro, cultivado em T4, em relação à dos cultivados em T0 e T3. A MSR do tomateiro, em T2, T3 e T4, foi superior à observada em T0 e T1. Para a MSPA do pepino, aos 30 DAE, houve acúmulo de massa seca das plantas cultivadas em T3 e T4, em relação à dos tratamentos T0 e T1. Em relação à MSR, os substratos à base de composto proporcionaram resultados superiores aos de T0, destacando-se T3 e T4. Assim, para produção de mudas de pepino, recomendam-se os substratos T3 e T4 e, para tomateiro, o substrato T4.

Production and photosynthetic activity of Mimosa Verde and Mimosa Roxa lettuce in two farming systems

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is the most commonly consumed leaf vegetable in the Brazilian diet, and it is a good source of vitamins and minerals. It is widely grown in the conventional farming system. However, the hydroponic farming system has been gaining importance in the market, wining confidence from consumers, who are becoming increasingly more demanding on food quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two lettuce cultivars on hydroponic and conventional farming systems for the production of fresh mass (FM) and dry mass (DM), photosynthesis, contents of chlorophyll and anthocyanin. The following two experiments were carried out: hydroponics farming (HF) and conventional farming (CF), performed in protect and unprotect environments, respectively, in Florianópolis, SC. Mimosa Verde cultivar (MV) showed greater fresh mass than Mimosa Roxa (MR), in both farming systems and the two cultivars presented better performance in the hydroponic system (287.7 g MV and 139.1 g MR) than the conventional system (129.7 g MV and 111.8 g MR). Mimosa Verde cultivar presented lower average contents of total chlorophyll (7.7 mg g-¹ FM) than Mimosa Roxa (11.8 mg g-¹FM), and both cultivars displayed higher means for this variable in the hydroponic farming system. Mimosa Roxa presented higher contents of anthocyanin in the conventional system (88.24 mg g-¹ FM) than the ones in the hydroponic system (36.89 mg g-¹ FM). The best results for CO2 net assimilation rate regarded to photosyntheticaly active photon flux density were found in the hydroponic system, for both lettuce cultivars. Variation in the contents of chlorophyll were also found. Those variations were higher in the protected system than in the hydroponic system and contents of anthocyanin were higher in the conventional system.

Antecedentes da satisfação no setor público: um estudo de caso na prefeitura de Santa Maria (RS)

Nos últimos 50 anos, os estudos da satisfação no setor público têm sido objeto de análise de diferentes autores, em diversas partes do mundo, mostrando ser um tema contemporâneo e dinâmico. Com base em uma apreciação das principais publicações nessa área, o presente artigo investigou os antecedentes da satisfação dos funcionários públicos. Na parte teórica/metodológica, avaliaram-se sete construtos (rotinas, especificidade do trabalho, desenvolvimento de recursos humanos, feedback, conflito nas metas organizacionais, restrições processuais e especificidades das metas organizacionais), através da técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais. Foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva baseada em estudo de caso, sendo aplicados 258 questionários aos funcionários públicos da prefeitura de Santa Maria. O artigo fornece um modelo aplicado com os sete fatores e 11 hipóteses que antecedem a satisfação, encontradas em diversas literaturas da área. Com base nos achados empíricos verifica-se que a satisfação sofre interferência direta de algumas características do trabalho, como: rotinas, especificidades e recursos humanos. E, por consequência, essas características do trabalho recebem influência direta do contexto do trabalho.

Versão brasileira da Escala de Estresse Percebido: tradução e validação para idosos

OBJETIVO: Traduzir a Escala de Estresse Percebido para a língua portuguesa do Brasil e verificar sua validade para mensurar o estresse percebido de idosos brasileiros. MÉTODOS: A escala foi traduzida e testada em sua versão completa, com 14 questões e na reduzida, com dez questões. A tradução obedeceu às etapas de tradução, tradução reversa e revisão por um comitê. A escala traduzida foi aplicada, por meio de entrevista, a 76 idosos com idade média de 70,04 anos (DP=6,34; mín: 60; máx: 84). A consistência interna foi verificada por meio do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach e a validade de construto, por análise fatorial exploratória com rotação ortogonal pelo método varimax. As médias das versões completa e reduzida foram analisadas comparando o estresse percebido em função da auto-avaliação da saúde, nível econômico percebido, estado civil, condições de residência, entre outras. RESULTADOS: Quanto à confiabilidade, a versão completa apresentou consistência interna semelhante (r=0,82) à reduzida (r=0,83). A análise fatorial revelou a existência de dois fatores para a completa e um para a reduzida. A questão 12 apresentou as menores cargas fatoriais. Ao analisar a possibilidade de a escala diferenciar o estresse percebido em função das variáveis, verificou-se que a versão completa obteve maiores diferenças no estresse do que a reduzida. CONCLUSÕES: A Escala de Estresse Percebido mostrou-se clara e confiável para mensurar o estresse percebido de idosos brasileiros, apresentando qualidades psicométricas adequadas.

WIDESPREAD CUTANEOUS LESIONS DUE TO Sporothrix schenckii IN A PATIENT UNDER A LONG TERM STEROIDS THERAPY

A case of sporotrichosis in a woman presenting 63 cutaneous lesions distributed all over the tegument is related. The patient had both humoral (Immunoglobulins) and cellular (Lymphocytes subpopulations) immunity within normal limits, but was under treatment with steroid during a long time (Prednisone 10 mg daily for 2 years), due to a sciatic pain. In addition a review of the Brazilian literature on this type of lesions was carried out and commented.

Immunization status of residents in pediatrics at the Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil

Vaccination of health care workers is an efficient way to reduce the risk of occupational infection and to prevent nosocomial transmission to vulnerable patients. Despite this, achieving high immunization rates among those professionals is a challenge. We assessed the immunization status of Residents in Pediatrics at the Federal University of São Paulo from June to December 2008. Their immunization records were checked and evaluated according to the Brazilian Immunization Schedule for health care workers. Considering all required vaccines, only 3.1% of the 64 Residents were up-to-date with their immunizations. Influenza was the vaccine with the lowest uptake (3.1%) and measles and rubella were diseases with the highest evidence of immunity (62.5% each). Only 37.5% of Residents had received three hepatitis B vaccine doses with a subsequent serology confirming seroconversion. Moreover, the vast majority of Residents in Pediatrics who were not up-to-date were unaware of the fact. Both medical schools and Pediatric Residence programs should not only offer information but also check vaccination records in an effort to keep their healthcare workers´ vaccinations up-to-date.

Effect of a booster-dose of rabies vaccine on the duration of virus neutralizing antibody titers in bovines

Humoral immune response using inactivated rabies vaccine was studied in 35 nelore cross-bred bovines of western region of São Paulo state. Ninety days after vaccination, 13 (92.8%) animals presented titers 30.5IU/ml, through mouse neutralization test. After 180 days, 9 (64.3%) sera showed titers 30.5IU/ml, after 270 days, only one (7.1%) showed a titer of 0.51IU/ml, and after 360 days, all animals showed titers < 0.5IU/ml. Group of animals receiving booster dose 30 days after vaccination presented, two months after, all with titers > 0.5IU/ml. At 180 days, 17 (80.9%) sera presented titers > 0.5IU/ml; at 270 days, 15 (71.4%), with titers 30.5IU/ml and at 360 days, 4 (19.0%), with titers 30.5IU/ml. Booster-dose ensured high levels of neutralizing antibodies for at least three months, and 240 days after revaccination, 71.4% of animals were found with titers 30.5IU/ml.

Influence of canine brain decomposition on laboratory diagnosis of rabies

Canine brains infected with rabies virus were submitted to decomposition by being left at room temperature of 25 to 29oC for up to 168h. At 24h intervals, brain fragments were analyzed by immunofluorescence (IF) and by the mouse intracerebral inoculation (MI) test to confirm the diagnosis of rabies and to measure the putrefaction effect on the accuracy of the diagnosis. Forty eight h after the beginning of the experiment, the MI test showed signs of impairment with four negative results, while after 72h, 100% of the results were negative to the MI test and only one result was negative to the IF test, indicating that the threshold period for accurate diagnosis is 24 to 48h before putrefaction. The authors recommend the shipment of suspected cases of rabies to the laboratory for confirmation, but the use of putrid materials for diagnosis is meaningless because of false-negative results.

Opportunistic infections among individuals with HIV-1/AIDS in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era at a Quaternary Level Care Teaching Hospital

INTRODUCTION : In this study, clinical-laboratory and epidemiological characteristics are described for a group of 700 individuals with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) in the ART (antiretroviral therapy) era at a teaching hospital that provides a quaternary level of care, with an emphasis on opportunistic infections (OIs), co-infections and immune profile. METHODS : A retrospective cross-sectional study of AIDS cases was conducted from 1998 to 2008 by reviewing medical records from the Base Hospital/FUNFARME (Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. RESULTS: The individuals were 14 to 75 years of age, and 458 were males. Heterosexuals accounted for 31.1% of all patients. Eighty-three percent were on ART, and 33.8% of those presented difficulties with treatment adherence. OIs were analyzed from medical records, and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia was the most prevalent, regardless of the LTCD4+ (TCD4+ Lymphocytes) levels. Individuals whose viral loads were ≥10,000 showed a 90% greater chance of neurotoxoplasmosis. For P. jiroveci pneumonia, neurotoxoplasmosis, esophageal candidiasis, pulmonary tuberculosis and neurocryptococcosis, the chances of infection were higher among patients with LTCD4+ levels below 200 cells/mm3. HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV/hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infections were significantly associated with death. CONCLUSIONS : OIs remain frequent in the ART era even in populations where the access to medical care is considered satisfactory.

Larvicidal efficiency of the mushroom Amanitamuscaria (Agaricales, Amanitaceae) against the mosquito Culexquinquefasciatus (Diptera, Culicidae)

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: We report the larvicidal activity of two formulations from Amanita muscariaagainst Culex quinquefasciatus, as well as the viability of the aqueous extract after storage. METHODS The larvicidal activity of aqueous extract and powder from A. muscaria, and the viability of the aqueous extract after storage, were evaluated. RESULTS The aqueous extract caused larval deaths, which varied from 16.4% to 88.4%. The efficiency of the powder varied from 29.2% to 82.8%. Storage did not interfere with the larvicidal efficiency of the aqueous extract of A. muscaria. CONCLUSIONS These results show the potential of A. muscariato control C. quinquefasciatus.

Presença e alterações da fauna de Artrópodos durante a preparação de um composto orgânico

No decorrer da preparação de um composto orgânico (150 dias de duração), foram feitas cinco amostragens para estudarem-se a presença e as alterações da fauna de artrópodos, durante algumas das diferentes fases de sua preparação. Foram utilizados, em seis canteiros feitos acima da superfície do solo, três tratamentos diferentes, além da inoculação bacteriana de três dos canteiros, aos 75 dias, e da cobertura de todos os canteiros com plástico durante uma boa parte do tempo de preparação do composto. Em todos os tratamentos, o grupo numericamente mais importante foi Acari (88-99, 5%), seguido por Collembola (0,3- 0%), Coleoptera (0, 1-1, 4%), Diplopoda (0,04-0,3%), Diptera (0,04-0,65%) e Formicidae (0,01-0,03%). O número de grupos taxonômicos e de indivíduos da fauna aumentou gradativamente com o tempo de preparação do composto, em todas os tratamentos. A inoculação bacteriana, aos 75 dias, resultou num incremento da fauna no tratamento 2 (com esterco de galinha), provavelmente em face do anterior fornecimento de uma eficiente fonte de nitrogênio e de microorganismos, representada pela adição inicial de esterco de galinha fresca ao material vegetal. Também a cobertura dos canteiros com plástico parece ter influido bastante na fauna presente no material, provocando uma sensível diminuição de sua densidade. O tratamento com esterco de galinha foi o que apresentou uma mais rápida colonização pela fauna, com uma maior diversidade de grupos taxonômicos e também o que teve uma mais rápida e completa humificação do material.

Análise descritiva quantitativa do palmito de pupunheira

Este estudo foi conduzido para descrever o perfil sensorial do palmito de pupunha. A análise descritiva quantitativa (ADQ) foi utilizada para descrever os atributos sensoriais relacionados à aparência, aroma, e textura de três marcas comerciais de palmito de pupunha. As amostras foram avaliadas por uma equipe selecionada com onze provadores e foram definidos nove atributos sensoriais: cor amarela, aparência uniforme e úmida, aroma e sabor não característicos, sabor acido, residual acido e textura macia. Houve diferenças significativas em seis atributos entre as três marcas testadas. Os provadores descreveram os palmitos de pupunha como: cor amarela clara, aparência uniforme e úmida, aroma e sabor não característicos e sabor ácido com valores intermediários, residual acido e amargor final com valores de pouco e textura muito macia a uma textura intermediária.

Flood pulse and spatial dynamics of mercury in sediments in Puruzinho lake, Brazilian Amazon

The study was conducted in Puruzinho lake (Humaitá, AM) considering seasonal periods of rainy and dry in way to elucidate the flood pulse importance in the deposition, remobilization and distributions of mercury and organic matter in bottom sediments in the Madeira River Basin (Brazilian Amazon). Bottom sediments and soils samples were analyzed for total mercury and organic matter. Mercury concentrations obtained in bottom sediment were 32.20-146.40 ng g-1 and organic matter values were 3.5 - 18.0%. The main region for accumulation of mercury and organic matter was in the central and deepest lake area In the rainy season there was a greater distribution of Hg and organic matter, mainly controlled by means of income of the Madeira river water during flooding, while the predominant process in the dry season was the remobilization of total Hg due to the resuspension of bottom sediments.