Desgaste interproximal e suas implicações clínicas

INTRODUÇÃO: o alinhamento dentário correto, bem como sua estabilidade, representam objetivos importantes do tratamento ortodôntico. O apinhamento na região anterior é uma anomalia de posição dentária comum e para obter sua correção as opções clínicas disponíveis para o ortodontista são as extrações dentárias, a expansão do arco dentário ou os desgastes interproximais. Os desgastes freqüentemente são indicados, mas existem questionamentos quanto às indicações, técnicas e condições pré e pós-tratamento. OBJETIVO: o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma discussão, embasada na literatura pertinente, dos principais fatores envolvidos com este procedimento clínico.

Uso de trigo orgânico na alimentação de juvenis de tilápia do Nilo

Embora a produção de peixes em sistema orgânico seja crescente no mundo, no Brasil, ainda há poucos estudos sobre esta prática. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a utilização de trigo orgânico, em substituição ao milho orgânico, na dieta de juvenis de tilápia do Nilo. Foram utilizados 200 juvenis (5,24 ± 0,13 g; 6,91 ± 0,40 cm), distribuídos em 20 hapas experimentais (0,15 m³ de volume útil), em tanque de concreto com capacidade para 25,0 m³ de água, com sistema de aeração constante, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Foram elaboradas cinco dietas contendo farelo de trigo orgânico (0,0 g kg-1; 50,0 g kg-1; 100,0 g kg-1; 150,0 g kg-1; e 200,0 g kg-1) e o arraçoamento foi realizado quatro vezes ao dia (08:00h, 11:00h, 14:00h e 17:00h). Foram avaliados a massa final, comprimento total, taxa de sobrevivência, ganho de peso diário, fator de condição de Fulton, gordura visceral, índice hepatossomático, índice viscerossomático e a composição centesimal da carcaça dos peixes (teores de umidade, proteína, lipídio e cinza). Os níveis de inclusão de farelo de trigo orgânico não afetaram as variáveis analisadas. O trigo orgânico pode ser incluído na dieta de juvenis de tilápia do Nilo até o limite de 200,0 g kg-1, sem causar qualquer problema produtivo.

The antiepileptic activity of JSTX-3 is mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in human hippocampal neurons

We analyzed the effect of the acylpolyaminetoxin JSTX-3 on the epileptogenic discharges induced by perfusion of human hippocampal slices with artificial cerebrospinal fluid lacking Mg2+ or N-methyl-D-aspartate. Hippocampi were surgically removed from patients with refractory medial temporal lobe epilepsy, sliced in the surgical room and taken to the laboratory immersed in normal artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Epileptiform activity was induced by perfusion with Mg2+-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid or by iontophoretically applied N-methyl-D-aspartate and intracellular and field recordings of CAI neurons were performed. The ictal-like discharges induced by Mg2+-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid and N-methyl-D-aspartate were blocked by incubation with JSTX-3. This effect was similar to that obtained with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist DL(-)2-amino-5 phosphonovaleric acid. Our findings suggest that in human hippocampal neurons, the antiepileptic effect of JSTX-3 is mediated by its action on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor.

Management of Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Patients With History of Bisphosphonates Therapy

Bisphosphonates are compounds used in the treatment of various metabolic and malignant bone diseases. The relation between the use of bisphosphonates and ostenonecrosis of the jaws as an adverse effect of the drug has been intensely discussed during the last few years, and up to this moment, there is no consensus concerning an ideal treatment modality for this condition. Nevertheless, there is an agreement among researchers that the standard goal for controlling jaw osteonecrosis is to prevent it. Otherwise, the rationale for a randomized controlled trial is that current treatment has proven to be suboptimal, and no consensus has been reached yet on the best strategies to repair the exposed bone once bone necrosis is developed. This article is focused on reporting a case of moderate osteonecrosis of the upper jaw induced by bisphosphonates and discusses a possible role for surgical debridement associated to platelet-rich plasma, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and the cessation of the bisphosphonate use in managing this type of lesion. Moreover, the dentist, the oral surgeon, and the oncologist need to work together to reach better outcomes.

Salga seca e úmida de filés de pacu (piaractus mesopotamicus)

The goal of this study was to evaluate the process of salting and dry salting of fillets in pacu (P. mesopotamicus), from cultivation in cages. Fillet with skin were salted at a rate of 40% of salt in relation of the initial weight, for a period of 10 days. After processing, were evaluated for microbiological and centesimal composition of fillets subjected to salting and determining the concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) and calculation of income. The centesimal composition were evaluated the protein, ether extract, moisture and ash of the raw material fresh and processed products by salting. The microbiological analysis included the determination of coliforms at 45 degrees C, Salmonella and Staphylococcus coagulase positive. The pacus subjected to umided and dry salting were within quality control standards established by the legislation. The content of umided, protein, lipids and chlorides showed differences (p< 0.05) between the processes of salt. However both forms can be used for the development of technological processes of low investment by encouraging new options for fish consumption.

Projeto de Produção e Processo de Pré-fabricação de Componentes de Bambu

The design and production process of the workshop shed made of bamboo presented in this paper is the result of almost two years of cooperation between Viverde Farmers Association, Universidade Estadual Paulista and Unisol. The system consists of rounded aroeira pillars, a roof structure formed by in natura bamboo frames and metal connections. The development of the parts and connections detailing, through the technical drawing of each component, enabled the development of standardized precision fittings aiming at optimizing the execution and saving time, energy and raw material on the assembly line. In this process, the creation and improvement of templates was necessary in order to facilitate the assembly of parts. The component assembly phases were recorded at the Experimental Laboratory for Bamboo and Wood Processing - UNESP/FEB. The results showed the good performance of the pre-fabrication process of bamboo components.

Processamento da ração no desempenho de juvenis de jundiá (Rhamdia voulezi) cultivados em tanques-rede

The aim of this study was to evaluate the zootechnical performance and chemical composition of jundia juveniles Rhandia voulezi fed with mash, pelletized and extruded diets and cultivated in cages. One hundred and fifty fish were distributed in fifteen cages (0.20 m3), arranged in cages (5m3), in the hydroelectric plant of Governador José Richa, in Iguaçu River (Paraná-Brazil). The fish were fed five times a day, with mash, pelletized and extruded diets, containing 30% of protein and 3250 Kcal/kg of digestible energy/kg. At the end of 60 days, significant differences (p<0.05) were observed on fish performance. The fish that were fed with pelletized diet, presented higher average of final weight (44.08g), final length (16.51cm) and weight gain (36.65g). The different processes did not influence fish survival. The averages of protein and mineral matter of carcass chemical composition did not differ statistically (p<0.05), while the values of humidity and lipideos presented differences among treatments. The highest average of lipideos (8.59%) was observed in peletized diet. The mash diet provided fish with lower lipideo (5.45%) and higher humidity (75.98%) rates. A pelleted diet is most suitable for juvenile catfish R. voulezi cultivation in cages.

Comportamento ingestivo de novilhos de corte sob diferentes alturas de pastejo do capim Tanzânia1

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Viabilidade econômica de quatro intensidades de pastejo do capim Tanzânia na pecuária de corte1

Were evaluated the economic effects of four grazing heights (20, 40, 60 and 80 cm) of Tanzânia grass for beef cattle. The total area was 12 acres divided into paddocks of one hectare, with three replications. We used three animals, males, Nelore per paddock, as more animals need additional adjustment to the height you want. The reduction in sward height allowed higher stocking rate, which, even with a reduction in individual performance, there was more beef production per area. The interest rate on capital given the property represented the largest share in the final cost of production. The participation of fixed variables showed a positive linear function of the increase in height from grazing, showing significant reduction of the production scale. A reduction in cost of production per hectare per year with increasing grazing height. No differences were found in certain economic indicators, and the four systems remunerate the capital invested.

Composição química e degradabilidade ruminal de silagens da cana-de-açúcar tratada com aditivos químicos e bacteriano1

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of the addition of chemical and bacterial additive in the ensiling of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) on chemical composition, pH, kinectic fraction and in situ degradation of nutritions components of silages. Five rumen-cannulated 1/2 Simental + 1/2 Zebu steers were allotted to a completely randomized design. The steers were placed in individual cages and they were fed with diets with 76% forage (%DM). Five silages were evaluated: control - sugar cane, no additives; urea - sugar cane + 0.5% of urea (wet basis); inoculant - sugar cane inoculated with LactoSilo® (390 g/40 t forage); NaOH - sugar cane + 1.0% of sodium hydroxide (wet basis); CaOH - sugar cane + 0.6% of calcium hydroxide (wet basis). The silage additives with sodium hydroxide showed the highest pH values before (11.20) and after (4.87) for silage. No differences were observed among the silages for dry matter (26.85), crude protein (5.25) and acid detergent fiber (57.21). Fractionation of dry matter and organic matter of silages showed similar behavior, with higher values of the soluble fraction (fraction A) for silages with sodium hydroxide (45.86 and 30.95%) and calcium hydroxide (29.47 and 26.13%). The use of sodium hydroxide allowed obtaining higher values for the degradation of cell wall components of silages from cane sugar. The potencial and effective degradability with 3, 5 and 8%/h of passage rate were respectively 88.44, 64.45, 56.73 and 49.83% for NDF and 82.57, 55.51, 46.72 and 38.83% for ADF, indicating that the use of sodium hydroxide as chemical additives can improve the nutritive value of cane sugar silage.

Prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade e nível econômico de escolares

Objective: To associate the nutritional status of elementary schoolchildren with their gender, age group, and economic status based on a cross-sectional study carried out at public schools in the municipality of Cruzeiro do Oeste, Southern Brazil. Methods: The study was performed in 2010 including 939 schoolchildren aged six to ten years-old. The economical status of the families was classified based on a socioeconomic ranking questionnaire (Brazilian Association of Survey Companies), and the body mass index was calculated. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, and differences between independent groups were verified by Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, while possible associations were verified by the chi-square test, being significant p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of obesity in the sample was 8.0%, and overweight, 16.4%. No association was found between the socioeconomic and nutritional status or between the nutritional status and gender. Conclusions: A high prevalence of overweight and obesity was found in this study, indicating that children of both genders are affected regardless of their economical status and age.

Association of the Leptin Gene with Carcass Characteristics in Nellore Cattle

Advances in DNA technology have created biotechnological tools that can be used in animal selection and new strategies for increasing herd productivity and quality. The objective of the present work was to associate the genotypes of leptin gene exon 2 polymorphisms with productive traits in Nellore cattle. Blood was collected from Nellore males and PCR-RFLP reactions were performed with the restriction enzymes ClaI and Kpn2I. The gene frequencies resulting from digestion by ClaI were 0.60 and 0.40 for allele A and T, respectively; the genotypic frequencies were AA = 0.20 and AT = 0.80. The gene frequencies from digestion by Kpn2I were 0.81 for allele C and 0.194 for allele T; the genotypic frequencies were CC = 0.62 and CT = 0.38. The populations in both cases were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05), and the TT genotype was not found. Significant associations were noted between leptin gene exon 2 polymorphisms and five productive traits in Nellore cattle: carcass fat distribution, the intensity of red muscle coloration, pH, marbling, and post-slaughter fat thickness. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Comportamento transversal de caninos e segundos molares decíduos após a correção da mordida cruzada posterior com quadrihélice

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

A participação das escolas de ensino fundamental de Breves-PA no enfrentamento da exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes

A presente pesquisa elegeu como objeto de análise a participação das escolas públicas de ensino fundamental localizadas na cidade de Breves-PA na rede de enfrentamento da exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes. Neste sentido, propôs-se como problema a seguinte questão central: no período de 2005 a 2010, como aconteceu a participação das escolas públicas de ensino fundamental localizadas na cidade de Breves-PA na rede de enfrentamento da exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes? A pesquisa objetivou analisar as ações realizadas pelas escolas públicas localizadas na cidade de Breves-PA que estão voltadas ao enfrentamento da exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes a partir das propostas de enfrentamento apresentadas para a instituição escolar pela política pública, discutindo categorias fundamentais como currículo e formação de professores. A metodologia utilizada consistiu nas pesquisas bibliográfica e empírica, através do uso de entrevistas semiestruturadas devido ser o instrumento que permite o acesso a gestores escolares, coordenadores pedagógicos e professores para o conhecimento de suas ações e interações no que tange à temática do enfrentamento da exploração sexual. De um universo de dezoito escolas de ensino fundamental localizadas na cidade, foram escolhidas duas, uma escola de 1º ao 5º ano e outra do 6º ao 9º ano, por apresentarem no período de 2006 a 2010 ações pedagógicas estratégicas que envolveram alunos em diferentes faixas etárias (dos 06 aos 14 anos aproximadamente), bem como toda a comunidade escolar na prevenção da exploração sexual. A seleção dos entrevistados ocorreu mediante o contato com os sujeitos das escolas, a qual focalizou aqueles informantes com participação direta nos projetos de intervenção. Por isso, selecionou-se 02 (dois) gestores das escolas, 02 (dois) coordenadores pedagógicos e 06 professores. A análise do material obtido nas entrevistas foi feita mediante o instrumental teórico-metodológico possibilitado pela análise de conteúdo, tendo como pano de fundo o arcabouço analítico proposto pelo materialismo histórico-dialético. O referencial teórico utilizado para análise segue as pesquisas realizadas por Azambuja (2004), Brino e Willians (2003 e 2009), Brino (2006), Faleiros (2004), Fraga et al (2008), Franzoni (2006), Leal (2004), Libório (2005, 2006 e 2009), Rocha (2010), Sanderson (2005), Santos (2007), Silva (2007), Viodres Inoue & Ristum (2008) e outros pesquisadores que tratam de currículo, formação de professores e do enfrentamento da exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes em redes de proteção, com destaque à atuação da instituição escolar. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram a participação das escolas de ensino fundamental no enfrentamento da violência sexual (abuso), sem interferir significativamente nas situações de exploração sexual. Os casos de abuso, quando identificados ou relatados pelas crianças, são comunicados ao Conselho Tutelar. Para as suspeitas de exploração sexual não é feita a notificação a esse Conselho, mas tão somente em algumas situações conversa-se com a família, que geralmente nega a existência das mesmas e se omite dos processos de resolução. Os currículos das escolas contemplam as temáticas do abuso e exploração sexual de forma disciplinar, através de planos de curso e de aula, bem como de forma interdisciplinar, através de projetos de ensino-aprendizagem. Estes projetos são realizados durante um período do ano, mas as escolas pesquisadas buscam imprimir um caráter de realização permanente. Por fim, a formação de professores para o enfrentamento da exploração sexual não tem chegado a todos os/as educadores/as, muito menos ao contexto escolar, englobando efetivamente uma parcela bem pequena destes, privilegiando mais diretores e coordenadores pedagógicos.