Depósito Cu-Au Visconde, Carajás (PA): geologia e alteração hidrotermal das rochas encaixantes

Distante 15 km a leste da mina Sossego (Canaã de Carajás, no Pará), o depósito Visconde jaz na zona de contato entre o Supergrupo Itacaiúnas (2,76 Ga) e o embasamento (> 3.0 Ga). No depósito e arredores, ocorrem, principalmente, o granito Serra Dourada, riodacitos e gabrodioritos, variavelmente deformados e hidrotermalizados. A Suíte Intrusiva Planalto, também identificada, não mostra feições de alteração das demais rochas. Diques máficos e félsicos cortam o pacote rochoso. Sob condições dúctil-rúpteis iniciais a rúpteis, subsequentemente, a alteração hidrotermal evoluiu de sódico-cálcica (albita, escapolita e anfibólios) precoce e ubíqua para potássica (K-feldspato e Cl-biotita), retomando, em seguida, o caráter sódico-cálcico de efeito local (albita, epidoto, apatita, turmalina e fluorita), para, finalmente, assumir caráter cálcio-magnesiano (clinocloro, actinolita, carbonatos e talco subordinado). No granito Serra Dourada, albitização, epidotização e turmalinização são mais proeminentes e se contrapõem à escapolitização, biotitização, anfibolitização e magnetitização, muito expressivas nos gabros/quartzodioritos, e à K-feldspatização, mais comum nos riodacitos. Os principais corpos de minério são representados por veios e brechas, constituídos por calcopirita-bornita, além de disseminações (calcopirita + pirita ± molibdenita ± pentlandita). A suíte metálica básica é Fe-Cu-Au ± ETR. Abundante sulfeto foi precipitado na transição da alteração potássica para a cálcio-magnesiana, tendo apatita, escapolita, actinolita, epidoto, magnetita, turmalina, calcita, gipsita e fluorita como os principais minerais de ganga. Os metais foram transportados por fluidos hidrotermais ricos em Na, Ca, K, Fe e Mg, além de P, B, F e espécies de S. As similaridades se sobrepõem às diferenças, o que permite considerar os depósitos Visconde e Sossego cogenéticos.

Geologia, Petrografia e Geoquímica do Batólito Seringa, Província Carajás, SSE do Pará

O Granito Seringa, com cerca de 2250 km² de superfície afl orante, representa o maior batólito da Província Carajás. É intrusivo em unidades arqueanas do Terreno Granito-Greenstone de Rio Maria, sudeste do Cráton Amazônico. É constituído por dois grandes conjuntos petrográficos: a) rochas monzograníticas, representadas por bitotita-anfibólio monzogranito grosso (BAMGrG) e anfibólio-bitotita monzogranito grosso (ABMGrG); b) rochas sienograníticas, representadas por anfibólio-biotita sienogranito porfirítico (ABSGrP), leucosienogranito heterogranular (LSGrH), leucomicrosienogranito (LMSGr) e anfibólio-biotita sienogranito heterogranular (ABSGrH). Biotita e anfibólio são os minerais varietais e zircão, apatita, minerais opacos e allanita, os acessórios. O Granito Seringa mostra caráter subalcalino, metaluminoso a fracamente peraluminoso e possui altas razões FeO_t/FeO_t+MgO (0,86 a 0,97) e K₂O/Na₂O (1 a 2). Os ETR mostram padrão de fracionamento moderado para os ETRL e sub-horizontalizado para os ETRP. As anomalias negativas de Eu são fracas nas rochas monzograníticas e moderadas a acentuadas nas sienograníticas e leucomonzograníticas, respectivamente, com exceção dos ABSGrP. Mostra afinidades geoquímicas com granitos intraplacas ricos em ferro, do subtipo A₂ e do tipo A oxidados. As relações de campo e os aspectos petrográficos e geoquímicos não são coerentes com a evolução das fácies do Granito Seringa a partir da cristalização fracionada de um mesmo pulso magmático. O Granito Seringa apresenta maiores semelhanças petrográficas, geoquímicas e de suscetibilidade magnética com as rochas da Suíte Serra dos Carajás, podendo ser enquadrado nesta importante suíte granitoide.

Caracterização geológica, petrográfica e geoquímica do Trondhjemito Mogno e Tonalito Mariazinha, Terreno Granito-Greenstone mesoarqueano de Rio Maria, SE do Pará

O Trondhjemito Mogno, uma das mais expressivas associações TTG do Terreno Granito-Greenstone de Rio Maria (TGGRM), tida como representativa da segunda geração de TTGs daquele terreno, apresenta, em sua principal área de ocorrência, diferenças estruturais, petrográficas, geoquímicas e geocronológicas que levaram à sua separação em duas associações distintas. A designação de Trondhjemito Mogno foi mantida para a associação dominante, com padrão estrutural NW-SE a EW, distribuída nos domínios leste e oeste da área. A nova associação identificada na porção centro-oeste da área mapeada, com foliação dominante NE-SW a N-S foi denominada de Tonalito Mariazinha. Reduziu-se, assim, à área de ocorrência do Trondhjemito Mogno e definiu-se nova unidade estratigráfica na região. Dados geocronológicos inéditos revelam que o Trondhjemito Mogno e o Tonalito Mariazinha possuem idades distintas e não fazem parte da segunda geração de TTGs do TGGRM. As duas associações estudadas são constituídas por epidoto-biotita tonalitos e trondhjemitos, os quais pertencem ao grupo de TTG com alto Al2O3 e possuem características geoquímicas compatíveis com as dos típicos granitóides arqueanos da série trondhjemítica. Comparações com TTGs da região de Xinguara mostram que o Trondhjemito Mogno possui características geoquímicas transicionais entre o Complexo Tonalítico Caracol e o Trondhjemito Água Fria, enquanto que o Tonalito Mariazinha se assemelha com o Complexo Tonalítico Caracol. Os estudos sobre o Trondhjemito Mogno e granitóides arqueanos associados demonstram que as associações TTG do TGGRM são mais diversificadas do que era admitido e contribuíram significativamente para sua melhor compreensão, reduzindo expressivamente as ocorrências da segunda geração de TTGs naquele terreno e levando à identificação de nova associação TTG.

Petrografia, química mineral e processos hidrotermais associados ao depósito de ouro São Jorge, Província Aurífera do Tapajós, Cráton Amazônico

O depósito de ouro São Jorge, de idade paleoproterozóica, está situado na Província Aurífera do Tapajós, Cráton Amazônico. Ele está hospedado em um anfibólio-biotita-monzogranito constituído por quartzo, feldspato potássico, plagioclásio, anfibólio, biotita, titanita e opacos. Quatro associações minerais foram reconhecidas no depósito. A associação 1, formada durante o estágio magmático, é caracterizada pela presença de anfibólio e andesina-oligoclásio. A associação 2 mostra substituição total do anfibólio e intensa saussuritização do plagioclásio primário; o epidoto é uma fase marcante e a biotita é parcialmente cloritizada. As associações 3 e 4 estão relacionadas aos processos hidrotermais que geraram a mineralização de sulfeto e ouro. A assembléia 3 é dominada por clorita e plagioclásio albítico, com quantidade subordinada de mica branca e, por vezes, biotita. A associação 4 é dominada por mica branca, pirita e carbonatos sendo o resultado de uma alteração fílica com carbonatação associada. O geotermômetro da clorita sugere temperaturas de 300±40 °C para as associações 3 e 4. O geobarômetro do Al na hornblenda indica pressões em torno de 1 kbar para a cristalização dos granitos mineralizados. Condições oxidantes, acima do tampão NNO, prevaleceram durante a gênese dos depósitos. As associações hidrotermais de São Jorge diferem daquelas descritas nos garimpos Joel e Davi e não são dominadas por epidoto, como sugerido em outras áreas da Província Tapajós. Um modelo pórfiro ou intrusion-related são melhor adaptados para o depósito São Jorge. Este último tem similaridades com o depósito Serrinha da Província Juruena e Batalha, na Província Tapajós, e fortes analogias com o sistema hidrotermal Volta Grande no sul do Brasil.

Mapeamento geológico-estrutural da Sequência Canto, porção sul do Greenstone Belt do Rio Itapirucu, Bahia

The study area is located in the southern portion of Rio Itapicuru Greenstone Belt, Bahia, where were found rocks that belongs to the Canto Sequence, that comprises felsics and intermediary rocks, beyond metasediments. The studied maps and drill holes help to recognized stratigraphy column that was divided in three mains domains, from the base to the top: andesitics to felsics lavas domain, carbonaceous and metasedimentary domains. The data obtained in mapping and petrography analysis allows classify the area in three deformational phases, Dn, Dn+1, Dn+2. The metamorphism recognized according to the mineralogical associations permitted to classify a progressive regional metamorphism (lower to medium greenchist facies) till biotite zone, falling until chlorite zone due to retrometamorphism. The auriferous mineralizations are mainly related to hydrothermal veins included in the different lithologies, mainly in carbonaceous schists

Caracterização petrográfica das zonas de alteração hidrotermal associadas aos pegmatitos da mina Bom Futuro, Rondônia

The Bom Futuro tin deposit is located in Ariquemes, north-central state of Rondônia. Since its discovery in the late 80s, the tin deposit of Bom Futuro has been explored and considered one of the leading Brazilian producers of cassiterite, exploring it mainly in secondary deposits (placers) in the vicinity of the hill Bom Futuro. The primary mineralization occurs in the contacts between quartz veins and pegmatites with the rocks of the hill and its exploitation has been the goal of new studies in the area. These bodies occur in all rock types of the hill, leading edges of hydrothermal alteration with each rock. The focus of the study is the characterization of hydrothermal alteration through the analysis of the edges of pegmatitic veins intruded on each of the main rock types found on the hill Bom Futuro, which are: biotite gneiss, biotite amphibolite, subvolcanic breccia, topaz leucogranite, topaz leucoriolito and micro melassienito porphyry. The analysis and comparison showed familiarities between the edges of alteration encountered, and possible subdivision into three main zones: the inner zone or the vein itself, intermediate zone or transition zone and the change zone where the passage of hydrothermal features to rocks features is gradual. The cassiterite and sphalerite were found scattered in three zones, however in larger quantities in the intermediate zone, near the contact

Caracterização petrográfica dos alvos Hidrotermalitos Norte e Sul, Suruca e porção NW da Mina de Chapada - Alto Horizonte, GO

Main occurrence of Cu-Au in Goias Magmatic Arc, the Chapada mine fits into the geological context of the Brasilia Fold Belt, specifically in the Mara Rosa Magmatic Arc. Four targets, named Hidrotermalito Norte and Sul, NW Chapada Mine Portion and Suruca, are situated in this context, which includes ortogneisses and rocks from the Mara Rosa volcanic-sedimentary sequence. All these targets have been studied due to the possibility of presenting a great potential in Cu-Au, as well as the Chapada mine. Hidrotermalitos Norte and Sul targets presents four lithological sequences, which were identified as: quartz-muscovite schist; muscovite quartzites and kyanite quartzites; quartz-biotite-amphibole schist with pyrite and epidote-amphibole-biotite gneisses with muscovite; muscovite-biotite gneisses. They are metamorphosed to amphibolites facies and retrogressive greenschist facies. Sulfetation represented mainly by pyrite. In the NW Chapada Mine Portion, three main lithological groups were identified and classified as biotite gneisses; honblende-quartz-biotite-schist; amphibolites, with the first group metamorphosed in greenschist facies (low grade), and the other two groups metamorphosed in amphibolites facies, with subsequent retrogressive metamorphism in greenschist facies. Sulfetation is represented by chalcopyrite and pyrite. Finally, also three main lithological groups were identified in the Suruca target, classified as garnet-chlorite-epidote-eiotite gneiss; biotite gneiss and chlorite-biotite gneiss with epidote and muscovite; muscovite-quartz schist, all them metamorphised in amphibolites, with retrometamorphism in greenschist facies. Sulfetation represented by pyrite and sphalerite

Levantamento estrutural da porção norte do Greenstone Belt do rio Itapicuru e dos Alvos Encantado e C1W, Bahia

The study area is located in the geological context of the northern portion of the Rio Itapicuru Greenstone Belt (GBRI), located northeast of the São Francisco Craton, Bahia State. The GBRI is known for its great economic potential for gold mineralization, looking south at Fazenda Brasileiro Mine and North Mine Maria Preta, is situated in the study área. The structural pattern of the northern portion of the Greenstone, theme of this work, is of great importance to understand the mineralization present. To characterize the structural model three geologic sections (scale 1:25000) were made with NW-SE and EW directions and detailing two mineralized targets, Encantado, located northwest of the area, near the city of Nordestina, and C1W, located near Itapicuru River, west of the Maria Preta mine. Thus, field work and petrographic analysis were conducted, that allow to indicate the existence of two structural domains characterized by the existence of a main foliation, low angle dipping main foliation and another with high dip angle, both with NW, moreover, folds occur in the area Dn-1 and post-Dn folds. Dn-1 folds are observed less frequently but they occur mainly forming an oblique foliation and the Sn is present in porphyroblasts observed in petrographic analysis, whereas in relation to the folds post Dn, there are more than one type of folding in area, which differ by the orientation of their axis, a post Dn NS and EW Dn another post. Moreover, two areas of metamorphic green schist (biotite zone) and medium amphibolite, which are directly related to the structural domains found

Estudo do metamorfismo de rochas de alto grau do grupo Araxá na região de São Sebastião do Paraíso - MG

This study focuses on metasedimentary rocks from the Passos Nappe in São Sebastião do Paraíso, southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. These rocks belong to the Internal Domain (Araxa Group) of the Southern Brasilia Belt, a Neproterozoic orogenic belt associated to the formation of the Gondwana Supercontinent. Rocks from the studied area are characterized by an inverted metamorphic gradient. Previously calculated metamorphic conditions show an increasing from geenschist facies at the base (450°C, 6 kbar), to upper amphibolite facies (750°C, 11 Kbar) at the top of the sequence. However, most of these estimates are based on Fe-Mg exchange thermometers and peak temperatures may be underestimated due to Fe-Mg exchange from cooling after peak metamorphism. In this study, we present new PT results for these rocks, based on metamorphic mineral assemblage LA-ICP-MS analyses. In the studied area, rocks from the top of the sequence have a typical granulite facies mineral assemblage: Grt+Ky+Kfs+/-Pl+liq. These rocks lack muscovite and have only minor amounts of Ti-rich, dark brown biotite. In a simplified NaKFMASH system the stability field for this mineral assemblage is bounded by the reactions Sil = Ky on the low pressure side, Ms+Ab = Ky+Kfs+liq on the low temperature side and for high-Mg bulk compositions Bt + Grt = Opx + Ky + liq on the high-temperature side. Minimum temperatures (considering post-peak reequilibration) of ca. 750°C are obtained by Fe/(Fe+Mg) values of 0.7 in garnets from a Grt+Ky+Kfs bearing sample. LA-ICP-MS results obtained for three samples show that rutiles included in garnets have up to 1847 ppm of Zr, which would translate into temperatures up to 830°C for a pressure between 12 to 15 kbar. Also for retroeclogite sample, the results indicate the contents of Zr in the garnet 537 ppm at a temperature of 708 ° C. It is noteworthy that several occurrences of retroeclogites occur in the upper part of the sequence and pressures...

Análise estrutural e microtectônica da inflexão do jordino e depósitos de ouro associados no greenstone belt de Pilar de Goiás

The study area is included in the geological context of the Goias Median Massif, a region where there are associations of Archean granite-gneiss complex (Block Moquém) and a Paleoproterozoic metavolcano-sedimentary sequence ( Pilar greenstone belt ). At the south of area, the greenstone sequence is partially overlain by Neopreoterozoic metasediments of the Araxá Group. The lithostratigraphic units of the Pilar greenstone belt define a shift from about N30W direction (north of the deposit) to N60 and 70W in the region south of the Jordino deposit, where are truncated by the Araxá Group rocks. Mineralogical associations described in this paper allow to indicate that the regional metamorphism that affected the rocks of the greenstone belt and Araxá Group, in the mapped area, reached the upper greenschist facies (garnet zone). Data obtained during mapping and by microtectonics analysis allow to indicate the existence of at least four deformational events that acted on the rocks of the Guarinos greenstone belt and Araxá Group, represented by the phases called Dn-1, Dn, Dn + 1 and Dn+2. It was observed that the pattern of sulphide porfitoblasts in mineralized levels is similar to garnet, biotite and muscovite porfiroblasts (tardi to post Dn) that marks the metamorphic peak of the area

Caracterização estrutural da mineralização da mina de Fazenda Nova - GO

The study area is includes in the geological context of Arenópolis Magmatic Arc, a region where there are neoproterozoic associations of granodioritic and tonalitic composiotion. (Ortogneisses of the western Goiás) and sequences metavolcanic-sedimentary (Jaupaci Metavolcanic-sedimentary Sequence ). In the mapped area, both units are covered by a cover-laterite. The Ortogneisses from Goiás West consist of a source granodioritic gneisses, corresponding to the Biotite granodiorite gneisse, and also by tonalitic gneiss composition corresponding to Metatonalit. The Jaupaci Metavolcanic-sedimentary Sequence is formed by Chlorite Schist (Metabasalt), Biotite Schist (Metadacite) and Sericite Schist (Metarhyolite), and even intrusions Sin/Tardi e Post Tectonic, granite to diorite composition (Diorites), and alson tonalitic (Bacilandia Tonalite). Post tectonic intrusions are observed, wich were Hornblend Diorite Porphyry and Lamprophyres, Structural analysis allowed the identification of three deformational events, Dn-1, Dn and Post-Dn. The first event is associated with a bygone foliation, lineation which generates an intersectional event, generating the foliation Sn, this being the most important structure in the study area, generating even the type mineral lineation and stretch. The last deformational event is characterized by folds on different scales, affecting the Sn foliation. The rocks of the region have features s active hydrothermal and regional metamorphism, and are composed os assembly indicative of mineralogical facies metamorphism Green Schist, in chlotite zone, with evidence of retro metamorphism. Locally there are sulfides as pyrite, arsenopyrit and pyrhotite, and te mineralization is associated with the arsenopyrite

Correlating soil porosity and respective geological unit in Paraíba do sul Valley, Brazil: a geostatistical methodology proposal

This manuscript aims proposing a methodology for correlating soil porosity to the respective geological units using geostatistical analysis techniques, including interpolation data by kriging. The site studied was in Lorena municipality, Paraíba do Sul Valley, southeastern Brazil. Specifically all studies were carried out within an area of 12 km2 located at Santa Edwirges farm. The database comprehended 41 soil samples taken at different geological and geomorphologic units at three different depths: surface, 50 cm and 100 cm depth. The geostatistical analyses results were correlated to a geological mapping specifically elaborated for the site. This mapping accounts for two different geological formations and a geological contact characterized by a shearing zone. The results indicate the existence of a significant relationship between the soil porosity and the respective geological units. The studies revealed that the residual soils from weathered granitic rocks tend to have higher porosities than the residual soils from weathered biotite gneiss rocks, while the soil porosity within the shearing zone is relatively un-sensitive to the respective geological formation. The spatial patterns observed were efficient to evaluate the relationship between the soil porosity, geology unit and the and geomorphology showing a good potential for correlating with others soil properties such as hydraulic conductivity, soil water retention curves and erosion potentials.

Metamorphic evolution and P-T path of gneisses from Goiás Magmatic Arc in southwestern Goiás State

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Caracterização petrográfica estrutural e metamorfica das rochas da região de Indiara (GO)

The region Indiara (GO) is located in southwestern of São Francisco Craton in the Internal Zone of the Brasília Belt, western part of the Tocantins Province. In this locality outcrop rocks of the Goiás Magmatic Arc. These rocks are muscovite gneiss with biotite, muscovite-biotite gneiss, biotite gneiss with muscovite and garnet, biotite-muscovite gneiss, muscovite porfiroclastic gneiss, biotite porfiroclastic gneiss, muscovite-quartz schists, garnetquartz schists, and metamafic rock (hornblende schists) as metric or kilometric lenses. The gneisses have granodioritic composition, granoblastic texture, with some portions with lepidoblastic texture, constituting a discontinuous centimeter to millimeter banding; the structure is anisotropic, marked by the preferred orientation of all the minerals. These gneisses are leucocratic, generally are inequigranular and fine to medium grained. The hornblende schists have nematoblastic texture, are inequigranular and fine to medium grained and have anisotropic structure that is given by a foliation, marked by a strong preferential orientation of the crystals of amphibole and other minerals present in the rock. The gneisses of the area are composed of plagioclase (oligoclase/andesine), quartz, microcline, muscovite, biotite, epidote, apatite, zircon, garnet, kyanite, oxides and hydroxides of iron and opaque minerals. And the metamafic rocks of Indiara region are composed mainly of amphibole, plagioclase (oligoclase/andesine), quartz, titanite, biotite, allanite, garnet, oxides and hydroxides of iron, apatite, epidote, rutile, muscovite and opaque minerals. At least three phases of deformation were observed in the rocks of area of study (Dn-1, Dn and Dn +1). The Dn phase and represented by a well-marked foliation Sn having low dip angle (average dip of 20 °) and dip direction to SW (210/21) and to NE (18/20); the Dn-1 phase is represented by a compositional banding (Sn- 1), this banding is generally...

Petrologia e geoquímica das rochas graníticas do maciço do Capão Bonito, SP

The granitic massif Capão Bonito is located in the southwest of the State of São Paulo and is associated with Neoproterozoic evolution of Central Mantiqueira Province. Its rocks outcrop along the edge of the Paraná Basin in a body with elongated shape whose major axis has a general NE-SW, covering an area of approximately 110km2. Occurs in intrusive epimetamorphic rocks of Votuverava Formation, Acungui Group and granitic rocks of the Três Córregos Complex and their placement is related to a brittle tectonics of NE-SW direction shear zones. In metasediments, when preserved from deformational features imposed by mylonitic deformation, preserve up textures and mineralogy of contact metamorphism with development of mineral in albite-epidote and hornblende hornfels facies. The Massif Capão Bonito consists of red syenogranites, holo-leucocratic with biotite and rare hornblende, medium to coarse inequigranulars and isotropic lightly mylonitic and / or cataclastic in marginal regions. Commercially are called Vermelho Capão Bonito and for export as Ruby Red Granite. Rocks belonging to the calcium-alkaline high potassium to shoshonitic series or the series subalkaline potassic and metaluminous to peraluminous character. The magmatism is compatible with granite type A, tardi-orogenic to anorogenic of intraplate environment, from the crust material with lower melting emplacement associated with correlated transtensive structure to shear zones in an extensional environment at the end of collisional event of Orogênese Ribeira. Metamorphism occurred in the region in the greenschist facies, low to medium, generating quartzites, phyllites, schists, and calcium-silicate metabasics